臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文目的在探討以有限元素法分析波導不連續問題之準確度增進及波導轉接設計的問題。在分析金屬波導不連續的問題上，乃利用有限元素法結合模態展開技術。其中有限元素法所使用之計算式可基於電場或磁場稱之電場計算式或磁場計算式。藉由平均以電場計算式與磁場計算式在相同切割情形下所計算之結果，有限元素法數值解之準確度增進乃進一步的被分析。
在準確度增進之探討中，本論文推導了有限元素法之電場計算式與磁場計算式及其所對應之變分式，並分析各變分式穩定點所代表之物理意義。除了推導有限元素法以電場計算式或磁場計算式，求解波導不連續問題之反射係數的數值誤差式外。論文中主要利用對許多問題的實際數值分析結果，來說明用平均電場計算式與磁場計算式兩種數值結果的優點。在研究中顯示，對於分析波導不連續問題之同一輸出入埠之同一模態反射係數，此法可提供有效之準確度增進。對於不同輸出入埠或不同模態散射係數，此法並未能提供有效之準確度增進，但由此法所得之兩個數值解，可進一步提供評估數值誤差之參考資料。
本論文之另一重點在設計波導不連續之轉接。在方形波導到平面波導轉接方面，我們提出一新的轉接結構，此結構之轉接機制主要利用平面電路之漸開槽式帶線探針至方形波導電場面的耦合轉接。文中除探討此轉接結構的設計方法外，亦就影響此結構特性的多項參數進行數值分析。
利用此新的方形波導到平面波導轉接結構，設計了包括槽線到方形波導、微帶線到方形波導、共面波導到方形波導等各種傳輸線之新的轉接結構。文中除了探討轉接結構的設計方法和程序外，也利用數值計算設計了X頻帶與Ka頻帶的轉接，並對許多設計結果進行實驗驗證。從設計結果顯示，此轉接設計具有寬頻、小尺寸、易組裝、低製造成本和高可靠度等優點。
最後，利用共振耦合機制設計一新的微帶線到共面波導的平面波導間的寬頻轉接結構。同樣的，除了探討轉接結構的設計方法和程序外，亦利用數值計算設計了C頻帶與K頻帶的轉接，並對C頻帶設計結果進行實驗驗證。此轉接結構的主要特點包括有寬頻、易製造、不需在電路板上穿孔及打線等，因此具有廣泛被應用在射頻電路之潛力。

To improve the accuracy of FEM for waveguide discontinuity problems and waveguide transition design are investigated in this dissertation. The FEM method hybridizing modal expansion technique is employed to solve metallic waveguide discontinuity problems. The FEM was formulated in terms of electric or magnetic fields, called E- or H- formulations. By averaging the results obtained from E- and H-formulations with the same meshes, the accuracy improvement in the solution is analyzed.
In the study, the E- and H-formulations for FEM are derived and their corresponding variational forms are described. The numerical errors of FEM using E- and H-formulation are also discussed. Some numerical results are presented to demonstrate the advantages of the finite element method by averaging the results obtained from E- and H-formulations with the same meshes. From our analysis, the accuracy of the S11 calculated with FEM can be dramatically improved for the same mode at the same port by taking the average from both E- and H-formulations with the same meshes. For scattering coefficients due to different modes or different ports, the results by dual formulations can yield a measure of the error range, but taking average does not necessarily improve the accuracy significantly.
Another issue of interest in the dissertation is the transition design among waveguide and various planar transition lines. For waveguide to planar circuit transition, a new transition mechanism is proposed. The transition mechanism is based on the concept of tapered slot antenna and E-plane probe coupling. The design of the proposed transition mechanism is investigated in detail. Parameters of the new tapered slot probe are studied by numerical simulation.
The newly developed tapered CPS probe is applied to different planar circuit to waveguide transition design, including slotline-to-waveguide, microstrip-to- waveguide and CPW-to-waveguide. The method and procedure to design the transitions are investigated. The X-band and Ka-band transition design is demonstrated by numerical simulation and some transitions have also been fabricated and verified by measurement results. The characteristics of the transitions exhibit advantages of broad bandwidth, compact size, easy integration, low fabrication cost, and high reliability.
Finally, a new broadband microstrip-to-CPW transition based on microstrip electrical field and CPW magnetic field resonant coupling is proposed. The design procedure is investigated in detail and the equivalent circuit model is also described. The C-band and Ka-band transition are designed by numerical simulation and the C-band transition is also verified by measurement result. The features of this transitions are broad bandwidth, easy fabrication and no via or bonded-wire. The features will provide the transition a wide range of application in MIC/MMIC circuits.

Cover
Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 RESEARCH MOTIVATIONS
1.2 LITERATURE SURVEY
1.3 CONTRIBUTIONS
1.4 CHAPTER OUTLINES
Chapter 2 Finite Element Method for Waveguide Discontinuity Problems
2.1 E- AND H-FORMULATIONS
2.2 EDGE-BASED TETRAHEDRAL FEM
2.3 NUMERICAL DISCRETIZATION ERRORS
Chapter 3 Accuracy Improvement by Dual E- and H- Formulations
3.1 1-D HOMOGENEOUS WAVEGUIDE
3.2 ACCURACY IMPROVEMENT FOR 3-D PROBLEM
3.3 WAVEGUIDE DISCONTINUITY PROBLEMS
3.4 SUMMARY
Chapter 4 Planar Circuit to Waveguide Transition with Tapered CPS Probe
4.1 PLANAR CIRCUIT TO WAVEGUIDE TRANSITION MECHANISM
4.2 TRANSITION PROFILE DESIGN FOR TRANSITION
4.3 PARAMETERS STUDY
4.4 SUBSTRATE EFFECTS
4.5 SLOTLINE-TO-WAVEGUIDE TRANSITION DESIGN
4.6 SUMMARY
Chapter 5 Microstrip Line and CPW to Waveguide Transitions by Tapered CPS Probe
5.1 MICROSTRIP-TO-WAVEGUIDE TRANSITION
5.2 CPW-TO-WAVEGUIDE TRANSITION
5.3 SUMMARY
Chapter 6 New Broadband Microstrip-to-CPW Transitions
6.1 TRANSITION DESIGN AND EQUIVALENT-CIRCUIT MODEL
6.2 SIMULATION AND MEASUREMENT RESULTS
6.3 SUMMARY
Chapter 7 Conclusions
References
Publications List

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