臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

汽車，為現今社會不可缺少的必需品，隨著經濟發展，全球汽車擁有量增長迅速，統計至2014 年，全球汽車總數超過12 億輛，依據國際能源組織(IEA)估計，到2035 年時，全球汽車數量將會達到17 億輛的龐大規模；而隨著汽車的生命週期結束，約75%的汽車重量，主要是金屬部分，可以被回收再利用，其餘約25%的重量通常被認為無利用價值廢棄物，直接填埋於垃圾場；而汽車中俗稱的電瓶也就是鉛蓄電池，倘若未將達到產品生命週期的汽車之廢鉛蓄電池做妥善處理，將會對環境造成影響，因此國際間訂定了許多關於廢棄汽車回收的規範及法規，而台灣環保署對廢棄汽車之廢鉛蓄電池列為應回收項目。

本研究提及的泰銘實業股份有限公司，為台灣唯一取得回收補貼的廢鉛蓄電池處理廠商；泰銘實業股份有限公司使用熱處理法處理廢鉛蓄電池，經由拆解處理後可分成三大產出物：鉛錠、塑膠及廢酸液，鉛錠及塑膠可以經處理後做為原料販售，但廢酸液卻只能經由廢水處理設備處理後排放，故本研究想針對廢酸液的處理方式進行探討，參考國外對於廢鉛蓄電池的處理方法，對於不同處理方法產生的酸液種類各有不同且可供出售，如此一來，兼顧環境面及經濟面的改善，達到環保以及回收再利用之目的。

本研究想透過投資新設備及新技術的方法去改善酸液品質並了解其濃度與其產出物之交互關係，之後欲建構一個考慮雜質、失重率、製程變動處理成本以及增加投資的酸液品質改善模型，主要是希望能夠過模型來增加酸液之濃度，來提高其價值，以及減少製程變動處理成本，且供決策者做最佳設備投資方案以及製程之選擇，並且極大化回收處理商之利潤，讓回收處理商增加處理廢酸液之意願，最後，本研究選擇精煉熱處理法最為廠商最佳投資方案選擇。

Automobile, essential to society, with the development of economy, the totalnumber of global automobiles grew up rapidly, in 2014 year, the total global number of automobiles more than 1.2 billion; according to estimates by IEA ,the total global number of automobiles are expected to reach 1.7 billion.However, throughout
automobiles’ life cycle end, about 75 percent of end-of -life automobiles, mainly metals, are recyclable, the 25 percent of the end-of -life automobiles are considered
waste and generally goes to landfills. And if do not properly handle the lead-acid battery of end-of-life automobiles, it would impact the environment in several ways, therefore, there are some laws about recycling of end-of-life automobiles ,In Taiwan, the lead-acid battery of end-of-life automobiles is the must be recycled item.

The scrap lead-acid battery can be divided by three parts after the disassemble process. One is lead, another is plastic and the other is acid liquid, lead and plastic can be sold as material after the process but the acid liquid just be discard after the process. So, we wants to reference the technology of acid liquid process on other country, choose the foreign technology process, make acid liquid becomes valuable and can be sold on the market.

We wants to build the acid liquid quality improvement model which consider the impurities of output and the weight loss rate and the cost of process variable, and
understand the intersection relationship between the output and the concentration by investing new technology process and new equipment. Our goal is maximum the profit of the manufacturer by providing the best selection of technology process to add the acid liquid value by impurities reduction and reduce the cost of process
variable, therefore, it would be an incentive to manufacturer to recycle and reuse the scrap acid liquid; finally, the refining heat treatment is the best selection in this thesis.

目錄
摘要 ……………………………………………………………………… i
Abstract ……………………………………………………………………… ii
目錄 ……………………………………………………………………… iii
圖目錄 ……………………………………………………………………… v
表目錄 ……………………………………………………………………… vii
第一章 緒論………………………………………………………………… 1
1-1 研究背景與動機……………………………………………… 1
1-2 研究目的……………………………………………………… 2
1-3 研究範圍……………………………………………………… 3
1-4 研究流程與架構……………………………………………… 3
第二章 文獻探討…………………………………………………………… 5
2-1 汽車電池的種類與應用……………………………………… 5
2-1-1 鋰離子電池……………………………………………… 5
2-1-2 鎳氫電池………………………………………………… 5
2-1-3 鉛蓄電池………………………………………………… 6
2-2 鉛蓄電池國際間回收處理方式及其產出物處理方式……… 7
2-2-1 國際廢鉛蓄電池回收現況……………………………… 7
2-2-2 國際廢鉛蓄電池回收處理方式………………………… 8
2-2-3 國際廢酸液種類處理方式及用途……………………… 10
2-3 台灣廢鉛蓄電池回收處理方式及產出物價值……………… 12
2-3-1 台灣現行相關規範及廢鉛蓄電池回收制度…………… 12
2-3-2 台灣廢鉛蓄電池回收現況及廢鉛蓄電池回收處
理廠商處理流程………………………………………
14
2-3-3 回收處理廢鉛蓄電池之產出物用途及價值…………… 18
2-4 相關之文獻探討……………………………………………… 20
2-4-1 汽車回收概況及相關法規……………………………… 20
2-4-2 品質改善及投資決策…………………………………… 23
第三章 研究方法…………………………………………………………… 25
3-1 泰銘實業股份有限公司簡介………………………………… 25
3-2 問題描述……………………………………………………… 28
3-3 研究方法……………………………………………………… 29
3-4 模型基本假設及符號定義…………………………………… 30
3-5 廠商利潤極大化模型建構…………………………………… 31
3-5-1 廠商總成本函數………………………………………… 31
3-5-2 廠商總收益函數………………………………………… 31
3-5-3 廠商投資後利潤極大化函數…………………………… 32
3-6 酸液品質改善以及製程變動成本減少之投資函數………… 33
第四章 敏感度分析………………………………………………………… 35
4-1 參數設定……………………………………………………… 35
4-1-1 預期目標………………………………………………… 38
4-1-2 情境假設………………………………………………… 39
4-2 數值分析……………………………………………………… 40
4-2-1 投資前廠商總成本、總收益…………………………… 40
4-2-2 各技術下預期目標之廠商總成本、總收益、投
資成本以及利潤………………………………………
40
4-2-3 情境假設下廠商之總成本、總收益、投資成本以
及利潤…………………………………………………
44
4-3 小結…………………………………………………………… 44
4-4 敏感度分析…………………………………………………… 45
4-4-1 比較各產出物之參數對總收益、總成本及總利潤
之影響…………………………………………………
46
第五章 結論與未來方向…………………………………………………… 54
5-1 結論…………………………………………………………… 54
5-2 未來研究方向………………………………………………… 55

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