臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究嘗試建構一套，實驗室級規格之循序批分式薄膜生物反應槽（SBMBR），以處理化糞池出流水。實驗於固定污泥停留時間為20天及水力停留時間為6小時等條件下進行，藉以研究薄膜阻塞程度、SBMBR反應槽中微生物濃度之變化、與系統操作條件下出流水之水質變化等情形。
本研究分三個階段進行，反應槽之有效體積為12L。第一與第二階段為好氧薄膜生物反應槽之馴養期與穩定期，槽中污泥濃度約為4000 mg/L，薄膜抽停時間為每抽5分鐘停1分鐘，第三階段則為循序批分式薄膜生物反應槽（SBMBR），操作程序分別為進水15分鐘、曝氣90分鐘、攪拌90分鐘、靜置105分鐘、出流60分鐘，污泥濃度約為3510 mg/L。藉此三階段操作程序之進行，以瞭解化糞池出流水中污染物降解指標變化之情形，並評估本實驗室薄膜生物反應系統之處理成效。結果顯示，第一與第二階段SS、濁度、真色色度平均最佳去除率分別為95.72%、97.35%與36.69%。而於第三階段SS、濁度、真色色度平均最佳去除率則為91.41%、91.51%與40.18%。
研究中並於0 g/L、0.125 g/L、0.5 g/L、0.75 g/L、1.5 g/L、3 g/L不同粉狀活性碳濃度之添加下，利用修正積垢指數（MFI）設備，進行MBR槽中污泥阻塞程度之研究。
結果顯示，PAC最佳添加劑量為0.75 g/L，於第一與第二階段未添加時，MFI值最高達0.9798，添加後MFI值降低至0.0052，而第三階段未添加PAC時，MFI值最高達0.1769，添加後MFI值則降低至0.0038，此顯示添加粉狀活性碳可降低薄膜快速阻塞之情形。

This study aimed at the effluent sewage treatment of septic tank by a laboratory-scale sequential batch reactor biological membrane fractions (SBMBR), focus to explore the film blocking degree various of SBMBR, microbial concentration various in SBMBR system, and water quality changes in system outflow process. The SRT and HRT of this study were controlled at 20 days and 6 hrs.

Three phase experiments had conducted in this study. The effective volume of MBR reactor was 12L. Phase I and phase II were domestication period and stable period. The sludge concentration in MBR reactor were controlled around 4000 mg L-1 and that 1 min pumping stop time had inserted in each 5 min reaction time for film of MBR. The conditions in phase III (which namely sequential batch reactor biological membrane fractions (SBMBR)) had fixed water inflow time, aeration time, stirring time, standing time, water outflow time, sludge concentration at 15 min, 90 min, 90 min, 105 min, 60 min and 3510 mg L-1, respectively. The system was purpose a to collect the contaminant degrade index of effluent sewage in septic tank and evaluate the treatment efficiency to this SBMBR system for our laboratory. The result showed that average optimal removal efficiencies of suspension solid (SS), turbidity, true-color in phase I and II stages ware 95.72%, 97.35% and 36.69 %, respectively. However 91.41%, 91.51 % and 40.18% had attained in phase III stage.

In addition, the modified fouling index (Modified Fouling Index, MFI) instrument had used in this study to realize the sludge blocking condition in MBR tank. Powder activated carbon (PAC) concentration of 0 g L-1, 0.125 g L-1, 0.5 g L-1, 0.75 g L-1, 1.5 g L-1and 3 g L-1 were conducted to this study. Result showed that the optimal dosage of PAC in MFI test was 0.75 g L-1. While PAC had non-existed in phase I and II stages, the MFI value could higher to 0.9798, but decrease to 0.0052 after PAC had added. Simultaneously, 0.1769 and 0.0038 MFI values in phase III could attained at PAC added before and after experiment proceed. This result indicated that PAC could decrease rapid blocking of the film in MBR system.

目錄
摘要 I
ABSTRACT III
目錄 V
圖目錄 IX
表目錄 XIII
第一章 前言 1
1-1 研究起源 1
1-2 研究內容及目的 2
第二章 文獻回顧 3
2-1 目標污染物介紹 3
2-1-1 化糞池處理介紹 3
2-1-2 化糞出流水來源與污染現況 3
2-1-3 化糞出流水處理方法 4
2-2薄膜單元 5
2-2-1 薄膜技術與種類 5
2-2-2 薄膜組件型式 8
2-2-3薄膜材質種類介紹 12
2-2-4薄膜過濾方式 12
2-2-5 薄膜生物反應槽之運用 14
2-3 薄膜生物反應槽 15
2-3-1薄膜生物反應槽技術分類 15
2-3-2 薄膜生物反應技術之特色 20
2-3-3 循序批分式程序 24
2-4薄膜生物反應技術之限制 25
2-4-1 薄膜阻塞之原因 25
2-4-2 化學清洗問題 27
2-5活性碳介紹 28
2-5-1活性碳理化特性介紹 28
2-5-2 活性碳種類介紹 29
第三章 實驗方法與設備 31
3-1 實驗方法 31
3-2 反應槽設計 33
3-3 薄膜選定與組裝 36
3-4 MBR系統 38
3-5 薄膜清洗 40
3-6 廢水來源 40
3-6-1 廢水的取得 40
3-6-2 廢水水質特性 41
3-7水質檢驗方法 42
3-7-1 分析項目 42
3-7-2 修正積垢指數檢測方法 43
3-8 研究設備 46
3-9 藥品 47
3-10分析方法 48
3-10-1 SEM之前處理 48
3-10-2 SEM/EDS分析 48
第四章 結果與討論 50
4-1 化糞池出流水性質 50
4-2 水質監測結果 51
4-2-1 pH值 51
4-2-2 溶氧（DO） 53
4-2-3 溫度 56
4-2-4 氧化還原電位（ORP） 58
4-2-5 濁度 61
4-2-6 鹼度 62
4-2-7 真色色度 63
4-2-8 懸浮固體物（SS） 65
4-3 系統微生物變化 67
4-4 流通量與過膜壓力之變化 69
4-5 MFI分析結果 71
4-5-1 MLSS與MFI值之相互關係 71
4-5-2 添加粉狀活性碳對薄膜阻塞之影響 72
4-5-3 更換薄膜前後對MFI之影響 79
4-6 薄膜SEM/EDS分析結果 81
第五章 結論 88
5-1 結論 88
5-2 建議 89
參考文獻 90

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