臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究之主軸為發展一數值波浪水槽。本文基於雷諾時均方程(Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations, RANs)作為控制方程式，透過有限體積法，採用k-epsilon紊流模型，及VOF(Volume of Fluid)法，通過求解Navier-Stokes方程來實現數值造波的方法。本文通過UDF(User Define Function)程式碼實現了邊界造波方法、拍板造波方法。
實際的造波水槽在工程上，必須使用大量的人力，大量的金錢成本與時間成本來維持水槽的機械設備，並且在測量上也會產生許多測量不準確、數值測量上的不方便等問題。在傳統的數值水槽上，雖然使用勢流理論進行造波，避免流體上因物理黏滯性產生的誤差，其結果近似於理論解析，但其數值結果卻與實際的物理現象存在著黏性誤差結果。但使用黏性造波數值水槽進行模擬，將進而產生數值不穩定之現象，其原因為自由液面之波浪行為難收斂、自由液面網格數量不夠或者求解之時間步長過大等原因。
本文擬克服上述困難問題，並建構二維數值造波水槽與三維數值造波水槽，其三維數值造波水槽誤差介於10%以內，並將結構物置入三維數值造波水槽中進行船模波浪測試，其模擬結果符合實際物理現象及合理性。因此由文中數值算例再次證明，本文所建構之數值水槽具有準確性、快速性、穩定性。

In this thesis, the main propose is to generating a feasiblly numerical wave tank. We solved the problem which is combined with the Navier-Stokes equation on RANS equation, finite volume method, k-epsilon turblent model, and VOF(Volume of Fluid). Using the UDF(User Define Function) achieved the boundary type wave method, and the plank type wave method.
In actual, wave tank needs lots of labor costs, money costs, and time costs to keep the machine well. Furthermore, it would have trouble in gauging accurately, and conveniently. In traditional numerical tank, although they make wave basing on potential flow to avoid the error from physical viscosity. The result is similar to analytical solution, but it is different to actual phenomenon by viscosity. Moreover, using viscosity to simulate numerical tank would cause the unstable numerical, because of the difficult in converging at free surface, and the quantity of grid at free surface being not enough, etc.
In this thesis, in order to overcome above problems, we use to simulate wave phenomenon by 2D and 3D wave tank. From 3D tank, we obtained the relative error which is small than 10%; Further, we use to simulate the ship model test by this one under large wave. From numerical results, we can obtain accurate and stable numerical results correspond the actual phenomenon Hence, we successfully apply CFD to obtain stable and accurate wave tank.

謝辭
摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
目錄 III
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 VIII
符號對照表 IX
第一章緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 動機與目的 2
1.3文獻回顧 2
1.4本文架構 4
第二章理論基礎 6
2.1控制方程 6
2.1.1 質量守恆方程 6
2.1.2 動量守恆方程 6
2.2 紊流模型方程 7
2.2.1 紊流模型 8
2.3自由液面處理方法 10
2.4初始條件和邊界條件 12
2.5 近壁處理 13
2.6求解方法 14
2.7 網格技術 15
第三章波浪理論 19
3.1造波方法 19
3.1.1拍板式造波理論 19
3.1.2邊界式造波理論 20
3.1.3 消波區理論 20
3.2二階 Stokes 波理論 21
3.3水槽模型 23
3.3.1拍板式造波模型與邊界條件 23
3.3.2邊界式造波模型與邊界條件 23
3.4網格劃分 25
3.4.1拍板式造波網格示意圖 25
3.4.2邊界式造波網格示意圖 27
3.5數值結果與驗證解析 27
3.5.1拍板式造波數值結果 27
3.5.2邊界式造波數值結果 32
3.5.3 小結 35
第四章三維數值造波水槽之模擬 36
4.1三維造波水槽水槽模型 36
4.1.1三維模型概念 36
4.1.2三維模型與邊界條件 36
4.2三維造波水槽網格劃分 38
4.3三維造波水槽與波浪參數 38
4.4 數值結果與驗證解析 39
4.5 船體結構應用於數值水槽 45
4.5.1 計算模型與邊界條件 45
4.5.2 算例網格劃分 49
4.5.3 一倍波長之波高 50
4.5.4 阻力系數數值結果與討論 50
第五章結論與未來展望 54
參考文獻 56

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