臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

均質壓燃式引擎（HCCI）可提高DI引擎的熱效率與降低污染物的生成，因均質壓燃式引擎需進採用進氣過程時形成的均質混合氣，所以進行不同預混合比之進氣對均質壓燃式引擎的燃燒性能分析是非常重要的。
本文針對KUBOTA RK-125 型之單缸直噴式柴油引擎進行數值模擬，以KIVA3V-RELEASE2為程式主體，藉由修改程式的進氣組成部份分析在不同引擎轉速下，以不同組成分率之汽油或乙醇與甲醇，進行數值運算分析。並檢視在不同預混合燃氣及組成分率下，進氣歧管處與氣缸內的當量比分佈、引擎熱釋放率、流場與溫度場的情形，並將模擬結果與實驗數據比較。
本研究已成功將柴油引擎之進氣過程導入汽油或乙醇與甲醇的燃氣，並且成功以RNG紊流混合燃燒模式啟動KIVA3V-RELEASE2之化學反應機制。模擬結果顯示汽化熱最高的甲醇進氣燃氣，隨著比例越高會增加缸內吸熱量而提早燃燒造成峰值壓力提高。未來期望本研究的燃燒性能模擬對HCCI引擎安裝在密閉式循環柴油引擎系統 (CCDE系統採用HCCI引擎)時有參考的價值。

The homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine can enhance the thermal efficiency of DI engine and reduce the formulation of pollutant. Because the homogeneous charge compression ignition needs to adopt the formation of homogeneous mixture gas in the intake process, it is very important to analyzing the combustion performance of a homogeneous charge compression ignition engine with different intake premixed gas and its contents.
This article is aimed at the KUBOTA RK-125 which is a single cylinder direct injection diesel engine, and carries out the numerical simulation. KIVA3V-RELEASE2 is used as the subject of the program, according to modifying the different intake gas contents in program adopting different proportion of the gasoline, ethanol and methanol under different engine speeds. Also the intake port and in-cylinder distribution of equivalence ratio, heatrelease rate of engine, flow and temperature field are investigated for different intake premixed gas and its contents, and the results between the simulation and the experiment will be compared .
The research has already entered the gasoline, ethanol and methanol successfully in the intake process, and succeed in initialing the chemical reaction mechanism of KIVA3V-RELEASE2 using the RNG model of turbulence mixing combustion. The simulation result show that following proportion being the higher, heat of vaporization supreme methanol occur burn in lower temperature and its pressure peak value will rise because of increasing in-cylinder absorption of heat . The simulation combustion process in this research are expected to be a reference value when the close cycle diesel engine system installs with HCCI engine in the future.

摘要………………………………………………I
Abstract…………………………………………II
致謝………………………………………………IV
目錄………………………………………………V
表目錄…………………………………………VⅢ
圖目錄……………………………………………IX
符號說明…………………………………………XVII
第一章 緒論…………………………………1
1-1 研究目的及背景………………………………………………1
1-2 文獻回顧……………………………………4
1-3 研究方向與貢獻………………………………………………9
第二章 數值方法………………………………………………10
2-1 問題描述………………………………………………10
2-2 系統之假設及邊界條件………………………………………………10
2-3 統御方程式………………………………………………12
2-3.1 氣相統御方程式………………………………………………12
2-3.2 液相統御方程式………………………………………………15
2-4 引擎燃燒模式………………………………………………16
2-4.1 預混合燃氣之當量比計算………………………………17
2-4.2 著火遲延對燃燒影響………………………………18
2-4.3 紊流混合燃燒模式………………………………20
2-5數值方法………………………………………………21
第三章 實驗方法………………………………………………24
3-1 實驗概述………………………………………………24
3-1.1 實驗設備圖………………………………………………24
3-1.2 實驗設備規格………………………………………………25
3-2 輔助燃油燃料特性比較………………………………………………27
3-3 均質進氣壓燃式引擎實驗之數據量測………………………………………………28
3-3.1 曲柄角之量測………………………………28
3-3.2 氣缸壓力之量測………………………………29
3-3.3 轉速、馬力輸出與負載之量測………………………………29
3-3.4 噴油壓力設定與量測………………………………………………29
3-3.5 制動耗油(bsfc)之量測………………………………………………30
3-3.6 輔助預混合燃氣組成濃度計算………………………………………………30
3-4 均質進氣壓燃式引擎的淨熱釋放率計算模式………………………………………………31
3-5實驗步驟………………………………………………35
第四章 結果與討論………………………………………………37
4-1格點系統測試………………………………………………37
4-2擬與實驗之壓力分析與熱釋率比較…………………………………………38
4-3混合燃氣當量比分佈…………………………………………43
4-4不同預混合比之進氣的燃燒模擬…………………………………………44
4-4.1 1800rpm下不同燃氣之預混合比對燃燒性能的效應…45
4-4.2 1500rpm下不同燃氣之預混合比對燃燒性能的效應…47
4-4.3 1200rpm下不同燃氣之預混合比對燃燒性能的效應…49
第五章 結論與未來展望………………………………………………52
5-1 結論………………………………………………52
5-2 未來展望………………………………………………54
參考文獻………………………………………56
自述……………………………………………128

1.T. Ura and T. Obara, “Development of Depth Independent Closed Cycle Diesel Engine for an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle”, Proc, Unmanned Untethered Submersible Tech. PP. 1-9, 1991.

2.吳鴻文，“密閉式循環柴油引擎發電系統之研究與性能分析研（I）,”第十四屆中國造船暨輪機工程研討會暨國科會成果發表會，D3場次，民國91年。

3.吳鴻文， “密閉式循環柴油引擎發電系統之研究與性能分析研（II）,” 第十五屆中國造船暨輪機工程研討會暨國科會成果發表會，C2-02場次，民國92年。

4.Jphn B.Heywood 著，蘇金佳 譯；"內燃機"；美商麥格羅．希爾國際股份有限公司出版；pp.4-6，pp.645-717。

5.S：Onishi, S.Hong JO, et al, “Active Themo-Atmosphere Combustion(AT
AC)-A New Combustion Process for Internal Combustio Engines”,SAE 790501.

6.Magnus Christensen, Anders Hultqvist et al, “Demonstrating the Multi Fuel Capability of a Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Engine with Variable Compression Ratio” SAE 1999-01-3679.

7.Magnus Christensen,et al, “Influence of Mixture Quality on Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition. ” SAE982454.

8.Hisakazu Suzuki,et al. “Combustion Control Method of Homogeneous Charge Diesel Engines”, SAE980509.

9.許志聰，“閉式循環柴油引擎之建立與運轉性能研究，”國立成功大學造船暨船舶機械工程研究所碩士論文，2001年6月。

10.楊佳穎，“長時間運轉型密閉式循環柴油引擎系統之建立、燃燒性能分析與單人自動化操控之研究，”國立成功大學造船暨船舶機械工程研究所碩士論文，2002年7月。

11.王仁宏，“密閉式循環柴油引擎發電系統機組化之性能、噪音與振動之研究，”國立成功大學造船暨船舶機械工程研究所碩士論文，2003年6月。

12.林文輝，“人造空氣對密閉式循環柴油引擎之性能影響分析，”國立成功大學系統及船舶機電工程學系研究所碩士論文， 2005年7月。

13. 陳啟聰，“柴油引擎以天然氣為輔助燃料之燃燒循環變異與燃燒噪音之研究，” 國立成功大學機械工程研究所碩士論文，1989年。

14.Randy P. Hessel and Christopher J. Rutland, “Intake Flow Modeling in a Four-Stroke Diesel Using KIVA-3. ” Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol.11,n2,p 378-384,March-April 1995.

15.Thomas W. Ryan III and Timothy J. Callahan, “Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition of Diesel Fuel”, SAE 961160, 1996.

16.Dr Thomas ,W Ryan Iii ,Allen W Gray Iii, “Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (Hcci) of Diesel Fuel”, SAE971676, 1997.

17.Salvador M. Aceves, et al. “A Multi-Zone Model for Prediction of Hcci Combustion and Emissions”,SAE 2000 World Congress, March 2000, Detroit, MI, USA.

18. R. Ogink , V. Golovitchev, “Gasoline Hcci Modeling: Computer Program Combining Detailed Chemistry and Gas Exchange Processes”, SAE International Fall Fuels & Lubricants Meeting & Exhibition, September 2001, San Antonio, TX, USA.

19.王建盺，關小光，程勇，蔣恒飛，“乙醇-柴油混合燃料的燃燒與排放特性”，內燃機學報，vol.20 n3，p225-229，2002。

20.黃佐華，聲紅兵，蔣德明，曾科，劉兵，張俊強，王錫斌，“Study on Combustion Characteristics of a DI Diesel Engine Operating on Diesel/Methanol Blends”，內燃機學報，vol.21 n6p401-410，2003。

21.Song-Charng Kong , Rolf D. Reitz, et al. “Modelling the Effects of Geometry-Generated Turbulence on HCCI Engine Combustion”,SAE 2003 World Congress & Exhibition, March 2003, Detroit, MI, USA.

22.鄭博鴻，"均質進氣壓縮點火引擎之研究"，碩士論文，國立海洋大學輪機所，中華民國93年6月。

23.Kim, Dae Sik; Kim, Myung Yoon; Lee, Chang Sik “Effect of premixed gasoline fuel on the combustion characteristics of compression ignition engine” Energy and Fuels, v 18, n 4,p1213-1219, July/August, 2004.

24.Kim, Dae Sik ; Lee, Chang Sik “Improved emission characteristics of HCCI engine by various premixed fuels and cooled EGR” Fuel, v 85, n 5-6, p 695-704, March/April, 2006.

25.Salvador M. Aceves, et al. “Analysis of the Effect of Geometry-Generated Turbulence on HCCI Combustion By Multi-Zone Modelling”, SAE Brasil Fuels & Lubricants Meeting, May 2005, Rio De Janiero, BRAZI.

26.吳展易，“KIVA-3V應用在密閉式柴油引擎在不同進氣組成下之燃燒模擬與分析，”國立成功大學系統及船舶機電工程學系研究所碩士論文， 2005年7月。

27.Amsden, A.A.,P. J. O’Rourke and T.D. Butler, “KIVA-II: A Computer Program for Chemically Reactive Flows with Sprays,” Los Alamos National Laboratory report LA-11560-MS, May, 1989.

28.Amsden, A.A. , “KIVA-3: A KIVA Program with Block-Structured Mesh for Complex Geometries,” Los Alamos National Laboratory report LA-12503-MS, March, 1993.

29.Amsden, A.A., “KIVA-3V: A Block-Structured KIVA Program for Engines with Vertical or Canted Valves,” Los Alamos National Laboratory report LA-13313-MS, July, 1997.

30.Amsden, A.A. ,“KIVA-3V, Release 2, Improvments to KIVA-3V,” Los Alamos National Laboratory report LA-13608-MS, May, 1999.

31.Han,Z. & Reitz, R.D.,“Turbulence Modeling of Internal Combustion Engines Using RNG κ－ε Models” , Combustion Science and Technology, vol. 106, pp.267-295, 1995.

32.Stull D.R. and Prophet, H., ”JANAF Thermochemical Tables,” 2nd ed..N.W.Chase et al., J.Phys. Chem.Ref.Data 3,311, 1974.

33.Watson, N.: “Turbochargers for the 1980s-Current Trends and Future Prostpects, ”SAE paper 790063, SAE Trans, vol. 88, 1979.

34.Simescu, S.; Ryan, T. W.; Neely, G. D.; Matheaus, A. C. ;Surampudi , B. SAE Tech. Pap. Ser. 2002 ,2002-01-0964.

35.Lutz, A.E., Kee, R.J. and Miller, J.A.,“SENKIN:A Fortran Program for Predicting Homogeneous Gas Phase Chemical Kinetics with Sensitivity Analysis ”Sandia Repoet SAND 87-8248 ,UC-4 ,1988.

36.Hirt, C.W., Amsden, A.A. & Cook, J.L., “An Arbitrary Lagrangian – Eulerian Computing Method for All Flow Speeds,” Journal of Computational Physics, Vol.14, pp.227-253, 1974.

37.Riavard, W.C., Farmer, O.A. & Bulter, T.D., “RICE: A Computer Program for Multi-component Chemically Reactive Flows at All Speeds,” Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory Report, LA-5812-MS, 1979.

38.Butler, T.D., Cloutman, L.D., Dukowicz, J.K., & Ramshaw, J.D., “CONCHAS: An Arbitrary Lagrangian - Eulerian Computer Code for Multicomponent Chemically Reactive Fluid Flow at All Speeds,” Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory Report, LA-8129-MS, 1979.

39.Cloutman, L.D., Dukowicz, J.K., Ramshaw, J.D. & Amsden, A.A.,“CONCAS-SPRAY: A Computer Code for Reactive Flow with Fuel Sprays,” Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory Report, LA-9294-MS, 1982.

40.Amsden, A.A., Butler, T.D., O’Rourke, P.J. & Ramshaw, J.D., “KIVA-AComprehensive Model for 2-D and 3-D Engine Simulation,” SAE paper 850554, pp.1-15, 1985.

41.Patankar,S.V., “Numerical Heat Transfer And Fluid Flow,” Hemisphere Publishing Co., pp.126~131, 1980.

42. Lyn W.T., Calculations of the Effect of Rate of Heat Release on the shape of Cylinder-pressure Diagram and Cycle Efficiency, Proc. IME(A.D.) 1.34. 1960-1961.

43. S.-C. Kong , R. D. Reitz “Use of Detailed Chemical Kinetics to Study HCCI Engine Combustion With Consideration of Turbulent Mixing Effects” , Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, Transactions of the ASME ,vol.124 pp702-707 July 2002.

44. Ossi Kaario et all. “Relating Integral Length Scale to Turbulent Time Scale and Comparing k –εand RNG k –εTurbulence Models in Disel Combustion Simulation” SAE2002-01-1117 pp1886-1900