臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

台灣地區山坡地多且擁有許多坡度陡峭的坡地，而這些不飽和的邊坡受到降雨等影響後，水分的入滲導致基質吸力損失，使得剪切強度降低，進而引發後續邊坡穩定的問題。本研究以數值分析方法探討不飽和邊坡受降雨影響後的入滲狀況與失穩機制，並通過耦合固體力學方程式與滲流偏微分耦合方程式，結合了不飽和邊坡的土體變化與降雨入滲的水文特性，再利用案例驗證其分析軟體的可行性。模擬邊坡穩定性過程中以剪切強度折減法求得安全係數，再探討不同的坡高、坡度、地下水位面及彈性模數對邊坡穩定性的影響，最後根據設計案例求出臨界體積含水量與潛勢滑動面進行探討。

Taiwan has many hillsides and many slopes with steep slopes. When these unsaturated slopes are affected by rainfall, the infiltration of water leads to loss of matric suction, which causes the shear strength to decrease and, in turn, leads to the subsequent slope instability. In this study, numerical analysis is used to investigate the infiltration and the instability mechanism of unsaturated slopes affected by rainfall, Through the coupling of solid mechanics equation and the seepage governing equation together with the soil characteristics of the unsaturated soil and the hydrological characteristics of rainfall, stability of unsaturated soil slope is modeled. The safety factor is obtained by shear strength reduction method. The effects of different slope height, slope angle, groundwater level and elastic modulus on slope stability are also discussed. Finally, the critical volumetric water content and the potential sliding surface are obtained to inspect their possible correlation.

摘要 i
Abstract ii
誌謝 iii
目錄 iv
表目錄 vii
圖目錄 ix
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究動機及目的 1
1.3研究方法與研究架構 2
第二章 文獻回顧 5
2.1 不飽和土壤特性 5
2.1.1 不飽和土壤 5
2.1.2 不飽和土壤之基質吸力 6
2.1.3 土壤水分特徵曲線 7
2.1.4 儲水方程式 10
2.1.5 水力傳導方程式 13
2.1.6 不飽和土壤之應力狀態 14
2.1.7 不飽和土壤之體積變化與應變關係 17
2.1.8 不飽和土壤結構關係 18
2.1.9 不飽和土壤壓縮性與液相(水)組合關係 21
2.1.10 不飽和土壤之滲流理論 26
2.1.11 不飽和土壤三維流固耦合方程 28
2.2 降雨入滲對邊坡之影響 29
2.2.1 降雨入滲對土壤水文特性及地下水位之影響 29
2.2.2 降雨入滲之邊界條件 37
2.3 不飽和土壤之剪切強度 38
2.3.1 飽和土壤剪切強度 38
2.3.2 不飽和土壤剪切強度 38
2.3.3 剪切強度折減法 40
2.3.4 邊坡破壞的判別方法 41
2.4 不飽和土體之彈性模數與柏松比 41
2.4.1 不飽和土體之彈性模數 41
2.4.2 柏松比 42
2.5 臨界體積含水量(Critical Volumetric Water Content) 45
第三章 數值分析與驗證 47
3.1 前言 47
3.2 固體力學模組 47
3.2.1 莫爾庫倫準則(Mohr-Coulomb criterion) 49
3.3 滲流偏微分耦合方程式 50
3.4 邊界條件 51
3.5 數值分析之驗證 52
3.5.1 有效應力驗證 52
3.5.2 有限邊坡不飽和滲流驗證 59
第四章 數值分析結果與討論 67
4.1 案例背景 67
4.2 邊坡耦合分析 71
4.3 邊坡穩定性分析 78
4.3.1 邊坡穩定分析模式之假設 78
4.3.2 剪切強度折減法 78
4.4 不同條件下對於不飽和邊坡穩定性之影響 79
4.4.1 坡高對於不飽和邊坡穩定性之影響 80
4.4.2 坡度對於不飽和邊坡穩定性之影響 91
4.4.3 地下水位面對於不飽和邊坡穩定性之影響 101
4.4.4 彈性模數對於不飽和邊坡穩定性之影響 112
第五章 邊坡穩定性與臨界體積含水量之關係 115
5.1 不同降雨條件下穩定性之探討 115
5.2 邊坡破壞時臨界體積含水量之探討 119
5.2.1 設計案例中臨界體積含水量與位移旋度的關係 119
5.2.2 潛勢滑動面與臨界體積含水量的關係 129
5.2.3 降雨強度與臨界體積含水量間的關係 134
5.3 邊坡段之平均臨界體積含水量 136
第六章 結論與建議 143
6.1 結論 143
6.2 建議 144
參考文獻 146

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