臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本文是利用一個非對稱(2N+1)階層飛馳電容轉換器，實現一個具雙向功率潮流特性的AC/DC轉換器，在控制架構方面，與傳統多迴路控制架構不同，不需回授輸入電流，本文提出一個僅需回授輸入電壓與輸出電壓的無電流感測控制架構，並以該架構達成輸入電流功因修正與穩定輸出電壓兩個目的，若是輸出側有併接發電系統且發電功率大於負載功率，本控制架構亦可將超過的能量送回輸入側的市電端，同時達成功因修正的目的。此外，透過增加飛馳電容電壓平衡迴路，以加快飛馳電容電壓平衡的速度。
本文實作利用FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array)硬體電路晶片實現所提之雙向非對稱(2N+1)階層飛馳電容交流直流轉換器之無電流感測控制，利用模擬及實作電路以驗證所提之無電流感測控制架構具有功因修正及穩定輸出電壓特性，同時也利用模擬驗證飛馳電容電壓平衡迴路確實具有改善飛馳電容之自然平衡表現的特性。

An asymmetrical (2N+1) level flying-capacitor converter is presented in this thesis to construct a bidirectional AC/DC converter. Compared with conventional double loop control structure, the proposed control structure only requires input voltages and output voltage to achieve power factor correction amd regulate the output voltage. If there is a generated system connected to the dc bus,and the generated power is greater than the dc load, the proposed control structure must return superfluous power to the grid.Otherwise,the flying-capacitor voltage balancing loop is including in the control structure,which can improve the speed of flying-capacitor voltage balancing.
At the end,all the algorithms are implemented in a FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array). The simulation and experimental results will show the well performances of the proposed current sensorless control structure. The simulation and experimental results could also show the well performancesof the ying-capacitor voltage balancing loop,which can improve flying-capacitor natural balancing performance.

摘要 I
Abstract II
致謝 III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 XII
第一章 簡介 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 功率因數 3
1.2.1 功率因數 3
1.2.2諧波電流與諧波規範 3
1.3 文獻回顧 5
1.4 論文架構 10
第二章 雙向非對稱多階層飛馳電容交流直流轉換器 11
2.1 雙向三階層交流直流轉換器 12
2.2 雙向非對稱五階層飛馳電容交流直流轉換器 17
2.3 雙向非對稱七階層飛馳電容交流直流轉換器 25
2.4 雙向非對稱(2N+1)階層飛馳電容交流直流轉換器 40
2.5傳統雙迴路控制架構 45
第三章 控制架構之設計與分析 47
3.1 飛馳電容電壓平衡 47
3.2無電流感測控制之設計與推導 50
3.2.1雙向三階層交流直流轉換器無電流感測控制之設計與推導 50
3.2.2雙向非對稱五階層飛馳電容交流直流轉換器無電流感測控制之設計與推導 53
3.2.3雙向非對稱七階層飛馳電容交流直流轉換器無電流感測控制之設計與推導 54
3.2.4雙向非對稱(2N+1)階層飛馳電容交流直流轉換器無電流感測控制之設計與推導 55
3.3 電路參數誤差分析 60
3.4 小訊號推導與控制器設計 65
3.4.1輸出電壓轉移函數推導 65
3.4.2 電壓控制器設計 67
3.4.3 飛馳電容電壓轉移函數推導 69
3.4.4 飛馳電容電壓平衡控制器設計 70
3.5 飛馳電容參數設計 72
第四章 模擬結果 75
4.1 電路模擬參數 75
4.1.1 PSIM模擬電路 75
4.1.2 PSIM模擬控制參數 80
4.2 穩態結果分析 82
4.2.1雙向非對稱五階層飛馳電容交流直流轉換器 82
4.2.2雙向非對稱七階層飛馳電容交流直流轉換器 85
4.3暫態結果分析 89
4.3.1 負載切換下之暫態模擬結果 89
4.3.2飛馳電容瞬間放電之暫態模擬結果 92
4.4參數誤差驗證 96
4.5輸出轉移函數模擬驗證 101
4.5.1 轉移函數 模擬驗證 104
4.5.2 轉移函數 模擬驗證 106
第五章 實作電路與結果 109
5.1 現場可程式邏輯閘陣列(FPGA)介紹 109
5.2 實作電路 110
5.2.1 類比轉數位轉換器(A/D) 114
5.2.2 數位轉類比轉換器(D/A) 115
5.2.3 開關驅動電路(Gate Driving Circuit) 115
5.3實作波形 117
5.3.1 穩態之實作波形 118
5.3.2 諧波規範比較 121
5.3.3 負載切換下之暫態實作波形 124
5.3.4 飛馳電容瞬間放電之暫態實作波形 128
第六章 結論 132
參考文獻 133

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