臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究目的在探討以POE為多元識讀教學策略中之效能學習，並尋求對於高層次學習與學習阻礙的瞭解，以覺察出識讀課程中可提升更具效能的學習。採行動研究設計，研究對象為新竹市舞蹈班42位五、六年級學生。班級行動研究以多元方式執行，包括老師的提問、觀察、訪談、學習日記與學習檔案分析，整合在實行效能學習過程中評估學生的學習表現。本研究採行更精確的質性與量化並用分析。
主要研究結果如下:
1. POE策略有效的鷹架學生在多元識讀中的學習，深具影響性地促進與挑戰學生的思考於變動學生的成就趨向正面的方向。

2.多元識讀學習中以POE為策略，證實對高層次學習者延伸深度思考。學習者主動駕馭學習過程中檢視其意涵、調整學習策略與監控自我的學習。

3.產生學習阻礙的學生，對於學習意圖少有洞悉自己的學習能力與修正自己對學習的努力。他們缺乏自我調整與行動取向參與在自己的學習過程。因此老師需採行同儕合作學習作為促進學習表現的因應策略。

4.高層次學習者，具有來自視覺思考與觀察的敏銳描述。他們能夠克服困難並著手尋求學習過程中的方法。特別是，進行在多元識讀中以POE為策略，他們能整合豐富的自我提問與分析而成為最佳策略以完成學習。

5.對於不同階層學習表現，有效教學法含括學習者不同需求。對於高層次學習者，可成為協同學習的領導角色與進行行動學習。相對於避免學習阻礙的產生，需要建構先備知識，鷹架學習與省思學習過程。同時要求學生增加對學習的自我覺察，面對與克服學習的阻礙。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors of effective learning using a POE-based strategy in multi-literacy and sought the understanding for high-level learning and hindrances of learning to appreciate about promoting more effective learning in literacy curriculum. The study was conducted by action research design and the participants included 42 pupils (sixth-grade & fifth-grade) who have talent with dance skills in primary school in Hsinchu City. Class action research was conducted with multiple methods including the teacher’s questioning, observations, interviews, learning journal and learning portfolio analysis, combining with assessments of pupils’ academic performance through the effective learning process. Both qualitative and quantitative instruments were used which might be analyzed more precisely. The major results of this study were as follow:

1.The POE strategy effective scaffolding pupils’ learning in multi-literacy, influentially fostered and challenged pupils’ thinking to shift their achievement trajectories in positive directions.

2.Multi-literacy learning tasks demonstrated extending deeper thinking for high-level learners using a POE-strategy. They actively drove the learning procedures to examine implications, orchestrated the learning strategies and oversaw their own learning.

3.The learners who emerged hindrances to learning had little insight into their own ability to learn intentionally and revised their own learning efforts. They were deficient self-regulated and behaviorally active participated in their own learning processes. Thus, teacher needed to adopt the peer group cooperation as a resource for promoting learning performance.

4.High-level learners had delicate description from visual thinking and observation. They could negotiate the puzzle and initiate seeking approach in the learning process. Especially, they generated plenty self-questioning and analyzed the best strategy, and then completed the tasks using a POE strategy in multi-literacy.

5.With different level performance, effective pedagogies embraced to take the diverse needs of range of learners. With high-level learners, the worth modeling are collaborative leadership and action learning. Comparatively, avoiding hindrance of learning, it needs to build prior knowledge, scaffolding learning and reflect on their learning processes. Simultaneously, pupils required to increase awareness of their own learning, faced and overcame their obstacle with learning.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CONTENTS i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vii
ABSTRACT (Chinese) viii
ABSTRACT ix
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Motivation and purpose of the study 1
1.2 Research questions 7
1.3 Significance of the study 8
1.4 Definition of terms 9
CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 10
2.1 Understanding and enhancing effective learning. 10
2.1.1 Conceptions of effective learning. .11
2.1.2 Promoting self-directed learners. .12
2.2 Raising learners self-awareness to improve ‘ learning about learning’ .16
2.2.1 Self-regulated learning and Self-efficacy .16
2.2.2 Meta-learning and Reflection .19
2.3 Extending reading and writing capabilities through multi-literacy .22
2.3.1 Supporting learning environment through multi-literacy .22
2.3.2 Multi-literacy as a bridge for reading and writing 24
2.4 Challenging pupils’ thinking through a POE strategy 27
2.4.1 Expanding pupils’ visual literacy experiences through wordless animated short films 27
2.4.2 Implement a POE strategy to create effective learning 31
2.5 Summary 33
CHAPTER THREE METHODOLOGY 34
3.1 The rationale for action research 34
3.2 Research Design 34
3.3 Participants 36
3.4 Research Materials and Instruments 36
3.4.1 Digital picture books 36
3.4.2 Animated film 37
3.4.3 Wordless animated short films 37
3.4.4 Instruments 39
3.5 Data Collection Procedure 41
3.6 Data Analysis 45
3.7 Merits and Limitations of this Action Research 45
CHAPTER FOUR ANALYSES AND FINDINGS 47
4.1 Results 1: What underlying facts cause the factors of high-level learning and hindrances to learning through a POE-based strategy in multi-literacy? 47
4.1.1 Introduction 48
4.1.2 Pupils’ narrative reading and writing using a POE-based strategy in multi-literacy 48
4.1.3 Descriptive Statistics of Pupils’ narrative reading and writing performance using a POE-based strategy 48
4.1.4 The Percentile rank distinguished high level and hindrances to learning with narrative reading and writing performance 50
4.1.5 The narrative writing performance of high level learning and hindrances to learning in multi-literacy 51
4.1.6 The teacher’s evaluation from observation on literacy learning process 54
4.1.7 Teaching Reflective 55
4.2 Results 2: What occurs in the learning processes that can shift pupils’achievement trajectories in positive directions. 57
4.2.1 Introduction 57
4.2.2 Questioning to improve ‘Learning and Thinking’ 58
4.2.3 Questioning to extend pupils’ thinking about ‘learning how to learn’ 68
4.2.4 Teaching Reflective 76
4.3 Results 3: How effective learning can be supported and promoted through learners’ experiences in multi-literacy? 78
4.3.1Introduction 78
4.3.2 Findings from Pupils’ Interviews 78
4.3.3 Pupils’ Metacognitive Worksheet 82
4.3.4 Pupils’ Self- assessment of Story Writing 92
4.3.5 Pupils’ Learning Journal 94
4.3.6 Teaching Reflective 102
CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUSION 105
5.1 Introduction 105
5.2 The Rationale for exploring effective learning using a POE-based strategy in multi-literacy in this study. 105
5.3 Results from Responses to Three Research Questions .106
5.3.1 Responses to Research Question One: What did underlying facts cause the factors of high-level learning and hindrances to learning through a POE-based strategy in multi-literacy? 106
5.3.2 Responses to Research Question Two: What did occur in the learning processes that can shift pupils’ achievement trajectories in positive directions? 107
5.3.3 Responses to Research Question Three: How did effective learning can be supported and promoted through learners’ experiences in multi-literacy? 108
5.4 Review of Research Findings .110
5.5 Implications for Practice. 111
5.6 Limitations of this study .112
5.7 Concluding Remarks. 113
APPENDICES 115
Appendix A: Literacy Lesson Plan 1. 115
Appendix A.1. Story Map .120
Appendix B: Reading-Writing Interviews .122
Appendix B.1. .閱讀與寫作訪談 123
Appendix C:識讀課程計畫流程圖 124
Appendix C.1. Literacy Lesson Plan 2 .125
Appendix C.2.識讀課程計畫2 .135
Appendix D: Questioning to extend pupil’s thinking about a story 144
Appendix E: The POE Strategy Analytic Rubric 146
Appendix E.1. The Rubric for Assessing Pupils’ POE strategy in Multi-literacy (Grade 6) 148
Appendix E.2. The Rubric for Assessing Pupils’ POE Strategy in Multi-literacy (Grade 5) 151
Appendix F: Percentile Rank of pupils’ narrative reading and writing performance .156
Appendix G: Narrative Writing Analytic Rubric 156
Appendix G.1.敘事寫作評分表 157
Appendix G.2.敘事寫作評分統計表 158
Appendix H: Learning Skills Rubric with Links to Literacy Learning Expectations
Appendix H.1.連結識讀學習期待學習技巧評分表 164
Appendix H.2.連結識讀學習期待學習技巧評分統計表 166
Appendix H.3.The outcome of learning skills with links to literacy learning expectations. 167
Appendix I: BLOOM’S TAXONOMY: Questioning to extend pupils’ thinking 167
Appendix I.1.透過提問擴展學生對故事 169
Appendix I.2. Pupils’ respond from “Questioning to extend pupils’ thinking”
Appendix J: Questioning to extend pupils’ thinking about ‘learning how to learn’
Appendix K: Metacognitive Worksheet 181
Appendix L: Understanding Pupils’ narrative experience in multi-literacy 182
Appendix M: The statistic of understanding Pupils’ narrative experience in multi-literacy 193
Appendix N: Self-assessment: Story Writing Rubric 195
Appendix N.1.自我評量:故事寫作評分表 95
Appendix N.2. The statistic of Story Writing Self-assessment 196
Appendix O: My learning Journal 197
Appendix O.1.我的學習日記 198
Appendix P: Rubric for pupil Reflection 199
Appendix P.1. Pupils’ learning Journal 199
Appendix P.2.The statistic of reflection journal 209
Appendix P.3. The statistic of reflection journal average 210
REFERENCES 211







List of Tables
Table 3.1 Digital picture books for narrative reading and writing 37
Table 3.2 Animated films for narrative reading and writing 37
Table 3.3 Wordless animated short films for narrative reading and writing 38
Table 3.4 The timetable of action research 45
Table 4.1 The percentage of pupils’ narrative reading and writing performance (Grade 6) 49
Table 4.2 The percentage of pupils’ narrative reading and writing performance(Grade 5) 50
Table 4.3 A percentile rank: Above 85 & Below15 51
Table 4.4 The statistics of narrative writing making progress in multi-literacy(G6) 52
Table 4.5 The statistics of narrative writing making progress in multi-literacy(G5) 53
Table 4.6 The percentage of pupils’ learning skills from high-level learning and hindrances to learning(G5&G6) 55
Table 4.7 Pupils’ responses to ‘Bloom’s Taxonomy questioning’ about observation in wordless animated short film 59
Table 4.8 Responses from pupils’ thinking about ‘learning how to learn’ 69
Table 4.9 Findings from pupils interviews. 79
Table 4.10 Meta-learning from pupils’ narrative writing experiences in multi-literacy 83
Table 4.11The percentage from pupils described awareness of learning experiences 92
Table 4.12 Pupils’ learning journal in wordless animated short film 94
Table 4.13 The Statistic of Pupils’ Learning Journal 101





List of figures
Figure 1.1 Meta-learning as an additional cycle in learning 3
Figure 1.2 Model of POE Strategy 5
Figure 3.1 The Action Research Process 35
Figure 3.2 Action Research Phase1 to Phase2 41
Figure 3.3 A Diagram of the Research Process: Phase 1 42
Figure 3.4 A Diagram of the Research Process: Phase2 43
Figure 4.1 Descriptive Statistics of Pupils’ Performance on Narrative Reading and Writing using a POE-based Strategy (Grade 6) 49
Figure 4.2 Descriptive Statistics of Pupils’ Performance on Narrative Reading and Writing using a POE-based Strategy (Grade 5) 50
Figure 4.3 The narrative writing performance of high level learning and hindrances to learning in digital picture books and animated films(Grade 6) 52
Figure 4.4 The narrative writing performance of high level learning and hindrances to learning in digital picture books and animated films(Grade 5) 53
Figure 4.5 Descriptive Statistics of learning skills from learners who were high-level learning and hindrances to learning 54
Figure 4.6 Pupils described awareness of learning experiences 92
Figure 4.7 Pupils’ Self- assessment of Story Writing 93
Figure 4.8 Pupils’ Learning Journal 102
Figure 4.9 The finding of Action Research from phase 1 to phase 2 104

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