臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

智慧型運輸系統(Intelligent Transportation System；ITS)是一整合許多設備，藉由現今先進之電腦、資訊、電子、通訊與感測等科技的應用，透過所提供即時(real-time)資訊的溝通與連結以協同合作的方式來改善人、車、路等運輸次系統間互動關係的大型系統。然而，由於各式設備都具有其獨特的資料格式與通訊協定，例如GPS、TMC、Wi-Fi或Bluetooth等，因此設備間無法直接相互交換資料。
本研究提出一套在ITS中資料整合交換之機制(Integrated Data Exchange Platform；IDEP)，此機制包含四個層級以及數個元件分別作為資料的收送、加解密以及分派等，可將由外在設備收到的資料重新包裝成所設計之XML資料交換格式後，再經由不同傳輸方式發送給其他設備。且為求資料安全之考量，傳送之資料內容更可經由AES加密以達保護之作用。經實驗證實，本研究所提出的機制不但可行，且在資料量增加的情形下運算的時間亦不會顯著增加。因此，此機制可在少量運算下即可達成在各式設備間互相交換資料之目的。

An Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) incorporates a variety of equipment and devices all working in mutual harmony. However, each piece of equipment or device has its own data format and protocol such as GPS, TMC, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth. Therefore, they cannot exchange data with each other directly. In this paper, an integrated platform of data exchange in an ITS is proposed that can receive data from several types of equipment external to automobiles, repackage the received data, and then dispatch the data to different devices inside the vehicles. Based on this platform, data in equipment and devices can be interchanged to share data.

中文摘要 I
Abstract II
誌謝 III
Chapter 1. Introduction 1
1.1Background 1
1.2 Motivation 2
1.3 Organization of the Dissertation 3
Chapter 2. Literature Review 4
2.1 Planning and Development Trends of ITS Communication Platform 5
2.2 Current States of MANET Used in ITS of International Development 15
2.3 Application types and assessments of using MANET in ITS 39
2.4 Cases of development and building telematics 50
Chapter 3. Integrated Data Exchange Platform 63
3.1 Research Environments 64
3.2 Integrated Platform for Data Exchanging 65
3.3 Data-exchanging Scheme 72
3.4 Security Issue 74
Chapter 4. Implementation Model 76
4.1 Simulation program 76
4.2 Simulation situations 81
Chapter 5. Conclusion and Future Work 95
References 97

List of Tables
Table 1 Current states that MANET applied to the ITS services of international development 17
Table 2 The development and current states of using MANET in international ITS 36
Table 3 Comparison of communication systems used in ITS 41
Table 4 Comparison of communication systems used for location base broadcasting services 45
Table 5 Comparison of communication systems used for user information services 48
Table 6 Hardwares and softwares used in simulation of situation 1. 83
Table 7 The statistics in simulation of situation 1. 85
Table 8 Hardwares and softwares used in simulation of situation 2. 88
Table 9 The statistics in simulation of situation 2. 89
Table 10 Hardwares and softwares used in simulation of situation 3. 92
Table 11 Computer specifications used in simulation of situation 3. 93
Table 12 The statistics for one IDEP client in simulation of situation 3. 93
Table 13 The statistics for 3 IDEP clients in simulation of situation 3. 94
Table 14 The statistics for 5 IDEP clients in simulation of situation 3. 94

List of Figures
Fig. 1 System structure of TPEG 9
Fig. 2 Structure of information and communication platform in ITS 11
Fig. 3 MANET operation mode 13
Fig. 4 Fleetnet communication diagram 22
Fig. 5 the information service platform of users in Fleetnet 23
Fig. 6 Communication network topology 25
Fig. 7 ODMA operation model 27
Fig. 8 Experiments equipments and platform in RUSH 28
Fig. 9 AHS operation diagram 29
Fig. 10 Communication types between vehicles 41
Fig. 11 Communication technologies for location-base information broadcasting services. 44
Fig. 12 Frequency of handoff and routing in the short-range communication 48
Fig. 13 The software architecture of OSGi 54
Fig. 14 Steps of research 64
Fig. 15 Equipment and devices in an ITS environment 65
Fig. 16 Overview of IDEP 66
Fig. 17 Data flow charts of framework 68
Fig. 18 Data-exchanging scheme in XML 73
Fig. 19 The simulation interface and packed data without encryption. 77
Fig. 20 The simulation interface and packed data with encryption 78
Fig. 21 The flowchart of IDEP simulation program 80
Fig. 22 The simulation environment 81
Fig. 23 Simulation architecture of situation 1. 83
Fig. 24 LOCOSYS LS22000 Bluetooth GPS and TMC receiver 84
Fig. 25 Simulation result of situation 1 84
Fig. 26 The chart of part 1 in simulation of situation 1. 86
Fig. 27 The chart of first 200 records of part 2 in simulation of situation 1. 86
Fig. 28 Simulation architecture of situation 2. 87
Fig. 29 The driving path in the simulation of road testing. 88
Fig. 30 The chart of first 200 records in simulation of situation 2. 90
Fig. 31 The chart of all records in simulation of situation 2. 91
Fig. 32 Simulation architecture of situation 3. 92

[1]R. Bera et al (2008), "Modeling and Implementation Of Wireless Embedded System For Intelligent Transport System Application," IEEE International Conference on Industrial and Information Systems, pp. 1-6.
[2]S. V. Bana and P. Varaiya (2001), "Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA) for Robust Ad hoc Vehicle Communication Networks," IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems, pp. 962.
[3]L. Blazevic et al. (2001), "Self Organization in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks: the Approach of Terminodes," IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 166-174.
[4]L. Blazevic, S. Giordano, and J. Y. Le Boudec (2001), "Self Organized Routing in Wide Area Mobile Ad Hoc Networks," Proceedings of the Global Telecommunications Conference, vol. 5, pp. 2814-2818.
[5]H. Cai, Y. Lin (2008), "A Roadside ITS Data Bus Prototype for Intelligent Highways," IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 344-348.
[6]K. H. Chen et al (2008), "An NTCIP-based Semantic ITS Middleware for Emergency Vehicle Preemption," Intelligent Transportation Systems, pp. 363-368.
[7]L. Chisalita and N. Shahmehri (2002), "A Peer-to-Peer Approach to Vehicular Communication for the Support of Traffic Safety Applications, " The IEEE 5th International Conference on ITS, pp. 336-341.
[8]X. X. Diao et al (2008), "Cooperative Inter-Vehicle Communication Protocol Dedicated to Intelligent Transport Systems," New Technologies, Mobility and Security, pp. 1-5.
[9]N. S. Fahmy et al (2002), "Ad Hoc Networks with Smart Antennas Using IEEE 802.11-Based Protocols," IEEE International Conference on Communications, vol. 5, pp. 3144-3148.
[10]W. J. Franz et al (2001), "Internet on the Road via Inter-Vehicle Communications," GI Jahrestagung, pp. 577-584.
[11]D. B. Giralda et al (2005), "Intelligent System for Dynamic Transport Fleet Management," Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, vol. 1, pp. 773-776.
[12]A. S. Hassani, A. R. Momen, P. Azmi (2006), "Mobility Model of Vehicular Terminals in Cellular Networks," Information and Communication Technologies, vol. 2, pp. 2434-2437.
[13]S. Jie et al (2008), "Design and Implementation of Intelligent Transportation System Based on GPRS and Bluetooth Hybrid Model," Automation and Logistics, pp. 1381-1385.
[14]M. Joa-Ng, and I.T. Lu (2000), "A GPS-based Peer-to-Peer Hierarchical Link State Routing for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks," Proceedings of the Vehicular Technology Conference, vol. 3, pp. 1752-1756.
[15]I. Katramados et al (2008), "Heterogeneous Sensor Integration for Intelligent Transport Systems," RTIC 2008, pp. 1-8.
[16]Y. B. Ko, and N.H. Vaidya(1998), "Location-Aided Routing(LAR) in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks," Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE Int’l Conf. Mobile Computing and Networking, pp. 66-75.
[17]T. Kosch et al (2002), "Information Dissemination in Multihop Inter-Vehicle Networks," IEEE 5th International Conference on ITS, pp. 685-690.
[18]T. T. Lee (2008), "Research on Intelligent Transportation Systems in Taiwan," Control Conference 2008, pp. 18-23.
[19]X. Liu, Z. Fang,L. Shi (2007), " Securing Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks," Pervasive Computing and Applications 2007, pp. 424-429.
[20]Q. Luo (2008), "Research on Intelligent Transportation System Technologies and Applications," Power Electronics and Intelligent Transportation System 2008, pp. 529-531.
[21]P. Macker and M.S. Corson (1998), "Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and the IETF," ACM Mobile Computing and Communication Review, vol. 2, no. 2.
[22]R. Meier, A. Harrington, V. Cahill (2005), "A Framework for Integrating Existing and Novel Intelligent Transportation Systems," Intelligent Transportation Systems, pp. 154-159.
[23]M.Minea1, F.D.Grafu, A.C.Cormo (2007), "Reliable Integrated Communications for Urban Intelligent Transport Systems," Conference on Telecommunications in Modern Satellite, Cable and Broadcasting Services, pp. 617-620.
[24]H. Murakami (2003), "Telematics Services in Japan and KDDI’s Business Developments," KDDI Proprietary Information.
[25]R. Onishi et al (2001), "The Multi-agent System for Dynamic Network Routing," 5th International Conference on Autonomous Decentralized System, pp. 375-382.
[26]A. Prakash, R. Tripathi, (2008), "Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks Toward Intelligent Transport Systems," TENCON 2008 Conference, pp. 1-6.
[27]H. Rao, Y.B. Lin, I. Chlamtac (2001), "General Packet Radio Service (GPRS): Architecture, Interfaces, and Deployment," Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, pp. 77-92.
[28]K. Selvarajah, A. Tully, P. T. Blythe (2008), "ZigBee for Intelligent Transport System applications," Road Transport Information and Control Conference, pp. 1-7.
[29]H. Su et al. (2008), "The WiMax-Based Mobile Communication Platform," Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, pp. 1-4.
[30]M. T. Sun et al. (2000), "GPS-based Message Broadcasting for Inter-vehicle Communication," International Conference on Parallel Processing, pp. 279.
[31]W. Vandenberghe et al. (2008), " Design of A Scalable ITS Architecture Based on IP Datacast Over DVB-H/SH," ITS Telecommunications, pp. 390-395.
[32]Z.Wang, L.Liu, M.C.Zhou, N.Ansari (2008), "A Position-Based Clustering Technique for Ad Hoc Intervehicle Communication," IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 201-208.
[33]E. Welsh et al. (2002), "A Mobile Testbed for GPS-Based ITS/IVC and Ad Hoc Routing Experimentation," IEEE International Symposium on Wireless, Personal, Multimedia Communications, vol. 2, pp. 796-800.
[34]T. Yashiro et al. (1993), "A Network Based on Inter-Vehicale Communication", IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Vehicles, pp. 234-250.
[35]"802.11" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/802.11 (link checked june 2009).
[36]"Advanced Encryption Standard" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Advanced_Encryption_Standard, (link checked june 2009).
[37]"AMI-C 5001" http://www.ami-c.org, (link checked june 2009).
[38]"Asian 4: Telematics Market Development" http://www.frost.com/prod/servlet/market-insight-top.pag?docid=41850377, (link checked june 2009).
[39]"Bluetooth" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluetooth, (link checked june 2009).
[40]"Controller-Area Network" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus, (link checked june 2009).
[41]"Intelligent Transportation System" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Intelligent_Transportation_System, (link checked june 2009).
[42]"OSGi Service Platform Architecture" http://www.osgi.org/, (link checked june 2009).
[43]"OnStar" http://www.onstar.com/us_english/jsp/index.jsp, (link checked june 2009).
[44]"Telematics Valley" http://www.telematicsvalley.org/, (link checked june 2009).
[45]"TISA ::: Technologies" http://www.tpeg.org/en/technologies/, (link checked june 2009).
[46]"TPEG" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TPEG, (link checked june 2009).
[47]"Vehicle Telematics: Current & Future Directions" http://www.telematicsresearch.com/, (link checked june 2009).
[48]"中華智慧型運輸系統協會" http://www.its-taiwan.org.tw/, (link checked june 2009).
[49]"Introduction to Opportunity Driven Multiple Access (ODMA) ", IEEE C802.16mmr-05/012.
[50]American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)(2002), "The NTCIP Guide, updated version 3".
[51]COMmercial vehicle Electronic and Telematic Architecture(2000), "COMETA Architecture Handbook".
[52]DSRC International Task Force(2003), "Study on the Next Generation ITS Radio Communication in Japan".
[53]交通部科顧室計畫報告(2001), “ITS 資訊與通信發展平台整體架構規劃與標準化之探討,”編號：MOTC-STAO-90-01701。
[54]交通部科顧室計畫報告(2003), “智慧運輸系統資訊通訊實驗平台建構及系統標準與應用測試之研究,”編號：MOTC-STAO-91-01708。
[55]交通部科顧室計畫報告(2004), “廣域免基地台式無線電系統在智慧型運輸系統之應用研究與實作,”編號：MOTC-STAO-92-16。
[56]交通部科顧室計畫報告(2005), “結合車輛定位與無線通訊技術在新一代道路車輛管理系統之研究,”編號：MOTC-STAO-93-18。
[57]工研院IEK電子分項(2004), “Telematics產業之探索－車用資通訊系統與服務,”編號：ITRIEK-0453-S333。
[58]工研院經資中心(2004), “全球汽車電子蓄勢待發”。