臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

世界各國對於交通工具所制定的污染法規越來越嚴苛，汽車須加裝車上診斷(on board diagnostic, OBD)系統，在污染排放超出標準之前，事先偵測出元件的劣化或故障情形，並告知車主應進行維修保養，以確保車輛的污染排放合乎標準。然而，現階段機車並未被要求須具有OBD系統的功能，但依照歐盟執委會(European Commission, EC)最新立法的提案，在2017年實施的機車Euro 5排放法規，將強制要求機車配備OBD系統，以降低劣化或故障元件的過度污染排放。
由於汽車OBD系統發展的技術已相當成熟，但是多缸的汽車引擎與單缸的機車引擎運轉條件並不一樣，所以無法直接應用到機車上。本論文根據單缸機車引擎發生點火失效時，造成動力行程轉速明顯下降之特性，利用引擎動力行程的瞬時轉速與平均轉速之關係，監測引擎是否有發生點火失效，避免點火失效導致觸媒損毀及排放出過量的污染物。
本論文亦建立一點火失效產生器，在各種不同的運轉條件下，提供引擎指定的點火失效比率。本論文發展的點火失效診斷策略，於實車怠速運轉的點火失效偵測率為100 %，定速50 km/h空載的點火失效偵測率為100 %，而定速50 km/h有負載(ECE-40行駛條件)的點火失效偵測率為99 %。

Because the emission regulations become more severe around the world, the automobiles must be equipped with on-board diagnosis (OBD) system which could detect the malfunctions or deteriorations before exceeding the emission standards and then inform the driver about maintenance as soon as possible. It’s unnecessary that motorcycles are demanded to equip with OBD system at present phase, however, the Euro 5 emission regulations which are performed in 2017 for motorcycles follow the European Commission (EC) legislative proposals, they would compel the motorcycles to have the OBD equipment for reducing the serious exhaust emission due to malfunctions or deteriorations.
The OBD technologies on automobile have developed for a long time, it could not be carried out on motorcycle directly since the specifications are different between vehicles and motorcycles. In this research, to follow the characteristic of crankshaft dynamic for developing motorcycle’s misfire detection strategy. If engine occurred misfire, the crankshaft dynamic would lead to serious variation during power stroke, so those results can be determined that engine are situating misfire. The misfire generator also is established for providing specific misfire rate at different engine conditions. The misfire detection strategy which be developed on motorcycle is able to detect accurately misfire event at idle and without load at 50 km/h , the 99 percent detection can be achieved with load at 50 km/h.

中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
誌 謝 iv
目 錄 v
表目錄 viii
圖目錄 ix
第一章 前言 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 OBD系統介紹 7
1.3 汽車點火失效規範 11
1.4 文獻回顧 14
1.4.1 曲軸速度變化 15
1.4.2 火星塞離子流 18
1.4.3 汽缸壓力 20
1.4.4 排氣壓力 21
1.4.5 排氣管內含氧量 22
1.5 研究目地與方法 24
1.6 本文章節與架構 24
第二章 點火失效診斷策略 25
2.1 曲軸旋轉動態之特性 25
2.2 點火失效診斷策略 27
2.2.1 行程判別策略 28
2.2.2 動力行程轉速變化之診斷策略發展 30
2.2.3 點火失效門檻值 35
2.2.4 點火失效不偵測時機 35
2.2.5 點火失效驗證 36
第三章 實驗設備與系統架構 37
3.1 實驗機車 37
3.1.1 節氣門位置感知器 38
3.1.2 進氣溫度及壓力感知器 39
3.1.3 霍爾感知器(Hall sensor) 40
3.1.4 原廠診斷儀器 41
3.2 量測設備 41
3.2.1 底盤動力計 41
3.2.2 汽缸壓力量測系統 44
3.3 策略發展系統 47
3.3.1 Mototron系統 47
3.3.2 數位訊號處理控制器 51
3.3.3 引擎模型 53
3.3.4 點火失效產生器 54
第四章 結果與討論 61
4.1 行程判別之結果 61
4.2 動力行程轉速變化探討之結果 61
4.2.1 引擎正常運轉 62
4.2.2 引擎點火失效運轉 64
4.3 診斷策略驗證之結果 68
4.4 診斷策略統計之結果 82
4.5 機車OBD系統應用之評估 86
第五章 結論與未來展望 87
5.1 結論 87
5.2 未來展望 88
參考文獻 90
符號彙編 93
著作發表 94

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