臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

隨著多媒體網路技術的愈趨成熟，多媒體創作的版權保護也變得越來越受重視。最近幾年，使用數位浮水印的技術來保護多媒體作品版權資訊的方法被一一提出，當然，浮水印的技術也被應用在數位音訊資料的版權保護上。然而，這類的音訊浮水印技術的安全性與強韌度已經受到近來流行的MPEG AUDIO ENCODER的嚴重威脅，尤其是MPEG Audio Layer 3 (MP3)的廣泛使用。
在本篇論文中，我們提出了一個直接在MP3的bit streams上作版權資訊的浮水印隱藏的方法。我們所提出的浮水印技巧，是直接將版權資訊隱藏在MP3壓縮後的資料結構上，可以避免版權資訊在壓縮編碼的過程中受到破壞。
由實驗結果可以證明，我們所提出的MP3浮水印技術，除了達到隱藏浮水印的安全性之外，在經過解壓縮與壓縮攻擊之後仍然可以保有版權資訊的完整性，其強韌度比一般的音訊浮水印技術要來得優良。我們也可以進一步根據不同的需求作版權資訊的認證與秘密資訊的保護。

Nowadays the multimedia technology in distributed environments becomes realistic and the multimedia copyright protection issue becomes more and more important. Various digital watermarking techniques have been proposed in recent years to protect the copyright of multimedia data, and they also have been used on digital audio signals. But, the safety and robustness issues of watermarking techniques are challenged in applying these techniques to MPEG Audio bit streams, especially the MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3 (MP3) encoder.
In this paper, we propose a watermark embedding method for MP3 files. The watermarking technique will embed the watermark of copyright information directly into the bit streams of MP3. In this way, we can avoid the distortion of copyright information in the decoding/encoding process.
Our experimental results show that the robustness of our watermarking technique, that embeds the watermark into the compressed domain bitstream, is better than the other techniques, which embed the watermark into the uncompressed domain signal. We can not only keep the completeness of the embedded copyright information but also can provide the ownership authentication and secret information protection for different users’ requirements.

Chapter 1 Introduction 1
Chapter 2 MPEG Audio Compression and MP3 4
2.1 Introduction to MPEG Audio 4
2.1.1 Overview 4
2.1.2 MPEG Audio Encoder/Decoder 6
2.2 MPEG Audio Layer 3 9
2.2.1 The Ftructure of MP3 Encoder and Decoder 9
2.2.2 Frame Formats of the Three Layers’Bitstreams 11
2.2.3 The Features of MP3 Encoder 13
Chapter 3 Watermarking System 16
3.1 Introduction to Watermarking 16
3.1.1 General Watermarking Idea in Audio Signal 16
3.1.2 Requirements for Watermarks 17
3.1.3 Applications of Watermarks 19
3.2 Comparison of Watermarking Techniques 20
3.2.1 PCM Watermarking 21
3.2.2 Bitstream Watermarking 21
3.2.3 Conclusions of the Watermarked Compressed Audio 22
Chapter 4 The Proposes Method of MP3 Watermarking 25
4.1 The Goal of our Proposed Watermarking 25
4.2 The Proposed MP3 Watermarking System 26
4.2.1 Preprocessing of Bitstream 27
4.2.2 The Huffman Coded Bits 28
4.2.3 Huffman Coding of MP3 30
4.3 The Selective Watermarking Technique 31
4.3.1 The Watermark Embedding Scheme 31
4.3.2 The Watermark Extracting Scheme 34
Chapter 5 Simulation Results and Discussion 35
5.1 Listening Test 36
5.2 Decompression/Recompression Attack 37
5.3 Cropping Attack 38
Chapter 6 Conclusions and Future Research 40
Reference 42
Publication List 44
Biography 45

[1] George Voyatzis; Ioannis Pitas, "The use of watermarks in the Protection of Digital Multimedia Products," Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol.87, No.7, pp.1192-1207, July 1999.
[2] A. Lu, W. Bender, D. Gruhl, “Echo Hiding,” Massachusetts Institute of
Technology Media Laboratory.
[3] P. Bassia and I.. Pitaa, “Robust audio watermarking in the time domain,”
EUSIPCO’98,1998
[4] M. Ikeda, K. Takeda and F. Itakura, “Audio data fidding by use of band-limited random sequences,” IEEE Internatiomal Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Sigal Processing, Vol.4, pp.2315~2318, 1999.
[5] L. Boney, A. H. Tewfik and K. N. Hamdy, “Digit Watermark for Audio Signals,” IEEE Proceedings of Multimedia, pp. 473-480, 1996.
[6] J.F. Tilki and A.A. Beex, “Encoding a hidden auxiliary channel onto a digital audio signal using psychoacoustic masking,” Southeastcon ’97. Engineering new New Century., Proceeding. IEEE, pp.331~333, 1997.
[7] P. Noll, “MPEG Digital Audio Coding,” IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, pp. 59-81, SEPTEMBER, 1997.
[8] Ye Wang, “A new watermarking method of digital audio content for copyright protection,” Proceedings of ICSP98 Fourth International Conference on Signal Processing, Vol.2, pp.1420~1423, 1998.
[9] ISO/ICE Standard 11172-3, “Information Technology — Coding of Moving Pictures and Associated Audio for Digital Storage Media at up to about 1.5 Mbit/s — Part 3: Audio.” 1993.
[10] D. Pan, Motorola, “A Tutorial on MPEG/Audio Compression,” IEEE Multimedia, pp. 60-74, 1995.
[11] S. Shlien, “Guide to MPEG-1 Audio Standard,” IEEE Transaction On
Broadcasting, Vol. 40, No. 4, pp. 206-218, December, 1994.
[12] Neri Merhav, "On random coding error exponents of watermarking systems," IEEE Transactions on Information theory, Volume 46, No. 2, pp. 420-430, March 2000.
[14] http://nif.www.media.mit.edu/DataHiding/index.html
[15] http://www.iis.fhg.de/index.html of Fraunhofer IIS-A
[16] http://www.mpeg.org/MPEG/mp3.html