臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

人們普遍認為，總統，尤其是美國總統，始終與媒體保持著複雜的關係。美國總統被視為世界上力量最強大的政治人物，故世界的各大新聞媒體非常關注美國總統的言行舉止。川普總統宣稱「貿易戰很好，也很容易贏」（紐約時報，2018年3月22日），而中國在其使館聲明中稱「中國不希望發生貿易戰，但也不會畏懼 」（CNBC，2018年3月22日）。台灣央行總裁表示，台灣可能是美中貿易戰的最大受害者，因為其鋼鐵和鋁製品相當依賴美國和中國市場（台灣新聞，2018年3月22日）。因此，關於美國總統唐納川普的新聞從英文翻譯成繁體中文的文章，往往對台灣讀者起著至關重要的作用。本文從台灣三家廣泛閱讀的報紙上收集了繁體中文的新聞文章，並從康威（2015）提出的方法進行分析，探討新聞作者如何在這個敏感的貿易戰問題中處理詞彙和文化問題。通過語篇分析，除了翻譯技巧之外，本文最後也將探討媒體自由和問責制。

It is widely agreed that presidents, especially in the US, always maintain the complicated relationship with the press. President of the United State is viewed as the world’s most powerful political figure and the press from the world focuses very much on what President said and did. President Trump declared that “Trade Wars are good, and easy to win” (the New York Times, March 22, 2018) while China in her embassy statement said “China does not want a trade war but will not recoil from one” (CNBC, March 22, 2018). Central Bank Governor said, Taiwan could be biggest victim of US-China trade war since its steel and aluminum products relied heavily on both US and Chinese markets (Taiwan News, March 22, 2018). Thus, news article translation from English into Traditional Chinese about the US President Donald Trump often plays an essential role for readers in Taiwan. This paper thus collected news articles in Traditional Chinese from three widely read newspapers in Taiwan and analyzed by using approaches proposed by Conway (2015) to explore how news writers dealt with lexical and cultural concerns in this sensitive issue of trade war at this critical moment. With discourse analysis, in addition to translation techniques, media freedom and accountability is also discussed in the end of this paper.

Table of Contents
Abstract (Chinese) --------------------------------------------------------------- i
Abstract (English) --------------------------------------------------------------- ii
Acknowledgements ------------------------------------------------------------- iii
Table of Contents --------------------------------------------------------------- iv
List of Tables --------------------------------------------------------------------- v

Chapter 1 Introduction ---------------------------------------------------------- 1
1.1 Research Motivation -------------------------------------------------------- 1
1.2 Background of the China-US Trade War -------------------------------- 2
1.3 Research Questions --------------------------------------------------------- 3
1.4 International News Agency ------------------------------------------------- 4
BBC News -------------------------------------------------------------------- 4
New York Times --------------------------------------------------------------- 5
1.5 Local News Agency --------------------------------------------------------- 5
Liberty Times ------------------------------------------------------------------ 5
China Times ------------------------------------------------------------------- 6
Apple Daily -------------------------------------------------------------------- 7
1.6 Structure of the Research ------------------------------------------------- 7

Chapter 2 Literature Review --------------------------------------------------- 9
2.1 News Writing Style --------------------------------------------------------- 9
2.2 Features of News Translation ----------------------------------------- 10
2.3 Translation and Culture --------------------------------------------------- 16
2.4 Conway’s Studies about News Translation ---------------------------- 18

Chapter 3 Methodology ------------------------------------------------------- 20
3.1 Research Data and Procedures ------------------------------------------- 20

Chapter 4 Search Results and Discussion ----------------------------------- 22
4.1 History background from March 5- April 27--------------------------- 22
4.2 Text Analysis and Discussion -------------------------------------------- 23

Chapter 5 Conclusion --------------------------------------------------------- 61
5.1 Research Limitations & Suggestions ------------------------------------ 62

References ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 64

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Internet Reference
The President and the Press, Columbia Journalism Review, extracted from https://www.cjr.org/analysis/the_president_and_the_press.php on May 1, 2018
Consalves, K., The President and the Press, The Week, extracted on from http://theweek.com/captured/735643/president-press on May 1, 2018.
Why News Translation Requires More Skills, EASY MEDIA, extracted from http://www.easymedia.in/news-translation-requires-skills/ on April 2, 2018

Internet News Reference

Apple Daily News (2018)
美中貿易戰砍向中興　學者：中國居弱勢, extracted from https://tw.appledaily.com/new/realtime/20180420/1338330/ on April 20, 2018
中國貿易戰再捅美國　特斯拉躺著也中槍, extracted from https://tw.appledaily.com/new/realtime/20180404/1328700/ on April 4, 2018

川普揚言打貿易戰　中國外長：抓錯藥方損人害己, extracted from https://www.appledaily.com.tw/realtimenews/article/new/20180308/1310520/ on March 8, 2018
川普要求各國一同對抗中國不公平貿易　換取鋼鋁關稅豁免, extracted from https://tw.appledaily.com/new/realtime/20180321/1318788/ on March 21, 2018

BBC News (2018)
BBC事實核查:中美真的處在貿易戰邊緣?, extracted from https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/business-43749446 on April 13, 2018
Trump threatens to raise tariffs on $200bn of Chinese goods, extracted from https://www.bbc.com/news/business-48171561 on March 5, 2018
貿易戰來勢洶洶 美宣佈對華600億美元商品加稅, extracted from https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/chinese-news-43500214 on March 23, 2018
中美貿易戰升溫:中興芯片受制 美國高粱遭災, extracted from https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/business-43821764 on April 19, 2018

China Times News (2018)
陸強硬反彈 絕不坐視權益受損, extracted from https://www.chinatimes.com/newspapers/20180323000683-260119?chdtv on March 23, 2018
中美貿易戰 台灣不必選邊站, extracted from https://www.chinatimes.com/newspapers/20180410000920-260109?chdtv on April 10, 2018
中美貿易戰升溫:中興芯片受制 美國高粱遭災, extracted from https://www.chinatimes.com/opinion/20180417003081-262101?chdtv on April 19, 2018
川普掀貿易戰 可能導致全球蕭條, extracted from https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20180309000978-260408?chdtv on March 9, 2018

Liberty Times News (2018)
美鋼鋁稅瞄準中國 豁免國續增, extracted from https://ec.ltn.com.tw/article/paper/1182897 on March 11, 2018
美商務部下殺手鐧 禁出口中國中興通訊敏感技術, extracted from https://ec.ltn.com.tw/article/breakingnews/2397551 on April 17, 2018
貿易戰升溫 川普補大刀 考慮對中商品加徵1000億美元關稅, extracted from https://ec.ltn.com.tw/article/breakingnews/2387463 on April 6, 2018
中國嗆：絕不怕貿易戰 奉陪到底, extracted from https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/focus/paper/1186681 on March 24, 2018

New York Times News (2018)
China Vows Retaliation if Trump Engages in Trade War, extracted from https://cn.nytimes.com/business/20180309/china-vows-retaliation-if-trump-engages-in-trade-war/zh-hant/dual/ on March 9, 2018
Looming China Trade Action Divides Industry and Roils Markets, extracted from https://cn.nytimes.com/business/20180403/china-us-trade-action-markets/zh-hant/ on April 2, 2018
Trump Readies Sweeping Tariffs and Investment Restrictions on China, extracted from https://cn.nytimes.com/usa/20180316/trump-china-trade-measures/zh-hant/ on March 15, 2018
Trump Plans to Slap Stiff Tariffs and Investment Restrictions on China, extracted from https://cn.nytimes.com/usa/20180322/trump-china-tariff-trade/zh-hant/dual/ on March 22, 2018