臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

磁共振頻譜影像 (magnetic resonance spectroscopic image)，可能會受到強烈
的脂質訊號影響而產生吉布斯波紋假影，造成脂質汙染代謝物的頻譜，使代謝物
定量變得複雜。在二維磁共振頻譜影像中，常見的脂肪抑制方法是在腦部周圍的
皮下脂質位置擺置八條外部體積飽和帶(OVS) 或使用反轉恢復(inversion
recovery)來消除脂肪訊號。本研究使用基於空間信號投影的SSP後處理方法來達
到抑制脂肪的效果，SSP 透過提取脂質信號成分並加以去除，達到有效的脂質抑
制。本實驗在大腦仿體中實現抑制脂質的效果，透過平面回波頻譜影像(EPSI)收
取大腦仿體的數據，將SSP 脂質抑制後的代謝物濃度和大腦仿體中的已知濃度
比較，證明SSP 脂質抑制可以有效去除脂質汙染。SSP 脂質抑制方法可運用於三
維的磁共振頻譜影像上，可以有效抑制脂質且不會增加SAR 值的吸收，利於分
析全腦代謝物的頻譜。

Lipid contamination from the intense subcutaneous lipid signal that
produces Gibbs ringing artifacts may complicate the quantitation of metabolites in
the Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Image. In 2D MRSI, lipid suppression is
usually achieved by placing 8 outer volume saturation bands (OVS) around the
brain with subcutaneous lipids or use inversion recovery to eliminate fat signals. In this study, post-processing method based on spatial signal projection (SSP) was
used to achieve the effect of suppressing lipid signal. SSP extracts signal
components of lipids and removes them to achieve effective lipid suppression. In
this experiment, the effect of lipid suppressions was tested in brain phantoms. Data of brain phantom were collected by echo planar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI), and the concentration of metabolites after SSP lipid suppression was compared with the known concentration of brain phantom. The feasibility of SSP method for lipid
suppression was demonstrated.

ABSTRACT
中文摘要
目錄
圖目錄
第一章 簡介
1.1磁共振頻譜
1.2腦內1H頻譜代謝物
1.3脂質抑制
1.4信號空間投影
1.5背景說明
1.6動機與目標
第二章 方法與材料
2.1仿體製作
2.2實驗參數
2.3信號空間投影 (SSP)
2.4 MRS數據前處理
2.5頻譜位移模擬
2.6代謝物定量
第三章 實驗結果
3.1大腦仿體MRS頻譜
3.2代謝物濃度定量
3.3頻譜位移模擬
3.4未加脂質仿體使用SSP濃度變化
第四章 討論與結論
參考文獻

1. Lin FH, Tsai SY, Otazo R, Caprihan A, Wald LL, Belliveau JW, et al. Sensitivity‐ encoded (SENSE) proton echo‐planar spectroscopic imaging (PEPSI) in the human brain. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 2007;57(2):249-57.
2. Tsai SY, Otazo R, Posse S, Lin YR, Chung HW, Wald LL, et al. Accelerated proton echo planar spectroscopic imaging (PEPSI) using GRAPPA with a 32‐channel phased‐array coil. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 2008;59(5):989-98.
3. Tsai S-Y, Lin Y-R, Wang W-C, Niddam DM. Short-and long-term quantitation reproducibility of brain metabolites in the medial wall using proton echo planar spectroscopic imaging. Neuroimage. 2012;63(3):1020-9.
4. Rothman D, Behar K, Hetherington H, Shulman R. Homonuclear 1H double-resonance difference spectroscopy of the rat brain in vivo. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 1984;81(20):6330-4.
5. üttel AK, Kimmich R. Double‐quantum filtered volume‐selective NMR spectroscopy. Magnetic resonance in medicine. 1989;10(3):404-10.
6. Niddam DM, Tsai S-Y, Lu C-L, Ko C-W, Hsieh J-C. Reduced hippocampal glutamate–glutamine levels in irritable bowel syndrome: preliminary findings using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The American journal of gastroenterology. 2011;106(8):1503.
7. Tsai SY, Lin YR, Lin HY, Lin FH. Reduction of lipid contamination in MR spectroscopy imaging using signal space projection. Magnetic resonance in medicine. 2019;81(3):1486-98.
8. Ozhinsky E, Vigneron DB, Nelson SJ. Improved spatial coverage for brain 3D PRESS MRSI by automatic placement of outer‐volume suppression saturation bands. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 2011;33(4):792-802.
9. Yung KT, Zheng W, Zhao C, Martínez‐Ramón M, van der Kouwe A, Posse S. Atlas‐based automated positioning of outer volume suppression slices in short‐echo time 3D MR spectroscopic imaging of the human brain. Magnetic resonance in medicine. 2011;66(4):911-22.
10. 林欣瑜. 使用後處理來抑制氫原子頻譜影像上的脂肪假影. 台北市: 國立 臺灣科技大學; 2015.
11. Maudsley AA, Domenig C, Govind V, Darkazanli A, Studholme C, Arheart K, et al. Mapping of brain metabolite distributions by volumetric proton MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI). Magnetic Resonance in Medicinel. 2009;61(3):548-59.


12. Maudsley AA, Domenig C, Sheriff S. Reproducibility of serial whole‐brain MR spectroscopic imaging. NMR in biomedicine. 2010;23(3):251-6.
13. Bernard CP, Liney GP, Manton DJ, Turnbull LW, Langton CM. Comparison of fat quantification methods: a phantom study at 3.0 T. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 2008;27(1):192-7.
14. Merritt S, Gulsen G, Chiou G, Chu Y, Deng C, Cerussi AE, et al. Comparison of water and lipid content measurements using diffuse optical spectroscopy and MRI in emulsion phantoms. Technology in cancer research & treatment. 2003;2(6):563-9.
15. Traynor M, Burke R, Frias JM, Gaston E, Barry-Ryan C. Formation and stability of an oil in water emulsion containing lecithin, xanthan gum and sunflower oil. 2013.