臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

　　2008年金融危機之發生不僅造成全球經濟衰退，更突顯出舊的歐洲聯盟金融監管法制所面臨之問題。歐盟金融監管體系為其金融服務政策中重要的一環。歐盟的金融服務政策旨在提供一個穩定、安全且有效之金融市場，確保各金融業部門所制定之政策間之協調與趨同。

　　本文首先介紹歐盟在達成經濟與貨幣統合目標上，所歷經之各項重要里程碑，俾對歐盟經濟市場背景有初步了解。其中，經濟整合所確立之四大自由流通(人員、貨物、服務與資金)與三大立法原則(基本標準之協調、相互承認原則與母國控制原則)為歐盟單一金融市場之發展建構重要基礎。基於單一金融市場之規範乃透過各項規章與指令之頒布所形塑，本文亦將檢視銀行、保險與證券業之主要立法措施。

　　論文第三章介紹2011年「歐洲金融監督系統」(ESFS)新制。透過分析2008年金融危機之成因，歐盟金融監管舊制之缺失得以顯現，因此歐盟自2008年開始檢討金融業之監督規範。時任歐盟執委會主席José Manuel Barroso於2008年10月，授權由前IMF總裁Jacques de Larosière領導歐盟金融監督高級專家小組，分析當前歐盟金融系統之潛在缺失，並對於金融監管安排之強化提出建議。本章主要介紹該等專家小組所建議之「歐洲金融監督系統」(ESFS)內容，ESFS之下分為兩大支柱，包括負責總體審慎監督之「歐洲系統風險委員會」(ESRB)與負責個體審慎監督之「歐洲監督機關」(ESAs)，二者被寄予共同維護歐盟金融體系健全之任務。

　　鑒於歐盟各國目前已從主權債務危機發展為銀行危機，嚴重影響歐盟金融市場之運作與歐元匯率之穩定。為截斷主權債務危機與銀行危機之惡性循環，遂有「銀行業聯盟」(Banking Union)之倡議，希望強化對歐元區會員國銀行業整體之監督，完成單一銀行市場。論文第四章主要介紹執委會於2012年9月所頒布之「單一監管機制」(Single Supervisory Mechanism，SSM)之相關規章草案內容，包括由歐元區會員國移轉給歐洲中央銀行(ECB)之監督權限的介紹，以及在可能有權限重複之問題上，歐洲銀行管理局(EBA)功能之協調解決安排。

　　The financial crisis in 2008 has not only resulted in economic recession worldwide but has also revealed problems with the old EU financial supervisory and regulatory structure. The EU financial supervision and regulation system is one of the important parts in financial services policy. The purpose of European financial services policy is to provide a stable, safe and efficient financial market, and to ensure policies enacted by every financial sector are coordinated and converged.

　　This article first explores every important milestone that EU has gone through in reaching the goal of economic and monetary integration, in order to provide a basic understanding of economic markets in the EU. The four freedoms - free movement of people, goods, services and capital as well as the three legislative principles- the principle of harmonization of essential standards, the principle of mutual recognition amongst the regulatory authorities, and the principle of home country control jointly provide an important basis for the development of a single financial market in the European Union. Since the legal regime of a single financial market is constructed on several regulations and directives, this article is also trying to investigate the major legislative measures in the financial sectors of banking, insurance and securities.

　　Chapter Three of this article introduces the new legal regime of the European System of Financial Supervisors (ESFS). By analyzing the reasons for the 2008 financial crisis, problems with the old European financial supervision and regulation system surfaced; therefore, the EU has begun to review the supervisory rules governing the financial sectors since 2008. José Manuel Barroso- president of the European Commission has delegated Jacques de Larosière- the former managing director of the IMF, to lead the high level group on financial supervision in the EU, to analyze the latent defects existing in the financial system in the EU at the time, and to make suggestions for strengthening the arrangements concerning financial supervision. This chapter mainly introduces the details of the ESFS that the high level group has suggested. Under the new EU system of financial regulation and supervision are the two pillars, ESRB and ESAs. While the former is responsible for macro-prudential supervision, the latter consists of three ESA which are responsible for micro-prudential supervision. Both are to carry out the mission of preserving the stability of the EU financial system.

　　To date, the sovereign debt crisis has developed into the banking crisis in the EU, which has severely influenced functioning of the financial markets in the EU and the stability of the exchange rate of euro. In order to terminate this vicious circle of two crises, a new plan of Banking Union has been initiated, in the hope that the EU can strengthen its supervision over all banking sectors of the member states in the euro zone, and complete the single banking market. Chapter Four thus explores the related draft regulation of Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM), which were promulgated by the European Commission in September, 2012. In brief, the draft regulation is to introduce how the member states in the euro zone authorized the ECB of the supervisory power; and in case of repetition of such power possessed by the ECB and the EBA, how the functions of the EBA will be coordinated and arranged.

目錄
專有名詞原文與中文翻譯對照表
第一章緒論 1
第一節研究動機與目的 1
第二節研究方法與預期結果 3
第三節研究範圍與限制 3
第四節文獻探討 4
第五節本文架構 5
第二章歐洲聯盟金融監管法制之發展沿革 6
第一節概述 6
第二節歐盟經濟整合與單一金融市場之建立 7
第一項歐盟經濟整合之過程 7
第二項歐盟單一金融市場之發展 17
第三節1999年「金融服務業行動計畫」(Financial Services Action Plan) 與
2005年「金融服務政策白皮書」(White Paper on Financial Services Policy) 24
第一項金融服務業行動計畫(1999-2005年) 25
第二項金融服務政策白皮書(2005-2010年) 31
第四節 2000年「Lamfalussy程序」 36
第一項建議改革之方向 36
第二項Lamfalussy程序介紹 37
第三項Lamfalussy程序之檢討 46
第五節小結 48
第三章 2011年歐洲聯盟金融監管法制 49
第一節de Larosière報告與ESFS架構 49
第二節2008年歐盟金融危機爆發之成因 53
第三節歐洲系統風險委員會(ESRB) 58
第一項 ESRB之法律地位 58
第二項ESRB之組織結構 59
第三項 ESRB之主要使命與職責 62
第四項ESRB職權之檢討 66
第四節歐洲金融監督機關(ESAs) 68
第一項 ESAs之法律地位 69
第二項ESAs之組織結構 69
第三項ESAs之主要使命與職責 75
第四項救濟制度 94
第五節各ESA之職責與功能分析 96
第一項歐洲銀行監理局 (EBA) 96
第二項歐洲保險暨職業年金監理局 (EIOPA) 96
第三項歐洲證券暨市場監理局 (ESMA) 98
第六節小結 99
第四章歐洲聯盟金融業監管之分析：以銀行業為例 100
第一節概述 100
第二節單一銀行市場之發展 102
第三節單一監管機制(SSM) 103
第一項 SSM之法源基礎 103
第二項ECB之監督權限介紹 104
第三項 SSM與EBA之功能協調 108
第四節歐盟會員國銀行監管架構介紹：以法國為例 110
第一項法國銀行監管法制 110
第二項法國銀行監管機關 111
第五節小結：兼述SSM之未來發展 114
第五章結論 116
參考文獻 118

圖表目錄
Lamfalussy架構下之主要負責機關(表一) 41
EBA之職責內容與享有職權之依據對照表(表二) 76

Lamfalussy程序(圖一) 42
Lamfalussy架構下各機關之互動流程(圖二) 43
ESFS架構下ESRB與三個ESAs之互動：資訊交換、給予警告和建議(圖三) 52
EBA採取監管與實施技術標準草案流程圖(圖四) 80
EBA調查違反歐盟法案件流程圖(圖五) 83
EBA針對緊急狀況採取措施流程圖(圖六) 85
關於會員國之保障條款(圖七) 92
救濟制度流程圖(圖八) 95

一、中文部分
(一) 書籍
丁邦開、周仲飛(2004)。金融監管學原理，北京：北京。
張亞中(1998)。歐洲統合：政府間主義與超國家主義的互動，臺北：揚智。
陳麗娟(2010)。《里斯本條約後歐洲聯盟新面貌》，臺北：五南。
陳麗娟(2011)。債信風暴：歐洲金融市場分析與因應，臺北：五南。
謝易宏(2009)。繁華落盡--經典財經案例選粹，臺北：五南。
鄒忠科、沈娟娟、蔡裕鎮(2011)。歐洲聯盟史，臺北：五南。

(二) 期刊論文
王煦棋(2012)。從美國與歐盟存保法制經驗看中國存款保險法制之建制，東吳法律學報，23卷3期，頁1-40。
李仁真、劉軼(2006)。論歐盟金融服務法中的母國控制原則，法學評論，4期，頁77-84。
林詠喬、林宣君、徐珮甄、林昱廷、吳逸萱、徐曉薇(2011)。全球交易所之過去與未來—WFE50週年特刊摘要，證交資料，585期，頁8-30。
洪德欽(1999)。歐體銀行自由化之研究，歐美研究，29卷3期，頁77-141。
郭秋榮(2010)。全球金融監理改革方向與啟示，經濟研究，10期，頁223-248。
陳麗娟(2012)。金融風暴後保險監理發展之探討：以歐盟為例，月旦財經法，31期，頁37-76。
楊偉文(2009)。金融監理機關功能性組織調整之研究，臺北大學法學論叢，70期，頁157-255。
劉軼(2007)。論歐盟金融服務法中的最低限度協調原則，河北法學，25卷8期，頁164-169。
劉軼(2007)。論歐盟金融服務法中的母國控制原則，法學論壇，21卷3期，頁131-137。

(三) 研究報告
李桐豪、李智仁、林士傑、唐正道、盧淑惠、戴郁文(2011年)。金融海嘯後全球金融改革方向之研究，財團法人台灣金融研訓院研究報告，頁1-140。
賀蘭芝、官佳璿、劉棟賢(2009)。從次貸風暴看國際監理，台北外匯市場發展基金會委託計畫，頁1-131。

(四) 網路資源
行政院金融監督管理委員會
http://www.fsc.gov.tw/ch/index.jsp
簡國帆，〈ECB 明年監管歐元區銀行〉，《經濟日報》，2013年3月21日，http://udn.com/NEWS/WORLD/WOR2/7777738.shtml。
陶冶，〈歐盟擬統一監管歐元區銀行業〉，《金融時報》，2012年9月13日，
http://forex.hexun.com.tw/2012-09-13/145793828.html。
歐洲經貿辦事處，〈投資歐盟〉，2012年，
http://eeas.europa.eu/delegations/taiwan/documents/eu_taiwan/trade_regulation_events/2012_invest.pdf
證券暨期貨市場發展基金會，〈法國證券市場相關制度〉，
http://libsvr.sfi.org.tw/torica97web/download/France99.pdf

二、英文部分
(一) 書籍
DESMOND DINAN, EVER CLOSER UNION：AN INTRODUCTION TO EUROPEAN INTEGRATION (Lynne Rienner Publishers) (2005).
EILÍS FERRAN, BUILDING AN EU SECURITIES MARKET (CambridgeUniversity Press) (2005).
ETAY KATZ ed., FINANCIAL SERVICES REGULATION IN EUROPE (Oxford University Press) (2008).
JEAN-CLAUDE PIRIS, THE LISBON TREATY-A LEGAL AND POLITICAL ANALYSIS (Cambridge University Press) (2010).
MICHAEL RAFFAN, A PRACTITIONER'S GUIDE TO EU FINANCIAL SERVICES DIRECTIVES (City & Financial Publishing) (2006).
NIGEL FOSTER, EU LAW DIRECTIONS (Oxford University Press) (2010).

(二) 期刊論文
Andrea M. Corcoran, Terry L. Hart, The Regulation of Cross-Border Financial Services in the EU Internal Market, 8 Columbia Journal of European Law, 221-292 (2002).
Anu Arora, The Global Financial Crisis: A New Global Regulatory Order?, 8 Journal of Business Law, 670-699 (2010).
Bart P. M. Joosen, The Limitations of Regulating Macro-Prudential Supervision in Europe, 25(10) Journal of International Banking Law and Regulation, 493- 501 (2010).
Eilis Ferran, Kern Alexander, Can Soft Law Bodies Be Effective? The Special Case of the European System Risk Board, 35(6) European Law Review, 751- 776 (2010).
Eleni D. Nikolaou, To What Extent Has the EU Banking Regulation Accomplished a Single Banking Objective Alongside the Protection and Inclusion of Customers?, 27(3) Journal of International Banking Law and Regulation, 144-152 (2012).
Graeme Baber, The European Systemic Risk Board, 32(8) Company Law, 225- 226 (2011).
Luis Garicano, Rosa M. Lastra, Towards a New Architecture for Financial Stability: Seven Principles, 13 Journal of International Economic Law, 597-621 (2010).
Marta Bozina Beros, Europe’s Regulatory Reform After the Crisis—A Macroprudential Perspective, 16Columbia Journal of European Law Online, 47- 51 (2010).
Michael Dougan, Minimum Harmonization and the Internal Market, 37(4) Common Market Law Review, 853- 885 (2000).
Pablo Iglesias Rodriguez, Towards a New European Financial Supervision Architecture, 16 Columbia Journal of European Law Online, 1- 7(2009).
Paul Weismann, The European Financial Market Supervisory Authorities and Their Power to Issue Binding Decisions, 27(12)Journal of International Banking Law and Regulation, 495- 500(2012).
Peter O. Mülbert, Alexander Wilhelm, Reforms of EU Banking and Securities Regulation after the Financial Crisis, 26 Banking and Finance Law Review,187-231 (2011).
Peter Snowdon, Simon Lovegrove, The New European Supervisory Structure, 83 Compliance Officer Bulletin, 1- 39(2011).
Peter Yeoh, The Challenges and Implications of Systemic Risks for Financial Regulation, 31(12) Company Law, 389-397(2010).
Roberta S. Karmel, The Controversy Over Systemic Risk Regulation, 35 Brooklyn Journal of International Law , 823- 843 (2010).
Rosa M. Lastra, The Crisis of 2007-09: Nature, Causes, and Reactions, 13(3) Journal of International Economic Law, 531- 539(2010).
Sideek M. Seyad, The Impact of the Proposed Banking Union on the Unity and Integrity of the European Union’s Single Market, 28(3)Journal of International Banking Law and Regulation,99- 108 (2013).

(三) 會議論文
Jean Dermine, European Banking: Past, Present and Future, paper presented to the Conference of the Transformation of the European Financial, Frankfurt am Main (2002).

(四) 研究報告
Alastair Sutton, Karel Lannoo, Jean-Pierre Casey, EU Financial Regulation and Supervision Beyond 2005, CEPS Task Force Report No. 54 (2005).
Financial Services Authority, Working towards Effective and Condident European Supervisory Authorities – The FSA’s views on Policy Considerations (2010).
FSB Publications, Shadow Banking: Strengthening Oversight and Regulation, Recommendations of the Financial Stability Board (2011).
House of Lords: European Union Committee, The Future of EU Financial Regulation and Supervision, 14th Report of Session 2008-2009 (2009).
Myriam Vander Stichele, Financial Regulation in the European Union: Mapping EU Decision Making Structures on Financial Regulation and Supervision, The Centre for Research on Multinational Corporations – SOMO (2008).

(五) 官方文件
1. 條約
Consolidated Version of the Treaty Establishing the European Community, OJ 2006, C 321 E/37.
Consolidated Version of the Treaty on European Union, OJ 2010, C 83/01.
Consolidated Version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, OJ 2008, C 115/47.
Single European Act, OJ 1987, L 169/1.
Treaty of Lisbon Amending the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty Establishing the European Community, OJ 2007, C 306/1.
Treaty of Amsterdam Amending the Treaty on European Union, the Treaties, Establishing the European Communities and Related Acts, OJ 1997, C340/1.
Treaty of Nice Amending the Treaty on European Union, the Treaties, Establishing the European Communities and Certain Related Acts, OJ 2001, C80/1.
Treaty on European Union (Maastricht text), July 29, 1992, OJ 1992,C 191/1.
Treaty Establishing the European Economic Community, Mar. 25, 1957, 298 U.N.T.S. 11.

2. 議定書
Consolidated version of the Treaty on European Union Protocol No 36 on Transitional Provisions, OJ 2008, L 115/322.

3. 規章
Regulation 3181/78/EEC Relating to the European Monetary System, OJ 1978, L379/2.
Regulation 2560/2001/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on Cross-Border Payments in Euro, OJ 2001, L 344/13.
Regulation 1092/2010/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on European Union Macro-Prudential Oversight of the Financial System and Establishing a European Systemic Risk Board, OJ 2010, L 331/1.
Regulation 1093/2010/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council Establishing a European Supervisory Authority (European Banking Authority) Amending Decision No 716/2009/EC and Repealing Commission Decision 2009/78/EC, OJ 2010, L331/12.
Regulation 1094/2010/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council Establishing a European Supervisory Authority (European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority) Amending Decision No 716/2009/EC and Repealing Commission Decision 2009/79/EC, OJ 2010, L 331/48.
Regulation 1095/2010/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council Establishing a European Supervisory Authority (European Securities and Markets Authority) Amending Decisiong No 716/2009/EC and Repealing Commission Decision 2009/77/EC, OJ 2010, L 331/84.
Regulation 648/2012/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 July 2012, on OTC Derivatives, Central Counterparties (CCPs) and Trade Repositories (TRs) (EMIR), OJ 2012, L 201/1.

4. 指令
Directive 2006/48/EC on the European Parliament and of the Council Relating to the Taking up and Pursuit of the Business of Credit Institutions (Recast) (Text with EEA Relevance), OJ 2006, L 177/1.
Directive 2006/49/EC on the European Parliament and of the Council on the Capital Adequacy of Investment Firms and Credit Institutions (Recast), OJ 2006, L 177/201.
Directive 89/646/EEC on the Coordination of Laws, Regulations and Administrative Provisions Relating to the Taking up and Pursuit of the Business of Credit Institutions and Amending Directive 77/780/EEC, OJ 1989, L 386/1.
Directive 88/361/EEC for the Implementation of Article 67 of the Treaty,O J 1988, L 178/1.
Directive 73/183/EEC on the Abolition of Restrictions on Freedom of Establishment and Freedom to Provide Services in Respect of Self- Employed Activities of Banks and Other Financial Institutions, OJ 1973, L 194/1.
Directive 77/780/EEC on the Coordination of the Laws, Regulations and Administrative Provisions Relating to the Taking up and Pursuit of the Business of Credit Institutions, OJ 1977, L 322/1.
Directive 89/299/EEC on the Own Funds of Credit Institutions, OJ 1989, L 124/16.
Directive 89/647/EEC on a Solvency Ratio for Credit Institutions, OJ 1989, L 386/14.
Directive 92/30/EEC on the Supervision of Credit Institutions on a Consolidated Basis, OJ 1992, L 110/52.
Directive 92/121/EEC on the Monitoring and Control of Large Exposure of Credit Institutions, OJ 1992, L 29/1.
Directive 2000/12/EEC of the European Parliament and of the Council Relating to the Taking up and Pursuit of the Business of Credit Institutions, OJ 2000, L 126/1.
Directive 94/19/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council onDeposit-Guarantee Schemes, OJ 1994, L 135/5.
Directive 2001/24/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Reorganization and Winding up of Credit Institutions, OJ 2001, L 125/15.
Directive 73/240/EEC Abolishing Restrictions on Freedom of Establishment in the Business of Direct Insurance Other Than Life Assurance, OJ 1973, L 228/1.
First Council Directive 79/267/EEC on the Coordination of Laws, Regulations and Administrative Provisions Relating to the Taking up and Pursuit of the Business of Direct Life Assurance, OJ 1979, L 63/1.
Second Council Directive 88/357/EEC on the Coordination of Laws, Regulations and Administrative Provisions Relating to Direct Insurance Other Than Life Assurance and Laying Down Provisions to Facilitate the Effective Exercise of Freedom to Provide Services and Amending Directive 73/239/EEC, OJ 1988, L 172/1.
Directive 90/619/EEC on the Coordination of Laws, Regulations and Administrative Provisions Relating to Direct Life Assurance, Laying Down Provisions to Facilitate the Effective Exercise of Freedom to Provide Services and Amending Directive 79/267/EEC, OJ 1990, L 330/50.
Directive 92/49/EEC on the Coordination of Laws, Regulations and Administrative Provisions Relating to Direct Insurance Other Than Life Assurance and Amending Directives 73/239/EEC and 88/357/EEC (third non-life insurance Directive), OJ 1992, L 228/1.
Directive 92/96/EEC on the Coordination of Laws, Regulations and Administrative Provisions Relating to Direct Life Assurance and Amending Directives 79/267/EEC and 90/619/EEC (third life assurance Directive), OJ 1992, L 360/1.
Directive 91/674/EEC on the Annual Accounts and Consolidated Accounts of Insurance Undertakings, OJ 1991, L 374/7.
Directive 79/279/EEC Coordinating the Conditions for the Admission of Securities to Official Stock Exchange Listing, OJ 1979, L 66/21.
Directive 85/611/EEC on the Coordination of Laws, Regulations and Administrative Provisions Relating to Undertakings for Collective Investment in Transferable Securities (UCITS), OJ 1985, L 375/3.
Directive 88/627/EEC on the Information to be Published when a Major Holding in a Listed Company is Acquired or Disposed of, OJ 1988, L 348/62.
Directive 89/298/EEC Coordinating the Requirements for the Drawing-up, Scrutiny and Distribution of the Prospectus to be Published when Transferable Securities are Offered to the Public, OJ 1989, L 124/8.
Directive 89/592/EEC Coordinating Regulations on Insider Dealing, OJ 1989, L 177/1.
Directive 93/22/EEC on Investment Services in the Securities Field, OJ 1993, L 141/27.
Directive 89/298/EEC, Coordinating the Requirements for the Drawing-up, Scrutiny and Distribution of the Prospectus to be Published When Transferable Securities are Offered to the Public, OJ 1989, L 124/8.
Directive 2003/41/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, on the Activities and Supervision of Institutions for Occupational Retirement Provision, OJ 2003, L 235/10.
Directive 2002/47/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, on Financial Collateral Arrangements, OJ 2003, L 168/43.
Directive 2004/25/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, on Takeover Bids, OJ 2004, L 142/12.
Directive 2002/92/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, on Insurance Mediation, OJ 2002, L 9/3.
Directive 2004/39/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on Markets in Financial Instruments Amending Council Directives 85/611/EEC and 93/6/EEC and Directive 2000/12/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and Repealing Council Directive 93/22/EEC, OJ 2004, L 145/1.
Directive 2001/107/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Council Directive 85/611/EEC on the Coordination of Laws, Regulations and Administrative Provisions Relating to Undertakings for Collective Investment in Transferable Securities (UCITS) with a view to Regulating Management Companies and Simplified Prospectuses, OJ 2002, L 041/20.
Directive 2001/108/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council Amending Council Directive 85/611/EEC on the Coordination of Laws, Regulations and Administrative Provisions Relating to Undertakings for Collective Investment in Transferable Securities (UCITS), with regard to Investments of UCITS, OJ 2002, L 041/35.
Directive 2003/6/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on Insider Dealing and Market Manipulation (Market Abuse), OJ 2003, L 96/16.
Directive 2003/71/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Prospectus to be Published when Securities are Offered to the Public or Admitted to Trading and Amending Directive 2001/34/EC, OJ 2003, L 345/64.
Directive 97/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on Investor-Compensation Schemes, OJ 1997, L 084/22.
Directive 2002/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Supplementary Supervision of Credit Institutions, Insurance Undertakings and Investment Firms in a Financial Conglomerate and Amending Council Directives 73/239/EEC, 79/267/EEC, 92/49/EEC, 92/96/EEC, 93/6/EEC and 93/22/EEC, and Directives 98/78/EC and 2000/12/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, OJ 2002, L 35/1.
Directive 2011/61/EU of the Eurorpean Parliament and of the Council of 8 June 2011 on Alternative Investment Fund Managers and Amending Directives 2003/41/EC and 2009/65/EC and Regulations (EC) No 1060/2009 and (EU) No 1095/2010, OJ 2011, L 174/1.
Directive 2001/17/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 March 2001 on the Reorganisation and Winding-up of Insurance Undertakings, OJ 2001, L110/28.
Directive 2002/13/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 March 2002 Amending Council Directive 73/239/EEC as Regards the Solvency Margin Requirements for Non-Life Insurance Undertakings, OJ 2002, L077/17.
Directive 2002/83/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 November 2002 Concerning Life Assurance, OJ 2002, L345/1.

5. 決定
Commission Decision 2004/10/EC of Establishing the European Banking Committee, OJ 2004, L 3/36.
Commission Decision 2004/9/EC of Establishing the European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Committee, OJ 2004, L 3/34.

6. 函示
Commission of the European Union, Implementing the Framework for Financial Markets: Action Plan COM(99) 232 Final (May 1999).
Commission of the European Union, White Paper on Financial Services Policy 2005-2010 COM(2005) 629 Final (Dec 2005).
Commission of the European Communities, Completing the Internal Market: White Paper from the Commission to the European Council, COM (85) 310 Final (June 1985).
Commission of the European Union, Financial Services Building a Framework for Action, COM (98) 625 (Oct 1998).
Commission of the European Union, FSAP Evaluation Part I: Process and Implementation (Oct 2005).
Commission of the European Union, Annex II to the White Paper on Financial Services Policy 2005-2010, Impact Assessment COM(2005) 629 Final (Dec 2005).
Commission of the European Union, European Financial Supervision COM(2009) 252 Final (May 2009).
Commission of the European Union, A Roadmap towards a Banking Union, COM (2012) 510 Final (Sep 2012).
Commission of the European Union, Proposal for a Council Regulation Conferring Specific Tasks on the European Central Bank Concerning Policies Relating to the Prudential Supervision of Credit Institutions, COM (2012) 511 Final (Sep 2012).
Commission of the European Union, Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council Amending Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010 Establishing a European Supervisory Authority (European Banking Authority) As Regards Its Interaction with Council Regulation No…/… Conferring Specific Tasks on the European Central Bank Concerning Policies Relating to the Prudential Supervision of Credit Institutions , COM (2012) 512 Final (Sep 2012).

7. 法院案例
Rewe-Zentral AG v. Bundesmonopolverwaltung für Branntwein, Case 120/78, [1979] E.C.R 649.ao.

8. 研究報告
European Banking Authority Annual Report 2012, available at:
http://www.eba.europa.eu/-/the-2012-eba-annual-report
European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority Annual Report 2012, available at:
https://eiopa.europa.eu/publications/annual-reports/index.html
European Securities and Markets Authority Annual Report 2012, available at:
http://www.esma.europa.eu/page/annual-and-half-yearly-reports
Jacques de Larosière et al., The High-Level Group on Financial Supervision in the EU, available at:http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/finances/docs/de_larosiere_report_en.pdf (Mar. 2009).
Report on Economic and Monetary Union in the European Community, (1989).
Committee of Wise Men, Initial Report of the Committee of Wise Men on the Regulation of European Securities Markets, available at: http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/securities/lamfalussy/index_en.htm (Nov.2000).
Committee of Wise Men, Final Report of the Committee of Wise Men on the Regulation of European Securities Markets, available at: http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/securities/lamfalussy/index_en.htm (Feb. 2001).
European Central Bank, Recent Developments in Supervisory Structures in the EU Member States (2007-10), available at:
http://www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/pdf/other/report_on_supervisory_structures2010en.pdf (Oct. 2010).

9. 新聞稿
Financial Services: Commission proposes stronger financial supervision in Europe, IP/09/836 (May 27, 2009).
Council of the European Union, Press Release 528, 17739/12 (Dec. 13, 2012).

(六) 網路資源
The Basel Capital Accord (Basel I) of 1988 (第一個巴塞爾資本協定)
http://www.bis.org/publ/bcbsc111.pdf.
The Second Basel Capital Accord (Basel II) of 2004 (第二個巴塞爾資本協定)
http://www.bis.org/publ/bcbs128.htm.
European Commission (歐盟執委會)
http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/
European Parliament (歐洲議會)
http://www.europarl.europa.eu/
European Council (歐盟高峰會)
http://www.european-council.europa.eu/
Council of the European Union (歐盟理事會)
http://www.consilium.europa.eu/
Europa (歐盟官方網站)
http://europa.eu/index_en.htm
Europedia (歐盟百科)
http://europedia.moussis.eu/
ESRB (歐洲系統風險委員會)
http://www.esrb.europa.eu/home/html/index.en.html
EBA (歐洲銀行管理局)
http://www.eba.europa.eu/Home.aspx
EIOPA (歐洲保險暨職業年金管理局)
https://eiopa.europa.eu/home/index.html
ESMA (歐洲證券暨市場管理局)
http://www.esma.europa.eu/