臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

肥胖的問題近年來在全球已是備受注目的焦點，由於肥胖易導致疾病的發生。荷葉在『本草綱目』記載荷葉服之，令人瘦劣，單服可以消陽水浮腫之氣。因此，本研究利用常見的減肥用茶-荷葉，探討是否具有減少體脂肪之功效。以60隻10週齡雄性SD 大白鼠為實驗動物模式，分為對照組與實驗組，對照組餵予Purina 5001商業配方（3.4 Kcal/g），實驗組餵予高能量飲食(HE diet)(4.5 kcal/g)。實驗組根據荷葉甲醇萃出物（LLM）的額外添加分為0% (HE)、0.45% LLM、1.59% LLM、4.03% LLM、5.38% LLM，在預養階段，使HE組的大白鼠體重較對照組重20% (p＜0.05)，再開始餵予荷葉甲醇萃取物四週後犧牲。實驗結果發現，荷葉甲醇萃出物並不影響大白鼠攝食量，而荷葉甲醇萃出物的給予會使高劑量的組別(4.03%、5.38%)體重較HE組顯著降低(p<0.01)，實驗組(1.59%、4.03%、5.38%)可顯著使大白鼠血清TG下降，但血清TC方面，1.59%、5.38%組可使增加，與HE相較具顯著上升。血清中HDL-C在添加荷葉甲醇萃出物後，可使血清HDL-C增加，在1.59%及5.38%組與HE組具有顯著上升。在血糖方面，隨著荷葉甲醇萃出物的濃度增加，可使血液中葡萄糖濃度下降。肝臟TG在4.03%、5.38%組與HE組具有顯著差異(p<0.05)。0.45%、1.59%、4.03%、5.38%組能使肝臟TC下降。糞便TG在4.03%、5.38%組會與HE組具有顯著差異，糞便TC在添加1.59%、4.03%、5.38%組會使總膽固醇的排除增加。觀察脂肪細胞直徑發現高劑量組別(4.03%、5.38%)直徑會顯著較HE組小（p<0.05）。

關鍵字：肥胖、荷葉甲醇萃出物、SD大白鼠、脂肪細胞

Obesity has been a universal concern because it can be the cause of a lot of disease. The aim of our research is to estimate the effect of lotus leaf which is often used as diet tea in Chinese herbs on reducing body fat.
According to the Compendium of Materia Medica, a classic book of Chinese herbs, lotus leaf has a curing effect on obesity. In our experiment, we divided 60 SD rats into two groups, control and experiment group. In the control group we fed the rats with Purina 5001 commercial diet (3.4kcal/g). In the experiment group we fed the rats with high-energy (HE) diet (4.5kcal/g). The methanolic extract of lotus leaf（LLM）was added into high-energy diet to feed the experiment group. We used different dosages which were 0%, 0.45%, 1.59%, 4.03% and 5.38%. Before feeding the high-energy diet, we made the experiment group body weight 20% more than the control group (p<0.05). After that, we started to feed the experiment group with LLM for 4 weeks and then sacrificed the rats.
We found that feeding diet with LLM did not influence the amount of ingestion in SD rats. However, we found a significant decrease of body weight (p<0.01) in rats that were fed with LLM at dosage of 4.03%, 5.38% compared with those fed with HE diet. There was a significant decrease of serum TG in rats fed with 1.59%, 4.03%, and 5.38% LLM compared with HE diet. We also found a significant increase of serum TC in 1.59% and 5.38% LLM groups compared with HE diet.
In addition, in groups of feeding 1.59% and 5.38% LLM, HDL significantly increased compared with HE group. We also found that the concentration of LLM was negatively correlated with the decrease of blood sugar.
In the results of liver TG, there were significant different (p<0.05) in groups of 4.03% and 5.38% LLM compared with HE group. The liver TC decreased in groups of 0.45%, 1.59%, 4.03%, and 5.38% LLM.
In the results of fecal TG, there were significant different (p<0.05) in 4.03% and 5.38% LLM groups compared with HE group. We also found that in fecal TC, there was an increase of body cholesterol elimination in groups of 1.59%, 4.03% and 5.38% LLM.
Finally, we observed the diameter of adipose cells and found smaller diameter in high dosage group (4.03% and 5.38%) than in HE group (p<0.05).

Key Word： obesity、lotus leaf methanolic extract (LLM)、SD rat、adipose cell

目錄
中文摘要------------------------------------------------------------Ⅰ
英文摘要------------------------------------------------------------Ⅱ
目錄----------------------------------------------------------------Ⅳ
圖次----------------------------------------------------------------Ⅷ
表次----------------------------------------------------------------Ⅸ
第壹章、 前言------------------------------------------------------- 1
第貳章、 文獻整理--------------------------------------------------- 2
2.1肥胖---------------------------------------------------------- 2
2.1.1 肥胖的定義------------------------------------------------- 2
2.1.2 肥胖流行病學----------------------------------------------- 2
2.1.3 肥胖與疾病的關係------------------------------------------- 3
2.1.4 肥胖的原因------------------------------------------------- 5
2.1.4.1遺傳因子-------------------------------------------------- 6
2.1.4.2 環境因素------------------------------------------------- 7
2.1.5 肥胖與血脂------------------------------------------------- 8
2.1.6 肥胖與脂肪組織--------------------------------------------- 10
2.1.7脂肪組織與代謝---------------------------------------------- 12
2.1.8 肥胖與藥物------------------------------------------------- 13
2.2荷葉---------------------------------------------------------- 14
2.2.1 荷葉的簡介------------------------------------------------- 14
2.2.2 目前荷葉的研究--------------------------------------------- 15
2.2.3 具有降低體脂肪功效之活性物質------------------------------- 17
第参章、實驗流程---------------------------------------------------- 20
第肆章、實驗材料與方法----------------------------------------------- 21
4.1實驗材料----------------------------------------------------- 21
4.1.1荷葉材料--------------------------------------------------- 21
4.2 化學藥品溶劑------------------------------------------------- 21
4.2.1 試藥------------------------------------------------------- 21
4.2.2 溶劑------------------------------------------------------- 22
4.3酵素套組------------------------------------------------------23
4.4動物飼料組成--------------------------------------------------23
4.5儀器設備------------------------------------------------------23
4.6一般成分分析--------------------------------------------------24
4.6.1 水份------------------------------------------------------- 24
4.6.2 灰份------------------------------------------------------- 24
4.6.3 粗蛋白----------------------------------------------------- 25
4.6.4 粗脂肪----------------------------------------------------- 25
4.6.5 膳食纖維--------------------------------------------------- 26
4.6.6 碳水化合物總量--------------------------------------------- 27
4.6.7 總酚類化合物測定------------------------------------------- 27
4.6.8 類黃酮含量測定--------------------------------------------- 27
4.6.9 總生物鹼含量測定------------------------------------------- 28
4.7動物試驗------------------------------------------------------ 28
4.7.1動物飼養---------------------------------------------------- 28
4.7.2動物分組---------------------------------------------------- 29
4.8樣品收集及處理------------------------------------------------ 30
4.8.1血清-------------------------------------------------------- 30
4.8.2肝臟、腎臟、睪丸-------------------------------------------- 30
4.8.3副睪及副腎脂脂肪組織---------------------------------------- 31
4.8.4 脂肪細胞大小直徑--------------------------------------------- 31
4.9生化分析項目--------------------------------------------------- 31
4.9.1 血清脂質分析------------------------------------------------- 31
4.9.1.1 血清中膽固醇----------------------------------------------- 31
4.9.1.2 血清中三酸甘油酯測定--------------------------------------- 32
4.9.1.3 血清中血糖測定--------------------------------------------- 32
4.9.1.4 血清中GOT、GPT之測定------------------------------------- 32
4.9.1.5 血清中NEFA測定------------------------------------------- 33
4.9.1.6 血清中脂蛋白之測定----------------------------------------- 33
4.9.2 肝臟脂質----------------------------------------------------- 33
4.9.2.1 肝臟脂質萃取----------------------------------------------- 33
4.9.2.2 肝臟中總膽固醇、三酸甘油酯之測定--------------------------- 34
4.9.3糞便之分析--------------------------------------------------- 34
4.9.3.1 糞便脂質之萃取--------------------------------------------- 34
4.9.3.2 糞便總膽固醇、三酸甘油酯之測定----------------------------- 34
4.10 統計分析------------------------------------------------------ 34
第伍章、實驗結果---------------------------------------------------- 35
5.1 荷葉及甲醇萃出物的一般成分分析--------------------------------- 35
5.2 攝食量、體重以及組織臟器重量的變化----------------------------- 35
5.2.1攝食量的變化--------------------------------------------------- 35
5.2.2體重的變化---------------------------------------------------- 35
5.2.3飼料利用率---------------------------------------------------- 35
5.2.4 肝臟重量的變化----------------------------------------------- 36
5.2.5 睪丸重量的變化----------------------------------------------- 36
5.2.6 腎臟重量的變化----------------------------------------------- 36
5.2.7脂肪組織重量的變化---------------------------------------------36
5.2.8脂肪細胞大小---------------------------------------------------36
5.3血清脂質的變化---------------------------------------------------37
5.3.1血清中總三酸甘油酯濃度的變化-----------------------------------37
5.3.2血清中總膽固醇濃度的變化---------------------------------------37
5.3.3血清中VLDL膽固醇濃度的變化------------------------------------37
5.3.4血清中LDL膽固醇濃度的變化-------------------------------------37
5.3.5血清中HDL膽固醇濃度的變化-------------------------------------37
5.3.6粥狀動脈硬化指數的變化-----------------------------------------37
5.3.7血清中血糖的變化-----------------------------------------------38
5.3.8血清中非酯化型脂肪酸變化---------------------------------------38
5.3.9血清中麩胺酸草醋酸轉胺酶、麩胺酸丙酮酸轉胺酶-------------------38
5.4 肝臟脂質的變化-------------------------------------------------- 38
5.4.1 肝臟中總三酸甘油酯的變化-------------------------------------- 38
5.4.2 肝臟中總膽固醇的變化------------------------------------------ 38
5.5 糞便脂質的變化-------------------------------------------------- 38
5.5.1 糞便中總三酸甘油酯的變化-------------------------------------- 38
5.5.2 糞便中總膽固醇的變化------------------------------------------ 39
第陸章、討論-------------------------------------------------------- 40
第柒章、結論-------------------------------------------------------- 47
第捌章、參考文獻---------------------------------------------------- 48
第玖章、附錄-------------------------------------------------------- 58




圖次
圖1、脂肪細胞主要代謝路徑-------------------------------------------12
圖2、荷葉生物鹼之結構-----------------------------------------------18
圖3、高糖飲食誘導高三酸甘油血症-------------------------------------46
圖4、餵予不同飼料四週後之SD大白鼠體重增加狀況----------------------70
圖5、餵予不同飼料四週後之SD大白鼠副睪脂相對重量--------------------70
圖6、餵予不同飼料四週後之SD大白鼠副腎之相對重量--------------------71
圖7、餵予不同飼料四週後之SD大白鼠腹部細胞直徑----------------------71
圖8、餵予不同飼料四週後之SD大白鼠血清三酸甘油酯濃度----------------72
圖9、餵予不同飼料四週後之SD大白鼠血清中總膽固醇濃度----------------72
圖10、餵予不同飼料四週後之SD大白鼠血清VLDL-C濃度------------------73
圖11、餵予不同飼料四週後之SD大白鼠血清LDL-C濃度-------------------73
圖12、餵予不同飼料四週後之SD大白鼠血清HDL-C濃度-------------------74
圖13、餵予不同飼料四週後之SD大白鼠肝臟中三酸甘油酯含量------------ 74
圖14、餵予不同飼料四週後之SD大白鼠肝臟總膽固醇含量----------------75
圖15、餵予不同飼料四週後之SD大白鼠糞便三酸甘油酯含量--------------75
圖16、餵予不同飼料四週後之SD大白鼠糞便總膽固醇含量----------------76









表次
表1、衛生署BMI分級------------------------------------------------- 3
表2、白色脂肪組織和褐色脂肪組織的不同-------------------------------11
表3、動物試驗中各組飼料組成份---------------------------------------29
表4、煉乳成分表-----------------------------------------------------30
表5、動物試驗各組營養成分-------------------------------------------30
表6、荷葉一般成份分析---------------------------------------------- 60
表7、荷葉甲醇萃出物具減脂功能成分分析------------------------------ 61
表8、餵予不同飼料四週後之SD大白鼠攝食量、體重的影響---------------------62
表9、餵予不同飼料四週後之SD大白鼠之臟器重--------------------------63
表10、餵予不同飼料四週後之SD大白鼠腹部脂肪重及脂肪細胞大小----------64
表11、餵予不同飼料四週後之SD大白鼠血清三酸甘油酯、總膽固醇、各種脂蛋白膽固醇濃度----------------------------------------------------- 65
表12、餵予不同飼料四週後之SD大白鼠血清中血糖、非酯化型脂肪酸之變化--------------------------------------------------------------- 66
表13、餵予不同飼料四週後之SD大白鼠血清中麩胺酸草醋酸轉胺酶、麩胺酸丙酮酸轉胺酶活性變化---------------------------------------------- 67
表14、餵予不同飼料四週後之SD大白鼠肝臟三酸甘油酯、總膽固醇含量---- 68
表15、餵予不同飼料四週後之SD大白鼠糞便三酸甘油酯、總膽固醇含量--- 69

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