臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

316L不銹鋼已被廣泛應用於民生、醫療、與工業體系，當其經纖維化至數微米時，晶相結構與物理性質發生顯著變化，特別是鐵磁性的產生。本文將著重於以下三個主軸進行討論：(一)316L不銹鋼纖維細化過程之相轉變、(二)316L不銹鋼纖維晶粒尺寸與磁異向性對矯頑磁力之影響、與(三)316L不銹鋼/聚酯纖維複合織物之電磁遮蔽。
以Rietveld法擬合316L不銹鋼纖維之X光繞射圖譜，經背底參數、晶體結構參數、微結構參數、與織構參數修正後，發現316L不銹鋼原始線材之晶相主要由順磁性-γ-沃斯田鐵相組成，並含有少量的鐵磁性-ㄐ�-麻田散鐵相。316L不銹鋼纖維於冷延伸過程發生應變誘導麻田散鐵相變與應變誘發磁異向性，接續的熱處理使ㄐ收蛦﹞嬰^復至γ相，經多道冷延伸與熱處理程序後，導致順磁性-σ-析出物產生。冷延伸使ㄐ收菑妥僕氻堣o下降，磁壁栓固作用增加，導致矯頑磁力上升。8 μm與6 μm不銹鋼纖維經430 °C熱處理後其矯頑磁力顯著上升，顯示ㄐ�/γ晶界內應力之降低對磁壁栓固與反磁化成核機制有不同之作用。以含有62 vol% ㄐ收菑坐�袗?蔗�30~1500 MHz之交變電磁場中產生顯著的磁滯損耗，發現316L不銹鋼/聚酯纖維複合織物之電磁波遮蔽效益由吸收機制所主導。另於附錄中探討應用於生理感測器之鍍碳彈性導電織帶的拉伸應變與電阻值之線性關係，發現線性關係主要來自彈性纖維之貢獻，並且拉伸彈性與電阻變化率明顯受到力學遲滯與接觸電阻的影響。

316L stainless steel has been widely used in daily life, medical, and industrial appliances. However, the crystal structures and physical properties change obviously when 316L stainless steel is being thinned from wire to fiber, especially its ferromagnetic properties. Therefore, there are three issues in this study: (1) The phase transformation of 316L stainless steel from wire to fiber; (2) The effect of crystallite size and magnetic anisotropy on the coercivity of 316L stainless steel fibers; and (3) Electromagnetic wave shielding using soft magnetic 316L stainless steel fiber enabled polyester textiles.
The background, crystal structure, microstructure, and texture parameters were used to fit and correct the XRD patterns of 316L stainless steel fibers (SSFs) with the Rietveld method. The results indicate the 316L stainless steel wire consists of paramagnetic-γ-austenite and little ferromagnetic-ㄐ�-martensite. Strain-induced martensite transformation and magnetic anisotropy happened in SSFs during cold drawing. After a following heat treatment, the reversion from ㄐ�- martensite to γ- austenite happened, and the paramagnetic-σ phase precipitated. During cold drawing, the decrease of ㄐ�-martensite crystallite size resulted in an increase of coercivity due to the pinning mechanism. The coercivity of 316L SSFs with diameters of 6 μm and 8 μm increased obviously after a heat treatment at 430 °C. It was suggested that the relaxation of inter stress between the ㄐ�/γ boundaries has different effects for pinning and nucleation mechanisms. The 316L stainless steel/polyester composite fabrics shield electromagnetic waves mainly by absorption from 30 to 1500 MHz. This is due to the fact that stainless steel fibers with 12 μm diameter have 62 vol% ㄐ�-martensite which produces magnetic losses. Additionally, the elastic and conductive webbings coated carbon for physiological sensing was studied in the appendix. Results showed that the linear relationship between tensile strain and resistance of webbings was contributed by elastic fibers. Tensile elasticity and resistance sensitivity of the webbings were influenced by tensile hysteresis and contact resistance.

摘要 ............................................................................................ i
Abstract ............................................................................................ ii
第一章 序論.................................................................................... 1
參考文獻............................................................................ 4
第二章 理論背景............................................................................ 9
2.1 沃斯田鐵不銹鋼之相轉變................................................ 9
2.2 Rietveld法之晶相定量與晶粒度分析............................. 13
2.3 鐵磁性材料之磁滯曲線.................................................... 14
2.3.1 磁異向性.................................................................. 16
2.3.2 矯頑磁力.................................................................. 19
2.4 電磁波遮蔽理論................................................................ 20
2.5 參考文獻............................................................................ 24
第三章 實驗儀器與分析技術........................................................ 26
3.1 廣角X光繞射儀................................................................ 26
3.2 高解析可變真空掃描式電子顯微鏡................................ 27
3.3 超導量子干涉震動磁量儀................................................ 27
3.4 低阻計................................................................................ 28
3.5 射頻阻抗/材料分析儀...................................................... 28
3.6 網路分析儀........................................................................ 28
3.7 伺服控制強力試驗機........................................................ 29
3.8 拉伸-電阻量測儀.............................................................. 29
3.9 參考文獻............................................................................ 31
第四章 316L不銹鋼纖維細化過程之相轉變............................... 32
4.1 晶相結構之定性與定量.................................................... 35
4.2 表面形態觀察.................................................................... 44
4.3 小結.................................................................................... 46
4.4 參考文獻............................................................................ 48
第五章 316L不銹鋼纖維晶粒尺寸與磁異向性對矯頑磁力之影響....................................................................................

51
5.1 晶相與晶粒尺寸分析........................................................ 53
5.2 矯頑磁力分析.................................................................... 58
5.3 磁異向性分析.................................................................... 60
5.4 熱處理效應........................................................................ 64
5.5 小結.................................................................................... 66
5.6 參考文獻............................................................................ 68
第六章 316L不銹鋼/聚酯纖維複合織物之電磁遮蔽................. 71
6.1 不銹鋼紗之晶相組成........................................................ 72
6.2 導電性、鐵磁性、與介電性質............................................ 73
6.3 電磁波之反射、吸收、與穿透............................................ 78
6.4 磁損耗與介電損耗對電磁波遮蔽機制之影響................ 84
6.5 小結.................................................................................... 89
6.6 參考文獻............................................................................ 91
第七章 結論.................................................................................... 94
未來研究方向建議............................................................................. 96
附錄 鍍碳彈性導電織帶之力學遲滯與接觸電阻.................... 97
A-1 理論背景............................................................................ 97
A-1-1 力學遲滯................................................................ 97
A-1-2 接觸電阻................................................................ 98
A-2 前言.................................................................................... 101
A-3 織帶結構設計.................................................................... 103
A-4 力學遲滯分析.................................................................... 107
A-5 接觸電阻分析.................................................................... 118
A-6 電阻變化率分析................................................................ 122
A-7 結論.................................................................................... 125
A-8 參考文獻............................................................................ 127

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