臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在本次大學申請入學的作業中，我們利用全球資訊網親和的介面來提供約十四萬考生的志願申請服務．在本篇論文中，我們將說明如何建置一個能夠提供大量使用者服務與快速回應的全球資訊網的系統，我們所使用的技術為以Foundry 的ServerIron 為最前端平衡網頁負載的分配器分散流量至20部以FreeBSD為作業系統，Squid作為靜態網頁快取，採用Apache為網頁伺服程式的網頁伺服器群，執行PHP所撰寫的程式連結後端的Sybase ASE 資料庫系統．我們所遭遇的問題如PHP 與 Sybase資料庫的連結，TANet2路由，檔案同步及DNS 更新及我們解決這些問題的方法也會在文中述及．而我們的系統自2月8日系統建置完畢上線後，至3月8日晚上10點為止20部網頁伺服器總共提供了約2676萬次的網頁存取，而至7月15日中午為止已經提供了7956萬次的網頁服務了．在這5個多月的時間中，我們的系統持續著提供使用者快捷與穩定的服務．

The Internet had been in our daily life for several years. With more and moreapplications are running through World Wide Web, we decided to put the University Entrance Application of year 2003 into the real action through the Internet to provide a quick and user friendly service. We use modern technology to design an efficient online web service system for University Entrance Application. The goal is to serve about 140,000 students, their relatives and friends for registering through the web service as soon as possible. In this thesis we’ll discuss the whole idea on how we set up the system by using modern operating system FreeBSD and open source applications such as Squid, Apache and PHP. And how we solve the problems we encountered such as PHP-Sybase connection, TANet2 routing, file synchronization and DNS update problems. We had provided about 27 millions of accesses since the system was set up at Feb 8th till March 8th and about 80 millions of web accesses until July 15th.

1. Introduction 1
1.1 Operating Systems 1
1.1.1 FreeBSD 1
1.1.2 NFS 1
1.1.3 Mail service: Sendmail 2
1.1.4 DNS: Bind 2
1.1.5 Time service: NTP 3
1.2 Web services and statistics 3
1.2.1 Apache httpd server 3
1.2.2 Squid proxy server 4
1.2.3 PHP 4
1.2.4 FreeTDS 5
1.2.5 MRTG 5
1.2.6 AWStats 6
1.3 DBMS 6
1.3.1 Sybase ASE 6
1.4 FTP 6
1.4.1 Proftpd 6
1.4.2 Rsync 6
1.5 Server Load balancing 7
1.5.1 Foundry ServerIron 7
1.6 Security 7
1.6.1 Private Network 7
1.6.2 Security Shell: SSH 7
1.6.3 IP Firewall: ipfw 8
1.6.4 Nessus 8
2. Setting up the CAAC service 10
2.1 Network setup 10
2.2 WEB server setup 11
2.3 NFS server setup 15
2.4 DBMS server setup 15
2.5 Database Backup 16
2.6 Time synchronization 17
2.7 FTP and Mail service setup 17
2.8 Security Enhancement 18
3 Troubleshooting 19
4 Conclusion and Future Work 23
5 References 24
A Appendices 26
A.1 Sample graphs generated by MRTG 26
A.2 Configurations and Tuning 30
A.2.1 Apache configuration 30
A.2.2 PHP configuration 30
A.2.3 FreeTDS configuration 32
A.2.4 Squid configuration 32
A.2.5 Rsync configuration 33
A.2.6 ProFTPD configuration 33
A.3 Hardware specifications 35
A.4 Software versions and simple descriptions 38

[01] http://www.apache.org/docs
[02] Dean Gaudet, Apache Performance Notes http://httpd.apache.org/docs/misc/perf-tuning.html
[03] James Hu , Nov 9, 1998, JAWS: Understanding High Performance Web Systems, http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~jxh/research/research.html
[04] Dean Gaudet, Apache Performance Tuning http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/misc/perf-tuning.html
[05] The FreeBSD Project: About FreeBSD’s Technological Advances, http://www.freebsd.org/features.html
[06] FreeBSD Handbook, http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/book.html
[07] Frequently Asked Questions for FreeBSD 2.x, 3.x and 4.x, http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/book.html
[08] Duane Wessels, 2001, SQUID Frequently Asked Questions. , http://www.squid-cache.org/Doc/FAQ/FAQ.html
[09] squid@visolve.com, May 26, 2002, Squid configuration manual, http://squid.visolve.com/squid24s1/contents.htm
[10] Oskar Pearson, Qualica Technologies (Pty) Ltd. , oskar@linux.org.za, 2003, Squid A User’s Guide, http://squid-docs.sourceforge.net/latest/book-full.html
[11] Mark Nottingham , Caching Tutorial for Web Authors and Webmasters, version 1.5 — January 19,2003, http://www.mnot.net/cache_docs/
[12] Lisa Phifer, VP Core Competence, INC.[February 28, 2000], Do-It-Yourself Caching: Squid 2.3, http://www.isp-planet.com/equipment/squid_intro.html
[13] David Guerrero, January 1999, Caching the Web: Improve your users browsing and save your bandwidth by using proxy servers to cache web pages. , http://www.david-guerrero.com/papers/squid/squid.htm
[14] John Dilley; Martin Arlitt,; Stéphane Perret, May, 1999, Enhancement and Validation of Squid’s Cache Replacement Policy, http://www.hpl.hp.com/techreports/1999/HPL-1999-69.html
[15] Arlitt, Martin; Cherkasova, Ludmila; Dilley, John; Friedrich, Richard; Jin, Tai, April 1999, Evaluating Content Management Techniques for Web Proxy Caches, http://fog.hpl.external.hp.com/techreports/98/HPL-98-173.html
[16] PHP Manual, http://www.php.net/manual/en/
[17] http://www.php.net/
[18] Brian Bruns, James K. Lowden, FreeTDS User Guide — A Guide to Installing, Configuring and Running FreeTDS , http://www.freetds.org/userguide/
[19] http://www.sun.com/
[20] http://www.foundrynet.com/
[21] Foundry Networks, Server Load Balancing in Today''s Web-enabled Enterprises, April 2002, http://www.foundrynet.com/solutions/appNotes/SLBenterprise.html
[22] http://www.sybase.com/
[23] MRTG, http://people.ee.ethz.ch/~oetiker/webtools/mrtg/
[24] http://www.isc.org/
[25] http://www.sendmail.org/
[26] Rsync Documentation, http://samba.anu.edu.au/rsync/documentation.html
[27] http://www.nessus.org/
[28] Hugo van der Kooij, 29 April 2002, Support Engineer Q&I Nederland, Nessus F.A.Q, http://www.nessus.org/doc/faq.html
[29] Hammerhead, http://hammerhead.sourceforge.net/
[30] MySQL, http://www.mysql.org/
[31] PostgreSQL, http://www.postgresql.org/
[32] RFC 958
[33] RFC 1597
[34] http://www.awstats.org/
[35] http://www.proftpd.org/
[36] RFC 1918
[37] http://www.ssh.com/