臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文透過自行研發之逆向工程軟體以自動化之方式建構三維一階不連續(位置連續)之B-spline曲面。在逆向工程中，某些曲線與曲面之區域，需運用視覺以人工手動的方式於逆向軟體中修改B-spline曲線達到所需工業產品之幾何特徵，且在產品特定表面或區域，需要以一階不連續的特徵線表示，其餘曲面部分則維持二階連續的特性。然而以手動修改的方式所耗費時間長，若藉由電腦強大的運算能力以自動化的處理去修改B-spline曲線或曲面，方便設計人員易於修改曲面外型形狀，以增加產品開發時效性。
研究中將汽車頭燈反射鏡表面經由光學雷射量測系統擷取點資料，以擬合法取得三維平滑B-spline曲線，再透過自行研發之逆向軟體程式自動搜尋曲線之尖點位置，並於尖點位置重複置入控制點及調整節點為開放均勻分佈型式，將曲線之圓滑部份修飾成尖點(一階不連續)之幾何特徵，利於車燈產生遠且均勻的高亮度光線目的，並從軟體匯出產生一個IGES格式之檔案，可於逆向工程軟體系統中顯示出具有三維一階不連續的B-spline曲線，進而建構出自由曲面、實體模型，並檢驗曲面精度及平滑性，以利於後續電腦輔助工程分析(CAE)、電腦輔助製造(CAM)或快速成型系統(RP)製造出所需要的產品。
本論文結果顯示，車燈反射鏡表面之曲線或曲面形狀，快速於所期望之區域呈現位置連續的特徵線，而其餘未修改區域則維持曲率連續的情況。本研究之結果亦可適用於其他領域之幾何模型外形之修改，以節省產品研究開發之時間。

This study is to construct the discontinuous B-Spline surfaces of three dimensions by using the reverse software we had developed. In some curves or surfaces of industrial products, we need to alter the B-Spline curves by handed manner in the reverse software in order to create the geometric feature line. That feature line with discontinuity (Positional continuity) is represented on some specific surfaces or regions, and the other unmodified surfaces remain the continuity (Slope continuity). However, it takes a lot of time to construct the feature line by hand. Therefore, we use the proposal algorithm to alter the B-Spline curves or surfaces.
In this research, the 3D metrology system is used to get the 3D cloud data from the reflector surfaces of the automotive headlamp in order to construct the B-Spline curves in the fitting process. The vertices of the curve were coincided the control points of the curve vertices position, which automatically searched by the developed reverse software programs and turned the knots into the open uniform. It makes the curve’s smooth areas produce the discontinuity with above statements to create IGES files. Finally, The discontinuity B-Spline curves of three dimensions has shown in the reverse software systems from the IGES files. In this method, it can construct the curves into the free-form surfaces as well as check its quality. The producers could manufacture the headlamp’s reflector surfaces by CAM /RP systems after analysing by CAE.
The results show that the feature lines of the reflector surfaces were established rapidly in the modified areas that we expected. The results of this study are also applied to the other alteration of the modeling surfaces to save the research and development (R&D) time for the engineers.

中文摘要 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- i
英文摘要 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ii
誌謝 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- iv
目錄 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- v
表目錄 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- vii
圖目錄 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- viii
符號說明 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- xi
第一章、 緒論--------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
1.1 前言--------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
1.2 文獻回顧與探討------------------------------------------------------ 2
1.3 研究目的與方法------------------------------------------------------ 5
1.4 論文架構--------------------------------------------------------------- 8
第二章、 逆向工程概論--------------------------------------------------------- 9
2.1 前言--------------------------------------------------------------------- 9
2.2 逆向工程緒論--------------------------------------------------------- 11
2.2.1 量測系統--------------------------------------------------------------- 11
2.2.2 點資料前置處理------------------------------------------------------ 19
2.2.3 曲線/曲面之建立----------------------------------------------------- 29
2.2.4 CAD模型重建-------------------------------------------------------- 31
2.3 逆向工程之整合製造------------------------------------------------ 33
2.3.1 電腦輔助工程分析系統--------------------------------------------- 33
2.3.2 快速成型系統與快速模具系統------------------------------------ 34
2.3.3 電腦輔助設計與製造系統------------------------------------------ 36
2.4 逆向工程應用領域--------------------------------------------------- 37
第三章、 曲線之基本理論------------------------------------------------------ 41
3.1 前言--------------------------------------------------------------------- 41
3.2 曲線與曲面數學模式及特性--------------------------------------- 44
3.2.1 Bézier曲線數學式---------------------------------------------------- 45
3.2.2 B-spline曲線與曲面之數學式------------------------------------- 50
3.2.3 NURBS曲線與曲面之數學式-------------------------------------- 57
3.3 B-spline曲線與曲面的嵌合及特性------------------------------- 59
3.3.1 前言--------------------------------------------------------------------- 59
3.3.2 B-spline曲線與曲面的插值法------------------------------------- 60
3.3.3 B-spline曲線與曲面的近似法------------------------------------- 63
3.3.4 B-spline曲線(與曲面)的連續性----------------------------------- 66
第四章、 車燈曲面實例建構--------------------------------------------------- 73
4.1 前言--------------------------------------------------------------------- 73
4.2 頭燈反射鏡曲面建構之流程--------------------------------------- 73
4.2.1 量測點資料處理------------------------------------------------------ 73
4.2.2 曲線之建立與修改--------------------------------------------------- 78
4.2.3 曲面之建構------------------------------------------------------------ 83
4.2.4 建構曲面之品質檢測------------------------------------------------ 86
4.3 建構反射曲面之討論------------------------------------------------ 96
第五章、 結論與未來展望------------------------------------------------------ 99
5.1 結論--------------------------------------------------------------------- 99
5.2 未來展望--------------------------------------------------------------- 100
參考文獻 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 101
附錄 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 104
自傳 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 109

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