臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

電業自由化後，在合約市場運作方式下，發電公司與配電公司將簽訂各式各樣的電力合約，而獨立系統操作者有責任執行雙向合約的電力調度並維持系統安全之操作，因此自由化下雙向合約的電力調度問題將分成兩部分來描述，第一部分為求解「電力合約」和「備轉容量」的電力調度問題，其目的在於求得發電公司與配電公司之間所簽訂雙向合約與實際調度結果之間的差量最小化；並且考量各種限制條件，其中包含了容量耦合、備轉容量和線路傳輸容量限制等，亦考量輸電容量變小的效應及加入有關環保的環境限制條件，來評估擁擠的情況及環境因素對雙向電力合約的電力調度的影響，並運用直流電力潮流模型來簡化所探討的問題以及藉由內部點法之快速搜尋的技巧來處理此一最佳化問題，最後反覆的數值模擬，以作為獨立系統操作者制訂安全且公平的運轉調度策略之參考。

第二部分將考慮設置彈性交流傳輸系統設備，例如閘控串聯補償器以及閘控相移器，其目的在於解決或改善線路擁擠問題。藉由進化規劃演算法隨機尋優的特性，以避免僅收斂於局部最佳點的機會而達到近似整體最佳解，來處理此組合最佳化問題。並且亦將提供運轉規劃人員於線路擁擠時設置彈性交流傳輸系統設備於既設系統之效益評估與系統規劃之參考。

The major goal of this paper is to study the problem of power dispatch for bilateral contract. The proposed problem was separated into two parts in this thesis. The first deals with the deregulated electricity market, where Generation Company and Distribution Company will be permitted to establish bilateral service contracts in the market. The Independent System Operator (ISO) has an overall responsibility to execute these bilateral contracts as far as the operating conditions permit. In this thesis, the problem of power dispatch for bilateral contract is formulated as minimization of deviations from transaction requests made by market participants. In addition, various constraints consisting of capacity coupling, spinning reserve capacity and transmission line constraints are explicitly taken into account. We also consider the impact of transmission congestion and environmental constraints. DC load flow and interior point (IP) methods were used in solving this problem. According to various simulations, the proposed method is reliable and helpful for ISO’s power dispatch.

Second part of the thesis deals with the flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices, such as thyristor controlled series compensators and thyristor controlled phase shifters, under transmission congestion. Evolutionary Programming, known to avoid local convergence and achieve nearly global optimum, was used to solve this combinatorial optimization problem. FACTS installation tried to solve or improve congestion in the transmission network for bilateral contracts. It could also provide planning tools for system expansion for operators’ references.

目 錄
摘要 Ⅰ
Abstract Ⅲ
圖目錄 Ⅶ
表目錄 Ⅸ

第一章 緒論 1
1-1研究背景及動機 1
1-2研究流程與貢獻 2
1-3 論文架構 4
第二章 自由化之電力市場與FACTS設備之介紹 5
2-1電力市場變革之趨勢與衝擊 5
2-2電力市場的新架構 9
2-3新FACTS的設備及技術 16
第三章 問題的數學模式與等效模型 20
3-1 前言 20
3-2單一與連續時段合約調度 20
3-3串聯FACTS之等效直流模型 29
3-4 FACTS設置的問題 32
3-5加入FACTS的合約調度 34
第四章 研究方法 36
4-1內部點演算法 36
4-2進化規劃演算法 41
4-3內部點法配合進化規劃法的設計架構 46
第五章 數值模擬及討論 52
5-1前言 52
5-2 單一與連續時段合約調度分析 53
5-3 FACTS設置的問題分析 67
5-4 加入FACTS對合約調度分析 69

第六章 結論 72

參考文獻 74

參考文獻

[1]中國電機工程學會，”電力事業自由化” ，電工通訊，Aug 1998
[2]馬大康，”在電力自由化環境下電力買賣及電力系統調度之重要課題研究”，國科會計畫成果報告，NSC86-2213-E-110-039-T，1997.
[3]張志明，”電力自由化環境下購售電策略之研究”，國立中山大學電機研究所碩士論文，1998.
[4]翁銘廷，”電力系統競價隻最佳發電機輸出排程”，私立中原大學電機研究所碩士論文，1999.
[5]R.S.Fang and A.K.David ,”Optimal Dispatch Under Transmission Contracts”, IEEE Transactions on power system,Vol 14,No.2,May 1999.
[6] Franscisco D. Galiana and Marija Ilic,”A Mathematical Framework for Analysis and Management of Power Transactions under Open Access”,IEEE Transactions on power system,Vol 13,No.2,May 1998.
[7]John W.M.Cheng , Franscisco D. Galiana and Donald T.McGillis,”Studies of Bilateral Contracts with Respect to Steady-State Security in a Deregulation Environment”, IEEE Transactions on power system,Vol 13,No.3,August 1998.
[8] W.W. Hogan,“Contract Networks for Electric Power Transmission,” Journal of Regulatory Economics, Vo1.4, pp.211-242, 1992..
[9]G. A. Hamoud”Feasibility Assessment of Simultaneous Bilateral Transcations in a Competitive Energy Market”0-7803-4403-0/98 IEEE 1998.
[10]R.S.Fang and A.K.David ,”Security-Base Rescheduling of Transactions in a Deregulated Power System” IEE Proc.-Gener. Transm Distrib.,Vol.146No1.January 1999
[11]J.Y.Fan and L.Zhang,”Real-Time Economic Dispatch with Line Flow and Emission Constraints Using Quadratic Programming” IEEE Transactions on power system,Vol 13,No.2,pp.320-325,May 1998
[12]黃瓊誼，”彈性交流輸電系統介紹”，台電工程月刊，October,1996.
[13]S.Y.Ge and T S Chung ”Optimal Active Power Flow Incorporating Power Flow Control Needs in Flexible AC Transmission Systems” IEEE Transactions on power system,Vol 14,No.2, pp.738-744, May., 1999.
[14]G.Huaang and S.C.Hsieh ”Fast Textured Algorithms for Optimal Power Delivery Problems in Deregulated Environments” IEEE Transactions on power system ,Vol 13,No.2, pp.493-499, May., 1998.
[15]G.N.Taranto ,L.M.V.G.Pinto and M.V.F.Pereira”Representation of Facts Devices in Power System Economic Dispatch” IEEE Transactions on power system,Vol 7,No.2, pp.572-576, May., 1992.
[16]林惠民,陳曦照”應用二次內部點法於動態經濟調度之研究”,第十九屆電力工程研討會
[17]L.S. Vargas, V.H. Quintana and A. Vannelli,“ A Tutorial Description of an Interior Point Method and its Applications to Security-Constrained Economic Dispatch,” IEEE Transactions on power system,Vol 8, No.3, pp.1315-1323, Aug. ,1993.
[18]H. Wei, H. Sasaki and R. Yokoyama,“ An Application of Interior Point Quadratic Programming Algorithm to Power System Optimization Problems”, IEEE Transactions on power system,Vol 11,No.1, pp.260-266, Feb., 1996.
[19]李基立，”進化規劃法於汽電共生系統最佳運轉調度之應用”，國立中山大學電機研究所碩士論文，1999.
[20]T.T. Lie and W. Deng,“ Optimal Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) Device Allocation,” Journal of Electric Power and Energy Systems, Vol.19, No.2, pp.125-134,1997.
[21]Pierre Paterni , Sylvain Vitet, Michel Bena and Akihiko Yokoyama,”Optimal Location of Phase Shifters in the French Network by Genetic Algorithm” IEEE Transactions on power system,Vol 14,No.1, pp.37-42, Feb., 1999.
[22]L L Lai and J T Ma”Power Flow Control in FACTS Using Evolutionary Progamming”,IEEE Internation Conference 1995
[23]Hong-Tzer Yang,Pai-Chuan Yang,Ching-Lien Huang “Evolutionary Progamming Based Economic Dispatch for Unit with Non-smooth Fuel Cost Function” IEEE Transactions on power system,Vol 11,No.1,pp.112-118,May 1999.
[24]L L Lai , J T Ma “Applicaion of Evolutionary Progamming to Reactive Power Planning –Comparision with Nonlinear Programming Approach” IEEE Transactions on power system,Vol 12,No.1,pp.198-206, Feb 1997.
[25]L L Lai , J T Ma”Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch Using Evolutionary Progamming”IEEE/KTH Power Tech 1995.
[26] L L Lai , J T Ma,K P Wong , M Zhao and Hsasaki “Application of Evolutionary Progamming to Transmission System Planning “,IEE of Japan Power & Energy pp.147-152,1996.
[27]Loi Lei Lai “Intelligent System Applications in Power Engineering” John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York,1998
[28] A.J. Wood, and B.F. Wollenberg,” Power Generation Operation and Control,” John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York,1996