臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來因為物聯網(IoTs)的應用服務層出不窮，無線感測網路(WSN)有了重大的改變，IETF在IEEE802.15.14標準中的Network Layer與MAC Layer間加入6LoWPAN Adaptation Layer，此一適配層讓IPv6 Header得以進行適當的壓縮、分割以及重組，使得IPv6的封包能夠在以IEEE 802.15.4為底層架構的無線感測網路下傳輸。IPv6 over Low-power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPAN)即是無線感測網路中使用IPv6的解決方案之一，使無線感測網路中能夠使用IPv6定址，並達到在無線感測網路中全IP位址的目標。軟體定義網路(Software Defined Networks)是一種新型網路架構，分離傳統網路設備的Data Plane和Control Plane兩個功能模組，通過集中式的控制器(Controller)以標準化的介面對各種網路設備進行管理和配置。本論文的主要目的在於SDN網路環境下透過QoS機制管理從6LoWPAN進入IPv6網際網路的封包。利用Contiki作業系統搭配Zigduino無線感測網路嵌入式平台實際建構6LoWPAN網路環境，透過6LBR將無線感測節點所送出的IPv6 UDP封包傳送至SDN網路環境中，並在SDN網路環境中處理異質網路封包。由於跨越了無線感測網路與IPv6網際網路，本論文強調在SDN網路環境中分析End-to-End傳輸時間、封包遺失率以及傳輸量，進而評估在SDN環境中異質封包的效能。由實驗結果顯示，透過本論文中的QoS管理機制，在跨越異質網路的環境時能被正確的分級，並有效地降低封包遺失率進而達到比較好的傳輸量。

Recently, the applications of Internet of Things (IoTs) are growing rapidly. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) becomes an emerging technology to provide the low power wireless connectivity for Internet of Things. The IPv6 over low-power wireless personal area networks (6LoWPAN) has been proposed by IETF, which give each WSN device an IPv6 address to connect with the Internet. It is a possibility of congestion of IoTs when a large number of sensors are deployed in the field. However, it is necessary to consider whether the devices of WSNs should be completely integrated into the Internet with proper QoS requirements. The Software Defined Network (SDN) is a new architecture of network decoupling of the data and control planes, and the use of logical centralized control to manage the forwarding problem in large scale networks. In this research, the SDN-based 6LoWPAN Border Router (6LBR) has been proposed for the integration between WSNs and Internet. The proposed SDN-based 6LBR is communicated between WSNs and the Internet has therefore brought forward the requirements of an end-to-end quality of service (QoS) bandwidth guarantee. Based on our experimental results, it is observed that the selected 6LoWPAN traffic flows achieve lower packet drop rate in the Internet, hence indicating that the 6LoWPAN traffic flows can be classified by SDN-based 6LBR and reserved the required bandwidth in the Internet to ensure the 6LoWPAN flows can meet the QoS requirements.

摘要 I
Abstract II
目錄 III
表目錄 VI
圖目錄 VII

第一章簡介 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 論文架構 3

第二章文獻探討 5
2.1 IEEE 802.15.4與6LoWPAN 5
2.2軟體定義網路與OpenFlow 10
2.3 6LoWPAN Border Router 13
2.4 OpenFlow中QoS機制之研究 14

第三章以SDN-based 6LoWPAN Border Router連接無線感測網路與IPv6網際網路 17
3.1無線感測網路環境 17
3.1.1 Contiki作業系統 18
3.1.2無線感測節點—Zigduino 19
3.2利用OpenWRT及無線感測節點建立6LoWPAN Border Router 20
3.2.1 OpenWRT使用設備介紹 20
3.2.2 6LoWPAN Border Router架構分析 20
3.3佈建可經由軟體定義網路控制的網路架構 21
3.3.1外部控制器‐RYU Controller 21
3.3.2支援OpenFlow協定之Open vSwitch於OpenWrt平台上 22
3.3.3建立軟體定義網路之環境 23
3.4在SDN環境下透過OpenFlow協定評估6LoWPAN封包之辨識與轉發之能力 24
3.4.1實驗架構 24
3.4.2實驗結果與結論 25

第四章在OpenFlow環境下評估單一節點傳輸效能及延伸QoS Tag至IPv6網際網路 29
4.1 實驗環境建立之前置方法相關說明 29
4.1.1 6LoWPAN封包之格式 29
4.1.2背景資料流之定義與實現實驗架構 31
4.1.3建立QoS機制並定義QoS Tag 33
4.1.4延伸QoS Tag至SDN-based IPv6網際網路中 35
4.2實驗結果分析 38
4.2.1單一無線感測節點在無背景資料流且無具備QoS機制環境中進行IPv6 UDP封包傳輸分析 38
4.2.2單一無線感測節點在無背景資料流且具備QoS機制環境中進行IPv6 UDP封包傳輸分析 41
4.2.3單一無線感測節點在有背景資料流且無具備QoS機制環境中進行IPv6 UDP封包傳輸分析 43
4.2.4單一無線感測節點在有背景資料流且具備QoS機制環境中進行IPv6 UDP封包傳輸分析 46
4.2.5四種環境量測結果之總合比較 48
4.3結論 49

第五章在OpenFlow環境下評估多個節點傳輸效能及延伸QoS Tag至IPv6網際網路 51
5.1實驗環境建置 51
5.1.1 實驗架構與流程 51
5.1.2改善6LoWPAN Border Router之Bottleneck 54
5.2實驗結果分析 58
5.2.1多個無線感測節點在無背景資料流且無具備QoS機制環境中進行IPv6 UDP封包傳輸分析 58
5.2.2多個無線感測節點在無背景資料流且具備QoS機制環境中進行IPv6 UDP封包傳輸分析 60
5.2.3多個無線感測節點在有背景資料流且無具備QoS機制環境中進行IPv6 UDP封包傳輸分析 62
5.2.4多個無線感測節點在有背景資料流且具備QoS機制環境中進行IPv6 UDP封包傳輸分析 64
5.2.5四種環境量測結果 66
5.3結論 66

第六章結論與未來研究方向 68

參考文獻 70

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