臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究探討飼糧中添加4種天然抗氧化物對白蝦(Litopenaeus vannamei)的養殖表現、抗氧化能力、免疫反應、生理反應及缺氧緊迫耐受性之影響。所使用的4種天然抗氧化物為蝦紅素(Asaxanthin, AX)、薑黃素(Curcumin, CU)、丹參萃取物(Salvia, SA)及芝麻萃取物(Sesame, SE)。這些抗氧化物在飼糧的添加量以具有相同DPPH(Diphenylpicrylhydrazyl)抗氧化能力為標準，無添加者為控制組(C)，每組有3重複，進行10週的養殖。養殖結束後分析白蝦之養殖表現，並抽取其血液，檢測其抗氧化能力、免疫反應、生理反應及缺氧緊迫時之耗氧速率。結果顯示，各組間存活率無差異，餵食薑黃素之蝦其成長較其他4處理組好。相較於控制組，添加抗氧化物可提高抗氧化能力如總抗氧化能力(Total Antioxidant Status, TAS)，麩胱胺肽過氧化酵素(Glutathioine peroxidase, GPx)、麩丙酮酸轉胺酵素(Alanine aminotransferase, ALT)、麩草醋酸轉胺酵素(Aspartate aminotransferase, AST)、超氧化物歧化酵素(Superoxide dismutase, SOD)及總血球計數(Total haemocyte counts, THC)。薑黃素組在TAS、GPx、ALT、AST及THC方面顯示出，相較於蝦紅素、丹參、芝麻及控制組有最佳的抗氧化能力，但在SOD則是略遜於芝麻及丹參。所有組之平均值，經過缺氧緊迫後其葡萄糖(Glucose, GLU)及乳酸(Lactate, LAC)數值提升，但在三酸甘油脂(Triglycerides, TRI)方面，則是沒有變化。在缺氧緊迫後，添加抗氧化物之4組，其耗氧速率(Oxygen consumption rate, OCR)皆低於控制組，但此4組抗氧化物之間並無差異。總體而言，餵飼添加抗氧化物之飼糧能夠提升蝦的抗氧化能力及免疫反應，而相較於有3組添加抗氧化物之組，薑黃素則能促進白蝦成長，但添加抗化物之飼糧對於蝦的生理反應則沒有影響。

This study was to find out the dietary effects of four natural antioxidant supplements on rearing performance, antioxidant capacity, immune response, physiological reaction and resistance to hypoxia stress of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Four kinds of natural antioxidants used are astaxanthin (AX), curcumin (CU), Salvia extract (SA) and sesame extracts (SE). Each supplement was incorporated into a basal diet with the same diphenylpicryihydrazyl (DPPH) antioxidant capacity. These 4 diets and a control diet(C) without supplement were fed to the shrimp for 10 weeks, and each diet had 3 replicates. Rearing performance such as survival, growth and feed consumption was monitored. After rearing, the resulting shrimp were subjected to hypoxia stress and the antioxidant capacity, immune response, physiological reactions and oxygen consumption rate were monitored. The results showed no difference in survival among the treatments and the shrimp fed CU had the best growth. Compared to the control, adding antioxidants improved the antioxidant capacity such as total antioxidant capacity (TAS), Glutathioine peroxidase (GPx), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), superoxide dismutase enzymes (Superoxide dismutase, SOD) and increased Total haemocyte counts (THC). Curcumin show at TAS, GPx, ALT, AST and terms of THC, AX compared to, Salvia, sesame and control group had the best antioxidant capacity, but it is slightly inferior in SOD sesame and Salvia. When under hypoxia stress, the glucose (Glucose, GLU) and lactic acid (Lactate, LAC) of all groups all increased, but triglycerides (Triglycerides, TRI) had no change. When under hypoxia stress, oxygen consumption rates (Oxygen consumption rate, OCR) of the groups supplemented with antioxidants were lower than the control group, but were of no difference among themselves. In conclusion, these four dietary antioxidants enhanced the antioxidant capacity and immune response of white shrimp but had no effects on physiological reactions. Furthermore, CU is able to promote the growth of white shrimp.

謝辭 i
摘要 ii
ABSTRACT iii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 vii
1. 前言 1
2.文獻回顧 3
2.1 蝦紅素簡介 3
2.2 薑黃素簡介 3
2.3 丹參簡介 4
2.4 芝麻簡介 5
3.材料與方法 8
3.1 實驗設計 8
3.2 實驗抗氧化物來源 8
3.3 抗氧化物前置檢驗及濃度 8
3.3.1 抗氧化檢驗前再萃取方法 8
3.3.2 抗氧化物原料抗氧化能力檢定 9
3.4 飼料制備 9
3.5 一般成份分析 9
水分(Moisture)測定 9
灰分(Ash)測定 10
粗蛋白(Protein)分析 10
粗脂肪(Lipid)分析 10
3.6 實驗動物 11
3.7 實驗系統及過程 11
3.7.1 飼料投餵成長試驗 11
3.7.2 蝦血抗氧化能力及生理試驗 11
3.7.3 缺氧緊迫試驗 12
3.8 實驗參數 12
3.9 抗氧化能力、免疫反應及生理反應分析 12
TAS測定 12
GPx測定 13
ALT測定 13
AST測定 14
SOD測定 14
THC測定 15
GLU測定 15
LAC測定 16
TRI測定 16
2.10 統計分析 16
4. 結果 18
4.1 天然抗氧化物對於白蝦的養殖情形 18
4.2 天然抗氧化物對於蝦血的抗氧化能力之結果 18
4.3 天然抗氧化物對於蝦血的免疫反應之結果 19
4.4 天然抗氧化物對於蝦血生理反應之結果 20
4.5 天然抗氧化物對於缺氧緊迫白蝦之結果 20
4.6 緊迫及非緊迫狀態下之相關性 20
4.7 天然抗氧化物對於白蝦體組成之結果 21
5. 討論 22
5.1 添加天然之抗氧化物對於白蝦成長及活存率之影響 22
5.2 天然抗氧化物對於白蝦的抗氧化能力之影響 22
5.3 天然抗氧化物對於白蝦免疫反應之影響 23
5.4 天然抗氧化對於白蝦的生理反應之影響 24
5.5 天然抗氧化物對於白蝦缺氧緊迫之影響 25
5.6 緊迫與非緊迫狀態下的關聯性分析 25
6. 結論與建議 26
7. 參考文獻 27
Table1.DPPH percent inhibition of antioxidant extracts at 1 mg sample. 40
Table2.Composition (g/kg) and proximate analysis of experimental diets 41
Table3.Rearing performance of L. vannamei fed with diets containing antioxidant extract for 10 weeks. 42
Table4. TAS, GP-x, ALT and AST of non-stress and stress white shrimp fed antioxidant feed for 10 weeks. 43
Table5. SOD and THC of of non-stress and stress white shrimp fed antioxidant feed for 10 weeks. 44
Table6. GLU, LAC and TRI of non-stress and stress white shrimp fed antioxidant feed for 10 weeks. 45
Table7.Time and water parameter during stress of white shrimp fed antioxidant feed for 10 weeks. 46
Table8. Correlation matrix among antioxidant capacity, immune response and physiological reaction of white shrimp under non-stress condition (n=15). 47
Table9. Correlation matrix among antioxidant capacity, immune response, physiological reaction, stress time and oxygen consumption rate of white shrimp under non-stress condition(n=15). 48
Table10.Comssition of white shrimp muscle after fed antioxidant feed for 10 weeks. …………………………………………………………………………………..49
Fig 1. Each 2 week Specific growth rate in 10 weeks. 50
Fig 2. Astaxanthin chemical structure. 50
Fig 3. Curcumin chemical structure. 51
Fig 4. Various curcumin-based products include capsules, tablets, ointments, energy drinks, soaps, and cosmetics. 51

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