臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

2001年美國911事件後，第三代保全監控系統已成為全球監控業發展趨勢，其中最主要的概念在於以「全數位化」的角度來設計保全監控系統。然而，在全面數位化後的結果，大部分的監控系統，仍然採用傳統沒效率的人工方式來監督是否發生異常事件，且由於缺乏定義多攝影機彼此在空間上的關係，導致手動追蹤可疑人物時常有見樹不見林的缺點。另外，一旦變動攝影機架設位置或分佈時，會直接影響整個監控系統運作時的複雜度，造成牽一髮而動全身的不便。本研究之目的，是引用圖形理論，設計一個多攝影機協同偵測視訊物件之監控系統。在多個時間點對不同空間狀態的識別、提升物件偵測與追蹤效能、單一主機統籌管理多支攝影機、由使用者自行定義監控場景範圍、以及即時且有效的異常事件通報等功能，提出一套具體可行的作法。
經實驗後顯示，藉由設計完成的空間關係圖形拓撲，可使得監控系統具備彈性及適應性；不會因為變動攝影機架設位置或分佈，而需提昇監控系統複雜度；藉由局部偵測區域可減少全畫面大量比對的計算量，由此可加快偵測及追蹤物件之速度；藉由條件路徑與警戒區域的搭配偵測，可掌握第一時間發送警報的時機，減少監控人力負擔；透過有效率地事件查詢方式，可大幅降低回放搜尋時間。此研究將可提供未來多點視訊監控保全系統，一個具有彈性及適應性之基本架構。

The third generation surveillance system had become trends in the surveillance industry after the 911 in 2001. The key concept of it is the fully digitization of the surveillance system. However, it is still using the traditional manner to observe the output by human. Since the spatial relationship between the multi-cameras has not been defined, there will be a defect that the security officer can only watch the individual scene of each camera, but not the overall view for whole monitoring area. Furthermore, once the distribution of the multi-cameras are changed, the work complexity of the surveillance system will increase.
Therefore, the purpose of our research is to design a multi-cameras cooperative video surveillance system which can improve the defects mentioned above. We propose a novel model building a graph topology with spatial relationship into our surveillance system, which improves the performance while detecting and tracking an object; controls multi-cameras by one central station; alerts the inspectors for the abnormal events immediately and effectively.
After a series of experiments, we can show that the graph topology with spatial relationship in the surveillance system is not only more adaptive for the indoor space but also more flexible for the detection region. Our design provides a basic architecture for multi-points surveillance system in the future.

目錄
摘要 I
致謝 III
目錄 IV
表目錄 VII
圖目錄 VIII
第1章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 研究目的 3
1.3 研究範圍與限制 3
1.4 論文架構 4
第2章 相關技術與文獻討論 6
2.1 建構圖形拓撲 6
2.2 背景更新 8
2.3 物件分割 9
2.4 物件追蹤 10
2.5 異常變動偵測 13
2.6 多攝影機監控系統 14
第3章 系統架構 15
3.1 監控系統架構 15
3.2 監控系統運作流程 16
第4章 初始化流程 18
4.1 建立具有空間涵蓋完整性之多攝影機監控區域 18
4.2 根據指定空間建立空間關係圖形拓撲 19
4.3 空間關係圖形拓撲之資料結構 20
4.4 設定條件路徑以及警戒、偵測、離開區域 21
第5章 多攝影機變動偵測 24
5.1 背景學習與更新 25
5.2 變動偵測 26
第6章 物件分割與特徵擷取 28
6.1 背景相減法 28
6.2 目標物體特徵擷取 30
6.2.1 擷取膚色特徵方法 30
6.2.2 擷取色彩直方圖方法 31
第7章 圖形拓撲追蹤物件 34
7.1 圖形拓撲追蹤物件方法 35
7.2 異常事件偵測 38
7.3 判斷目標物體是否已離開監控範圍 40
第8章 歷史資料查詢 41
8.1 資料庫設計 41
8.2 資料查詢方式 48
第9章 實驗結果與分析 51
9.1 實驗環境 51
9.2 系統實作 51
9.3 圖形拓撲建立 54
9.3.1 介面與設定 54
9.3.2 圖形拓撲物件追蹤實驗結果與分析 59
9.4 偵測符合條件路徑事件 63
9.4.1 介面與設定 63
9.4.2 實驗結果與分析 64
9.5 偵測警戒區域發生異常事件 67
9.5.1 介面與設定 67
9.5.2 實驗結果與分析 67
第10章 結論 69
10.1 結論 69
10.2 未來展望 69
參考文獻 70

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