臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

共軛導電型高分子經過數十餘年發展，已經在電晶體、有機電激發光顯示(OLED)、太陽能電池(Solar cell)…等方面，受到廣泛的研究與應用。
作為有機熱電材料基本條件為1.具有導電性 2. 穩定在空氣環境中 3.合理的使用時效。為了達到上述條件，我們採用了施體-受體共軛高分子的策略來設計高分子結構。我們使用雙噻吩環戊烷和吡咯作為施體結構、吡嗪做受體結構分別進行聚合。雙噻吩環戊烷結構和吡嗪有強烈的得失電子的作用力外，又有併雜環的特性利於高分子的堆積，以期達到好的載子傳遞。而吡咯與吡嗪間因為可以形成氫鍵，更有利於共平面化。我們也藉由有機合成使吡嗪帶有不同的官能基，來探討其在物性上與化性上對於熱電效率整體的影響。最後我們調控摻雜的時間和適當摻雜物濃度，藉由稱重計算出摻雜程度來找出最佳的性能指標值(ZT)。其P3為本實驗中有最高的性能指標，約8.11×10-5。
我們除了把材料應用在熱電部分，亦把實驗高分子進行太陽能電池的量測。我們採用混摻異質接面型太陽能電池的製作方式來製成元件，而初步量測可以將能量轉換效率可達到2.57×10-2%

中文摘要 ........................................................................................................... I
英文摘要 .......................................................................................................... II
目錄 .................................................................................................................. III
表目錄 .............................................................................................................. VI
圖目錄 ............................................................................................................. VII
附圖目錄 .......................................................................................................... X
壹、緒論 .......................................................................................................... 1
1-1、前言................................………………………..…………………. 1
1-2、共軛高分子簡介.................................................................................... 2
1-2-1、共軛高分子的半導體性質 ....................................................... 2
1-2-2、導電高分子之導電機制............................................ ................5
1-2-3、 能帶理論、偏極子、雙偏極子和孤立子…………………..... 6
1-2-4、導電高分子的摻雜分類: …………………… ……………….10
1-2-5、受體-給體系統(Donor-Acceptor Syste)………………………12
1-2-6 導電高分子當前發展與應用………...…………………….….14
1-3、熱電性質簡介………………………………………………..……….14
1-3-1、熱電材料主要性質之一：Seebeck 效應......................................14
1-3-2、熱電材料主要性質之二:Peltier 效應.........................................16
1-3-3、熱電材料主要性質之三:Thomson 效應..................................18
1-3-4、熱電材料性能指標(Figure of merit)：ZT…………………….20
1-3-5、共軛高分子應用在熱電材料....................................................23
1-4 、共軛高分子應用在太陽能電池..........................................................23
1-4-1、前言............................................................................................23
1-4-2、有機太陽能材料的優勢............................................................24
1-4-3、有機高分子發展史....................................................................25
1-5、研究目的..............................................................................................30
貳、共軛高分子的合成與量測...........................................................34
2-1、合成實驗.............................................................................................34
2-1-1、實驗藥品.....................................................................................34
2-1-2、實驗儀器.....................................................................................35
2-2、合成流程...............................................................................................36
2-2-1、施體單體(1).................................................................................36
2-2-2、前驅施體單體(2)........................................................................37
2-2-3、受體單體....................................................................................37
2-2-4、高分子聚合流程圖....................................................................38
2-3、合成步驟...............................................................................................39
2-3-1、施體結構(1)................................................................................39
2-3-2、施體前驅物結構(2).....................................................................43
2-3-3、受體結構...................................................................................45
2-3-4、高分子聚合................................................................................50
2-3-4-1、針對P1、 P2、 P3 聚合步驟........................................51
2-3-4-2、針對IP4、IP5、IP6 聚合步驟......................................51
2-4、有機熱電元件量測步驟......................................................................52
2-4-1、電阻量測....................................................................................52
2-4-2、Seebeck 係數量測........................................................................54
參、結果與討論...................................................................................57
3-1、高分子的基礎性質(GPC、TGA、DSC)............................................57
3-2、高分子吸收光譜及電化學性質(UV-vis-NIR、CV)...........................61
3-3、太陽能電池之性質...............................................................................67
3-4、有機熱電性質......................................................................................71
3-4-1、試片製作的方式........................................................................71
3-4-2、各高分子的熱電性質................................................................75
肆、結論...............................................................................................84
伍、未來展望.......................................................................................86
陸、參考文獻......................................................................................87
柒、附錄...............................................................................................91

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