臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究自 19 種精油進行抑菌效果的篩選，且透過不同的精油組合後，確認適合的精油抑菌劑組合配方，並進行化粧品微生物試驗防腐系統
效果之評估，並進一步評估產品刺激性及穩定性。
利用紙錠擴散法 (Disk-diffusion method) 對 19 種精油及四種市售天然抑菌劑進行篩選，檢測對於大腸桿菌的抑制活性，結果發現部份精油具
有明顯抑制圈為精油 A、B、C、D、E、F；而四種市售天然抑菌劑甲、乙、丙、丁，其中只有抑菌劑甲具明顯抑制效果。由篩選後具有抑制效能之精
油以兩種以上不同的精油及濃度進行組合，另一方面也將精油組合搭配抑菌劑甲，利用紙錠擴散法進行分析篩選具有加乘效用的精油組合，結果發
現 A、D、E 精油與市售天然抑菌劑甲組合表現出具有加乘效用。以 10、40 及 70 倍稀釋進行最小抑制濃度測試 (minimum inhibitory
concentration：MIC)，結果顯示三種配方對於大腸桿菌，具有抑制效能。以大腸桿菌 (Escherichia coli)、綠膿桿菌 (Pseudomonas aeruginosa)、金黃色葡萄球菌 (Staphylococcus aureus)、酵母菌 (Yeast) 及環境菌 (空間落菌) 五種菌進行微生物抑菌測試，並將天然精油抑菌劑配方之濃度比例調整為0.50% 作為使用添加量，添加在化粧水、面膜精華液及洗劑液三種化粧產品配方中，結果證實天然精油抑菌劑在產品中對於五種菌皆具有抑制作用。而在皮膚刺激性測試方面，經貼片試驗 30 分鐘後證實並無紅斑及過敏之反應，同時在產品穩定性方面，在外觀顏色與氣味上也無明顯之差異性。
由研究結果證實，天然精油抑菌劑在濃度 0.50% 添加量使用下是具有抑制效能，未來將可應用於化粧品產品配方中之防腐劑使用，且具有取代性價值。

This study from 19 kinds of essential oils antibacterial effects of werescreened, based on synergistic combinations of different essential oils, determine the appropriate combination of essential oils antimicrobial agent formulations,And microbiological testing of cosmetics preservative systems impact assessment,
as well as product stability testing irritation and further evaluation.
Use of paper disk-diffusion method on 19 kinds of essential oils and four commercially available, for detection of the inhibitory activity of Escherichia coli .The results showed that most of the essential oil is a clear zone of inhibition of essential oils A, B, C, D, E, F; Four kinds of commercially available natural
antibacterial agent a,b,c,d, where a has only inhibit antimicrobial efficacy.
After screened by inhibit efficacy of essential oils and essential oils with different concentrations of a combination of two or more, the other hand also combination of essential oils with antibacterial agents a, use of paper disk-diffusion method screened essential oils in combination with a synergistic effect, the results showed that A, D, E and essential oils commercially available natural antibacterial agent a combination shown to have synergistic effects.10, 40, and 70 fold dilution to be minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)measured, The results showed that three formulations for E. coli, are presented inhibit the effectiveness. Based on E. coli, P.aeruginosa, S.aureus, yeast and environmental bacteria (space colony bacteria) five kinds of bacteria inhibition test,the proportion natural essential oils antimicrobial formulations of concentration
of 0.50% as the use of the added to the three kinds of cosmetic product formulations for toner, serum mask and Cleaning solution, the results confirm natural essential oils antibacterial agent in products for five kinds of bacteria are inhibited.on the other hand skin irritation test, patch test 30 minutes after no confirmed erythema and allergic reactions, While the stability of the product on the exterior color and odor are no significant differences.
According to the study results confirm that natural essential oils antibacterial agent added at a concentration of 0.50% is inhibiting the use of performance.In the future will be used in cosmetic product formulations of preservative and having to replace property value.

中文摘要……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ
英文摘要…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………III
目錄…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………IV
表目錄……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………IX
圖目錄………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………XI
壹、前言………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………1
貳、研究動機與目的…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………2
参、文獻回顧………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………4
一、化粧品的污染源…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………4
二、化粧品常見之微生物與相關規定……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………5
三、化粧品防腐劑的定義與使用現況……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………8
(一) 化粧品防腐劑的定義……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………8
(二) 化粧品中無添加防腐劑…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………9
(三) 化學防腐劑之使用與機轉……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………9
(四) 金屬離子螯合劑 (Chelating agents)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………12
(五) 天然防腐劑之使用…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………12
四、精油化學性質抑菌機制簡介……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………14
(一) 精油抑菌介紹…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………14
(二) 精油成分與抑菌機轉關係……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………15
肆、實驗架構………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………17
一、第一部份植物精油與市售天然抑菌劑之抑菌活性評估……………………………………………………………………………………………17
二、第二部份精油組合之抑菌活性評估………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………17
三、第三部份化粧品添加精油抑菌劑配方之抑菌性評估…………………………………………………………………………………………………18
四、第四部份添加精油抑菌劑配方之刺激性及穩定性試驗………………………………………………………………………………………………18
伍、材料與方法……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………19
一、儀器與設備……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………19
二、試藥與溶劑……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………19
四、市售化學抑菌劑……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………20
五、產品配方原料………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………21
六、精油來源…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………22
七、菌種來源…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………23
八、精油抑菌活性評估………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………24
(一) 培養基之製備……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………24
(二) 培養液之製備……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………26
(三) 菌種活化……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………28
(四) 抑菌實驗方法……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………28
(五) 精油抑菌劑配方建立………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………30
(六) 化粧產品之微生物試驗……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………31
(七) 化粧產品之環境菌 (空間落菌) 試驗…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………32
九、天然精油抑菌劑化粧產品之配方調製……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………33
(一) 化粧水配方………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………34
(二) 面膜精華液配方…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………35
(三) 洗劑液配方…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………37
陸、結果與討論………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………42
一、抑菌活性篩選……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………42
(一) 天然精油對大腸桿菌之抑菌活性篩選…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………42
(二) 以市售天然抑菌劑對大腸桿菌之抑菌活性篩選…………………………………………………………………………………………………………46
(三) 具有抑菌之精油與市售天然抑菌劑組合對大腸桿菌抑菌活性篩選……………………………………………………………………47
(四) 添加具有抑菌活性精油之化粧水配方對大腸桿菌之抑菌性評估……………………………………………………………………………53
(五)精油水溶液經存放三個月後對大腸桿菌之抑菌評估……………………………………………………………………………………………………55
二、建構理想天然精油抑菌配方…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………56
(一) 精油組合對大腸桿菌抑菌性評估結果……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………57
(二) 具有抑菌活性精由組合之最小抑制濃度測試 (minimuminhibitory concentration：MIC)…………58
(三) 精油抑菌組合配方配製………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………63
三、化粧產品之微生物試驗一………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………64
(一) 化粧水產品微生物試驗………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………64
(二) 面膜精華液產品微生物試驗………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………66
(三) 洗劑液產品微生物試驗………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………68
四、化粧產品之微生物試驗二………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………73
(一) 化粧水產品微生物試驗………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………74
(二) 面膜精華液產品微生物試驗………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………80
(三) 洗劑液產品微生物試驗………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………86
五、化粧產品之微生物試驗三………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………95
(一) 洗劑液產品微生物試驗…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………95
六、化粧產品之微生物試驗四…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………99
七、化粧產品之微生物試驗五………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………100
(一) 面膜精華液產品之環境菌 (空間落菌) 測試………………………………………………………………………………………………………………100
八、刺激性試驗…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………105
九、穩定性試驗…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………106
柒、結論………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………107
捌、參考文獻………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………110

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