臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

多元化的社會裡，每個人基於個人的生活經驗，對事物的看法及追求自身利益，產生了對森林的不同使用態度和價值觀，這種相異的行為，自易引發森林經營、管理及使用上的各種衝突及爭議。
本研究即在揚棄傳統以精英決策的資源管理方式，而改以公眾參與式，並且關注在有效率的公眾參與處理過程，以理性和共有利益為基礎的解決方式。透過調適性經營機制，融入利害關係人協同合作的關係，建構出適合我國處理或解決環境衝突的程序。
經由個案研究發現，衝突的雙方有權利及責任不均等的現象，對於處理的期限亦有不同的認知，由於處理歷史案件的複雜性、授權範圍的準確性、參與團體（或個人）的代表性，替選解決方案的合宜性、專業學術單位的協助、教育訓練的強化，建立問題解決的機制、環境衝突解決的法制化、林業經營上的變革等因素，在在影響環境衝突處理的結果。
歸納研究結果，環境衝突處理程序，包括了：案情分析、授權處理範圍、確認利害關係人、提供學習訓練的機會，建立相互依賴的合作關係，共同指認問題、協議處理過程、創造共同願景及執行等過程，每一個過程皆可以計畫、行動、監測和評估階段來操作，營造利害關係人持續不斷的對話、討論、共識及決定，俾資有效解決環境爭議問題。

In the diversifying society, everyone has different conception and sense of value toward forest usage because of his life experience, opinion of things, and self-benefits. Such kinds of distinct behaviors are easy to induce conflict and dispute over forest operation, stewardship, and usage.
This research exactly discards traditional resources management and elite decision-making, and switches to public participation. It focuses on efficient process of public participation, and utilizes solutions based on rational manner and common interest. Through adaptive management, merging collaboration of stakeholder, and constitute a method which is suitable for settlement and resolving environmental conflicts.
To summarize the research results, we discover that there’s a phenomenon that both conflicting sides have unequal rights and responsibilities; along with different knowledge, the deadlines of management are different. Besides, the complexity in disposing historical cases, the accuracy in authorizing bounds, the representative of participating companies or individuals; accuracy of substitute solution, assistance from academic institute, as well as to strengthen of the educational training, establish problem-resolving mechanism, legal institutions of settling environmental conflicts, and revolution in forest administration…etc. All of these affect the results of environmental conflicts transaction.
Inducing the research outcome, the processes of solving environmental conflicts include: analyzing details, authorizing managed bounds, confirming stakeholder offering the opportunities for learning and training to establish mutual—trust working relationship, indicating questions along, consulting transactional processes, creating com-visions and implementation…etc. Every single process can be planned, acted, monitored, and evaluated different stages to operate, and build conversations, discussions, mutual-identifications, and determines in stakeholder to solve environmental issues efficiently.

第一章 緒論………………………………………………………….1
第一節 研究動機與目的………………………………………….1
第二節 研究架構………………………………………………….4
第三節 研究方法與步驟……………………………………….10
第四節 研究限制………………………………………………15
第五節 研究章節與流程………………………………………15
第二章 問題提出與分析………………………………………….….24
第一節 林業經營現況…………………………………………24
第二節 林業經營環境的窘態………………………………….29
第三節 國內自然資源衝突管理概況…………………………...35
第四節 國內自然資源衝突管理方面的研究…………………36
第五節 小結……………………………………………………...39
第三章 理論基礎……………………………………………………..42
第一節 環境衝突………………………………………………...42
第二節 衝突解決………………………………………………55
第三節 小結……………………………………………………...66
第四章 個案研究一：阿里山神木倒伏處理案………………………78
第一節 衝突事件處理歷程……………………………………78
第二節 阿里山神木描述……...…………………………………79
第三節 林務局在衝突事件上的處理態度……………………80
第四節 神木處理案的過程分析………………………………82
第五節 神木處理案的過程檢討………………………………...84
第六節 調適性經營協力圈處理過程的檢討…………………85
第五章 個案研究二：國立台灣大學實驗林地管理使用與墾民
衝突案..………………………………………………………92
第一節 衝突背景………………………………………………92
第二節 台大實驗林土地使用變遷………………………….93
第三節 兩造爭端………………………………………………...95
第四節 台大實驗林地管理使用與墾民衝突案的過程分析…...98
第五節 台大實驗林地管理使用與墾民衝突案的過程檢討…118
第六節 調適性經營協力過程圈處理程序的檢討…….………126
第六章 環境衝突處理之程序建構………………....………………133
第七章 結論與建議…………………………………………………137
第一節 結論…………………………………………………….137
第二節 建議……………………………………………………141
第三節 後續研究………………………………………………142
參考文獻………………………………………………………………146
附表1：八十八至九十一年間森林衝突處理問題彙整表…………....160
附表2：各種爭議解決過程及其注意事項……………………………172
附表3：阿里山神木大事紀……………………………………………175
附表4：國立台灣大學實驗林地管理使用與墾民衝突案處理經過…180
附錄1：棲蘭山區枯立倒木處理衝突演變情形………………………184
附錄2：台大實驗林契約林地分布圖…………………………………192
附錄3：環境衝突處理程序……………………………………………193

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