臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究建立一個可以模擬熔融還原爐內底吹管附近所產生蘑菇狀固凝物現象的低溫水模系統。在熔融還原爐製程中雙套管用來裝置在爐底，內管使用氬氣攪拌鐵水，外環管通入碳氫化合物。碳氫化合物接觸鐵水分解吸熱，在噴吹管口形成固凝物，可以保護噴吹管與耐火材。固凝物形成機制是決定外型的重要因素。本研究是針對低溫水模的操作條件與噴吹管設計方面。
透明壓克力用在建構水模，是原比例的30％，水用來模擬鐵水。雙套管裝置在水模底部。內管使用常溫空氣，攪拌水模的水，外環管通入經由液態氮冷卻的乾燥空氣模擬碳氫化合物分解的過程。水因冷卻在噴吹管周圍形成冰帽。冰帽隨著噴吹條件與流場影響有不同型態表現。在水模中，通入氣體溫度約-100℃左右。經固定外環管流量，固定水溫，改變內部0攪拌氣體流量條件下，冰帽重量與冰帽高度皆隨內管流量增大而遞減，冰帽直徑減少量較不受影響。

In this research a low temperature water model has been established to study the formation of solid mushroom in the direct iron ore smelting reduction (DIOS) process. In DIOS process, double pore tuyeres are used to inject gases into the liquid bath. Argon gas is injected through inner pore for the stirring of molten iron and slag. Hydro- carbon gases are injected through the outer pore to react with molten iron. The reaction is endothermic and thus form a solid mushroom. The formation of the solid mushroom can cover the bottom tuyere and protect the refractory. It is then of vital importance for the solid mushroom to have appropriate dimension and shape to function properly. The aim of this research is to find the optimal design and operating condition to obtain solid mushroom of desired dimension and shape.
Transparent acrylic is used to construct a water model which is approximately 30% of the actual size. Water is used to simulate molten iron. Double pore tuyeres are inserted at the bottom of the vessel. Room temperature air is injected through the inner tube to stir the water while low temperature air which is cooled by liquid nitrogen is injected through the outer tube to simulate the heat extracting phenomena. As the ice cubes are formed in a steady state manner above the tuyere under various design and operating conditions, they are extracted from the water model to investigate their shapes, dimensions, and inner channel structures.
In the constructed water model, the air injected into the vessel through outer tube has been able to be lowered down to -100 degree C. Solid ice cubes of various shapes and dimensions have been obtained under different operating conditions. The results show that as the gas flow rate through inner tube is increased, the weight and height of the ice cube is decreased while its diameter remains relatively unchanged.

目 錄
中文摘要I
英文摘要II
目 錄IV
表目錄VII
圖目錄VIII
第一章 緒論1
1.1 研究背景1
1.1.1 傳統高爐煉鐵法簡介1
1.1.2 熔融還原煉鐵法特質2
1.1.3 熔融還原煉鐵製程介紹3
1.1.4 熔融還原煉鐵之優勢3
1.1.5 底吹管相關現象4
1.2 文獻回顧5
1.2.1 固凝物型態研究回顧5
1.2.2 耐火磚侵蝕研究回顧5
1.2.3 製程發展回顧5
1.2.3.1 底吹技術的演進5
1.2.3.2 底吹氣體的選擇7
1.2.3.3 底吹元件的發展8
1.2.3.4 噴嘴型底吹元件8
1.2.3.5 底吹元件的特性要求10
1.2.3.6 固凝物型態10
1.2.3.7 固凝物的成長11
1.3 研究目的與內容13
第二章 實驗原理30
2.1 實驗原理30
2.2 水模實驗的基本假設：30
第三章 實驗方法與步驟32
3.1 實驗方法32
3.1.1 熔融還原爐與縮小水模尺寸之間氣體流量換算32
3.1.1.1原尺寸水模流量轉換32
3.1.1.2 縮小水模流量計算36
3.3 實驗步驟43
3.3.1 儀器校正43
3.3.2 冰帽實驗46
3.3.3 雷射流場量測47
第四章 結果與討論69
4.1 儀器校正與設備使用69
4.1.1 質流計校正結果69
4.1.2 熱交換器的使用70
4.1.3 除濕裝置安裝72
4.1.4 溫度控制器程式設定72
4.1.5 溫度控制器的特性73
4.2 雙套管設計73
4.2.1 底吹管材質73
4.2.2 底吹管結構設計74
4.3 冰帽結構78
4.3.1 冰帽形成過程78
4.3.2 冰帽剖面結構分析80
4.3.3 冰帽數據分析82
4.3.3.1 冰帽重量與外管流量關係：83
4.3.3.2 冰帽直徑與外管流量關係：84
4.3.3.3 冰帽高度與外管流量關係：84
4.3.3.4 冰帽直徑/高度比值對於內管流量的關係85
4.4 水模流場85
第五章 結論139
第六章 未來研究方向141
第七章 參考文獻與附錄142

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