臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

交通噪音是都市環境噪音最主要的來源，都市噪音所引起的生理及心理障害已成為備受關注的議題；故減少道路交通噪音污染是為改善都市環境品質的課題。有鑒於此，本研究乃針對在都市交通噪音環境下導入自然元素的感官體驗對空間使用者之寧靜感及情緒狀態之影響情形進行探討。研究透過量化與質化之研究取向，藉由心理量表與生理回饋儀器收取個體生、心理反應的數據，分別從視覺刺激、聽覺刺激及視聽覺雙重刺激三個層面探討人在都市噪音環境下，體驗自然景觀(視覺刺激)、自然音景(聽覺刺激)或自然元素之視聽雙重刺激體驗時對其寧靜感受與生心理狀態之影響，並利用訪談探索個體體驗時的情緒反應歷程。研究發現，都市噪音環境下，無論加入視覺、聽覺及視聽覺體驗自然元素(綠元素、水元素)，皆能顯著提升人的寧靜感受。以感官刺激體驗來看，於視覺及視聽覺體驗中，觀看綠元素比水元素更能提升人的寧靜感受，減緩狀態焦慮感受；情緒方面亦是以視覺及視聽覺感官體驗綠元素比水元素有更好之效益；生理方面，以聽覺及視聽覺感官體驗自然元素，LF％皆顯著提升、HF％顯著下降，代表於環境中加入自然聲能使人呈現亢奮、喚起之感受。而以不同感官體驗綠元素時，採視聽覺感官體驗時能有最多的正向效應，且能顯著減緩人的焦慮感受。三類感官體驗模式皆能顯著提升個體的正向情緒，並減少負向情緒；在生理反應部分，以聽覺及視聽覺感官體驗綠元素時，HRV(自律神經整體活性)達顯著上升，顯示於都市噪音環境下加入鳥聲會使受測者呈現情緒舒緩之狀態。在質性回饋資料中亦發現類似之趨勢。從質性分析中發現多數受訪者提出聆聽鳥聲會產生愉悅感受；以不同感官體驗水元素時，三類型感官體驗皆能顯著提升個體的寧靜感受，降低負向情緒，亦皆能有效減緩個體的收縮壓及舒張壓；質性訪談中亦顯示，個體於加入水元素刺激後有更多平靜的感受，而於進行水元素之聽覺及視聽覺體驗時LF％顯著提升、HF％顯著下降，呈現生理亢奮之狀態。在體驗歷程的探索中發現，進行視覺感官體驗時，個體會因為受到綠景或水景阻擋噪音源之故，將注意力轉移至自然元素而忽略噪音的影響；進行聽覺感官體驗時，個體感覺自然音能夠蓋過噪音達到減噪之效果，並且專注於聆聽自然音。多數人覺得鳥叫聲較有生命力，進而產生愉悅感；聆聽水聲能令人感覺環境中的微氣候改變，讓人有清涼感；進行視聽覺感官體驗時，在加入綠景鳥聲及水景水聲後皆能感覺達到阻隔噪音之效果；在雙重感官體驗時能產生更多寧靜感，其中於加入「綠景鳥聲」元素時，受訪者陳述最多的愉悅情緒感受，於加入「水景水聲」元素時，受訪者則以平靜情緒的陳述居多，其中，「水景水聲」能比「綠景鳥聲」有誘發更豐富之情緒反應(如:好奇、有趣等)，但亦有負向情緒的回饋。本研究結果可提供都市環境規劃者於改善都市噪音環境、提升環境品質時之設計操作參考。

Nowadays, traffic noise has become one of the major noise sources in the urban environment which can cause some physical and psychological problems and concerns. In order to improve the quality of the urban environment, this study aims to explore the influence of intervening sensory experience of different natural elements in urban traffic noise environment on space users' tranquility and emotional state. The research is mixing quantitative and qualitative methods. The quantitative data were collected through questionnaires and physiological feedback, while the qualitative data of the emotional reaction process of individual experience were recorded via interviews. Participants were randomly assigned to the green-plant group and the waterscape group. Each participant experienced three sensory stimulations (one for each week), including visual stimulus(green plant/falling water scene), auditory stimulus (bird/water sound), and audio-visual stimulus (green plant and bird sound/falling water and water sound).The results show that experiencing natural elements (green elements and water elements) through three sensory stimulations in the noise environment can not only improve user's tranquility and positive emotions, but also reduce negative emotions significantly. On visual and audio-visual sensory stimulations, compared to water elements, experiencing green elements can enhance user's tranquility, positive emotions, and reduce anxiety. In the physiological benefits, experiencing the natural element through auditory and audio-visual sensory can increase LF% and decrease HF%, which means that intervening natural sounds to the environment can make people feel excited and arousal. Experiencing the green elements through auditory and audio-visual sensory can improve HRV indicating that adding the bird sounds to the noise environment, user would feel emotionally relieved. Overall, experiencing the green elements through audio-visual sensory is able to promote most positive effects. Experiencing the water element through three types of stimulations, users can all significantly improve tranquility, reduce negative emotions, and decrease blood pressure. In addition, experiencing the water element through auditory and audio-visual sensory, users can increase LF% and decrease HF%. The similar trend is found in the qualitative analysis. Most participants state that listening to the bird sounds would have a pleasant feeling, and adding water elements can make them calmer. The results of the emotional reaction process show that participants turn their attention to green plants or waterscape and ignore the effect of noise when they experience visual sensory stimulation. Under auditory sensory stimulation, participants pay attention to listening to the natural sound and feel it can overwhelm the noise to achieve noise reduction. Participants believe that the audio-visual sensory experience of natural elements can achieve the effect of blocking noise and make people more tranquility. Furthermore, when the "green plant and bird sound" element is added to the noise environment, participants can have more pleasant emotions. When the "Waterscape and water sound" element is added to the noise environment, most participants express their calm emotions. Among them, water sound can make participants feel the microclimate change of environment, which makes them feel refreshed. "Waterscape and water sound" can induce richer emotional responses (such as curious, interesting) than "green plant and bird sound". The results can provide the design reference to improve urban noise environment and increase environmental quality.

摘要 I
ABSTRACT III
誌 謝 V
表目錄 IX
圖目錄 XV
一、緒論 1
1-1研究動機 1
1-2研究目的 2
1-3研究限制 3
1-3-1測試地點非現地景觀體驗 3
1-3-2研究對象以學生代替一般人 3
1-4研究之重要性 3
1-5研究流程 3
二、文獻回顧 5
2-1噪音的影響 5
2-1-1噪音對生理的影響 6
2-1-2噪音對心理的影響 6
2-2感官體驗減噪 7
2-2-1自然元素「視覺」體驗減噪與效益 7
2-2-2自然元素「聽覺」體驗減噪與效益 8
2-2-3自然元素「視聽覺」體驗減噪與效益 10
2-3寧靜感概念與測量 12
2-4情緒及情緒度量 14
2-4-1心理層面評估 15
2-4-2生理層面評估 16
2-5個人背景屬性 20
三、研究方法 22
3-1研究設計 22
3-1-1 研究架構 22
3-1-2 研究假設 23
3-1-2實驗參與者 64
3-1-3研究地點及時間 65
3-1-4實驗控制事項 65
3-1-5刺激物選取 65
3-2研究工具 68
3-2-1量化資料蒐集工具 69
3-2-2質性資料蒐集工具(訪談) 72
3-3實驗操作 73
3-4資料蒐集與分析方法 75
3-4-1量化資料蒐集與分析 75
3-4-2質性資料處理與分析 75
四、結果與討論 76
4-1受測者基本資料分析 76
4-2都市噪音環境下以不同感官體驗自然元素之效益分析 77
4-2-1都市噪音環境下加入「視覺」自然元素之效益分析 77
4-2-2噪音環境下以「聽覺」感官體驗自然元素之效益分析 79
4-2-3都市噪音環境下加入「視聽覺」自然元素之效益分析 81
4-2-4比較都市噪音環境下加入不同感官體驗自然元素對生心理影響之差異 83
4-3都市噪音環境下加入「綠」自然元素之效益分析 85
4-3-1都市噪音環境下加入綠景視覺元素對生心理效益的影響 85
4-3-2都市噪音環境下加入鳥聲聽覺元素對生心理效益的影響 87
4-3-3都市噪音環境下加入綠景鳥聲視聽覺元素對生心理效益的影響 90
4-3-4比較都市噪音環境下加入不同感官體驗綠元素對生心理影響之差異 93
4-4都市噪音環境下加入「水」自然元素之效益分析 96
4-4-1都市噪音環境下加入水景視覺元素對生心理效益的影響 96
4-4-2噪音環境下以水聲聽覺感官體驗對生心理效益的影響 98
4-4-3都市噪音環境下加入水景水聲視聽覺元素對生心理效益的影響 101
4-4-4比較都市噪音環境下加入不同感官體驗水元素對生心理影響之差異 103
4-5都市噪音環境下加入不同自然元素在不同感官體驗生心理效益之差異 106
4-5-1比較都市噪音環境下加入綠景及水景視覺感官體驗生心理差異 106
4-5-2都市噪音環境下加入鳥聲及水聲聽覺感官體驗生心理差異 107
4-5-3都市噪音環境下加入綠景鳥聲及水景水聲視聽覺感官體驗生心理差異 108
4-6不同個人屬性個體體驗不同自然元素刺激之生心理效應的差異 110
4-6-1不同性別個體體驗自然元素之生心理效應的差異 110
4-6-2不同居住地個體體驗自然元素之生心理效應的差異 116
4-6-3不同幼年期成長地個體體驗自然元素之生心理效應的差異 121
4-7都市噪音環境下加入自然元素(綠元素、水元素)之知覺反應歷程質性分析 127
4-7-1都市噪音環境下知覺反應共通歷程 127
4-7-2都市噪音環境下加入綠元素之知覺反應共通歷程 129
4-7-3都市噪音環境下加入水元素之知覺反應共通歷程 166
4-8噪音環境下以不同感官體驗不同自然元素之知覺反應歷程比較 203
4-8-1噪音環境下不同感官體驗「綠」自然元素之知覺反應歷程比較 203
4-8-2噪音環境下不同感官體驗「水」自然元素之知覺反應歷程比較 205
4-8-3在都噪音環境下體驗不同自然元素(綠元素、水元素)之知覺反應歷程比較 207
五、結論與建議 209
5-1結論結果討論 209
5-1-1在都市噪音環境下以不同感官體驗自然元素對於生心理效益之影響 209
5-1-2比較不同感官體驗「綠元素」與「水元素」對於生心理效益之差異 210
5-1-3個人屬性與不同自然元素刺激對個體生心理反應之影響 213
5-2-1都市噪音環境下加入不同自然元素之生心理效應 214
5-2-2都市噪音環境下加入不同感官之綠元素體驗的生心理效應 214
5-2-3都市噪音環境下加入不同感官之水元素體驗的生心理效應 214
5-2-4受測者個人屬性與噪音環境下體驗自然元素之交互影響情形 215
5-2-5 都市噪音環境下加入不同感官體驗之自然元素的知覺反應歷程 215
5-2-6量化分析結果與質性體驗歷程的比較 216
5-2研究檢討與後續建議 216
5-2-1研究檢討與建議 216
5-2-2都市景觀設計建議 217
參考文獻 219
附錄一 附錄-1
附錄二 附錄-2

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網站
1.蘇賢錫，噪音公害。取自:
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2.台灣科學地，2004，ANS使用手冊。
取自:http://www.taiwanscientific.com.tw/answatch.html
3.健康景觀研究室，取自:
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4.自由時報，取自:
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