臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究目的為探討UAV轉子引擎氣封間隙與洩漏變化情形，利用建立之一座轉子引擎測試平台，並執行轉子引擎動態無點火模式之洩漏測試實驗，及轉子引擎性能參數分析。
本研究進行轉子引擎動態測試實驗，於火星塞位置裝置汽缸壓力計，利用伺服驅動器與伺服馬達帶動轉子引擎運轉，透過調整不同引擎轉速，分析不同轉速下汽缸壓力的變化情形，並推算轉子引擎在各角度的氣封洩漏量與氣封間隙變化，而本研究僅針對Apex seal於轉子引擎運轉過程中的洩漏情形做討論。實驗操作於引擎穩態狀況下進行實驗量測，分別使用400rpm、800rpm、1200rpm、1600rpm及2000rpm，共五組不同之轉速量測。
由分析結果得知，Apex seal之氣封間隙變化主要發生於壓縮段與膨脹段位置，上死點位置氣封間隙變化非常小。而當引擎轉速越高，氣封間隙也會越小，表示洩漏程度越低，性能損失少；反之，轉速越低氣封間隙越大，造成較為嚴重的洩漏。當轉速為400rpm時，壓縮段之最大氣封間隙約為5.87E-3mm，膨脹段之最大氣封間隙約為4.35E-3mm；而當轉速為2000rpm時，壓縮段之最大氣封間隙約為1.29E-3mm，膨脹段之最大氣封間隙約為9.38E-4mm，只有400rpm之氣封間隙26.5%。而氣封間隙與缸壁作用力比較後可知，當引擎轉速800rpm時，上死點作用力較400rpm提升21.1%，氣封間隙減少37.7%；當引擎轉速1200rpm時，上死點作用力較400rpm提升31.0%，氣封間隙減少58.3%；當引擎轉速1600rpm時，上死點作用力較400rpm提升36.7%，氣封間隙減少79.2%；當引擎轉速2000rpm時，上死點作用力較400rpm提升43.2%，氣封間隙減少85.4%。

The research investigates the variation of the seal gap and leakage of Wankel engine. A test platform is built to operate Wankel engine without ignition and analyze the performance index of Wankel engine.

In the experiment installation, the pressure sensor is installed in the position of spark plug. The servo motor and the driver motivate Wankel engine. The rotation speed is considered as a variable parameter. The volume of the leakage and the variation of the seal gap can be calculated from the cylinder pressure variation, which is related to rotation angle. In this research, Apex seal is the only circumstance we considered. The experiment is carried in steady state, when the engine rotates with five speed, 400rpm, 800rpm, 1200rpm, 1600rpm and 2000rpm.

The result shows that the variation of the seal gap mainly occurs in compression and expansion. When rotation angle is in the top dead center, the seal gap barely changes. The higher the rotation speed is, the smaller the seal gap is and the less performance loss is. Conversely, low rotation speed results in wide seal gap, which leads to severe leakage. The max seal gap is 5.87E-3mm in compression and 4.35E-3mm in expansion when the engine speed is 400mm. When the engine speed is 2000 rpm, the maximum seal gap is 1.29E-3mm mm in compression and 9.38E-4mm in expansion. Only 26.5% seal gap when engine speed is 400rpm. And after comparing with the housing force, the result shows that, when the engine speed is 800rpm, the housing force increases 21.1% in the top dead center, the seal gap decreases 37.7% as compared with 400rpm; when the engine speed is 1200rpm, the housing force increases 31.0% in the top dead center, the seal gap decreases 58.3% as compared with 400rpm; when the engine speed is 1600rpm, the housing force increases 36.7% in the top dead center, the seal gap decreases 79.2% as compared with 400rpm; when the engine speed is 2000rpm, the housing force increases 43.2% in the top dead center, the seal gap decreases 85.4% as compared with 400rpm.

致謝 I
中文摘要 II
英文摘要 III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 VIII
符號說明 IX

第一章、緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究目的 6
1.3 研究方法 6
1.4 文獻回顧 7

第二章、實驗架構與設備 16
2.1實驗架構 16
2.2實驗設備 18
2.2.1測試引擎 18
2.2.2.伺服馬達 21
2.2.3伺服馬達驅動器 22
2.3.4汽缸壓力量測系統 25
2.3.5引擎進氣流量量測 31
2.3.6實驗軟體 33

第三章、轉子引擎設計原理與理論模式 35
3.1轉子引擎基本構造 35
3.2轉子引擎運轉原理 35
3.3引擎外殼 37
3.3.1引擎外殼方程式 37
3.3.2引擎外殼面積 38
3.4偏心比 39
3.5引擎系統 41
3.6 Apex Seal 41
3.7轉子引擎理論模式 43
3.7.1氣封洩漏與間隙模式 43
3.7.2氣封動態模式 48
第四章、結果與討論 51
4.1汽缸壓力 51
4.2氣封洩漏與間隙量 56
4.3缸壁作用力 63
4.4容積效率 66

第五章、結論與未來工作 72
5.1結論 72
5.2未來工作 73

參考文獻 74

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Chapter 7 “The Wankel Rotary Engine” 20d09-05-19