臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本文之首要目的為風洞實驗來分析市面上兩種主要的風力發電機-水平軸以及垂直軸風力發電機之轉子葉片，並利用數學模型、數值模擬對風洞實驗結果作驗證，研究風機在相同假設條件下的轉子葉片之結果。
在數學模型的方法中，利用葉片動量元素進行水平軸風力發電機葉片之初步性能計算。此外，利用雙多重流管模型對垂直軸風力發電機之葉片做計算；數值模擬則利用商用軟體Fluent在使用相同模型的情況下來對兩者之葉片做計算，觀察兩者在各風速下功率以及功率係數在各尖速比下的變化情形；實驗部分透過調整負載改變尖速比，觀察其輸出功率及功率之變化，經由實驗定義出兩者葉片之最佳操作區間。
將前述三種方式所得到的分析結果相互比較，可得知兩者風機在風速8 m/s下的操作，兩者風機的力矩大約落在0.3~0.4 N-m 之間，但因風機轉速的不同造成輸出效率差別明顯，當轉換成功率係數可知其擷取風能的能力差別，水平軸式風機在此研究中大致為垂直軸式風機的五倍。

This thesis employs the modified blade element momentum theory, computational simulation, and wind tunnel experiment to analyze and compare respectively the performance rotor blades used in Horizontal-Axis wind turbine (HAWT) and Vertical-Axis wind turbine (VAWT).
The Blade element momentum theory is used to predict the rotor performance of HAWT and the adopted double-multiple streamtube model to calculate that of VAWT. For computational simulation, it uses the same turbulent model to simulate the rotors. Furthermore, the performance of the rotor is obtained through the experiments rotor rotation speed, output torque and current and voltage from the generator in terms of the wind speed at various tip speed ratio. It can identify the optimum operation regions of both wind turbines via experiment. Results indicate that the torque output of both wind turbines obtained has almost the same range between 0.3 to 0.4 N-m in experiment under the wind speed of 8 m/s. The maximum torque of VAWT is at TSR of 0.5 while that of HAWT is at TSR of 3.5. The maximum power of HAWT is about 30 watt, which is 6 times larger than VAWT. In addition, the power coefficient of HAWT is about 5 times larger than VAWT, which means that the HAWT has much higher ability to extract the energy in wind than the VAWT. These results are also verified by the modified BEM theory and CFD simulation.

ABSTRACT IN CHINESE i
ABSTRACT ii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS iii
CONTENTS iv
LIST OF TABLES vi
LIST OF FIGURES vii
NOMENCLATURE xi
CHAPTER Ⅰ INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Historical Description 2
1.2 Motivation and Objectives 5
1.3 Thesis Overview 5
1.3.1 Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) 6
1.3.2 Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) 7
1.4 Content of Research 8
CHAPTER Ⅱ BASIC THEORY OF WIND TURBINES 10
2.1 Maximum Power Production in Theory of Wind Trubine 11
2.1.1 Betz Theory 11
2.1.2 The Maximum Power Production in Theory of VAWT 14
2.2 Aerodynamics Characteristic of Wind Turbine 16
2.2.1 System of Coordinate 16
2.2.2 General Concepts of Airfoil 17
2.2.3 Performance Parameters of Wind Turbine 18
CHAPTER Ⅲ METHODS OF RESEARCH 22
3.1 Rotor Performance Analysis 22
3.1.1 Blade Element and Momentum Theory (BEM) 24
3.1.2 Double-Multiple Streamtube Theory (DMS) 29
3.2 Simulation of CFD 32
3.3 Wind tunnel experiment 35
3.3.1 Machinery of Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) 36
3.3.2 Machinery of Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) 36
3.3.3 Experiement Apparatus 37
CHAPTER Ⅳ RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 39
4.1 Numerical Performance Calculation of Rotor 39
4.2 Computational Fluid Dynamic Simulation 44
4.3 Wind Tunnel Experiment 49
4.4 The Comparison of HAWT and VAWT of three methods 51
4.4.1 The Results of the Comparison of Wind Turbines 51
4.4.2 Variation of Force and Arm of Force with Azimuth Angle of VAWT 52
CHAPTER ⅤCONCLUDNIG REMARKS 54
REFERENCES 57
TABLES 59
FIGURES 61

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