臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

現行的高速鐵路號誌系統係運用軌道電路傳遞音頻(600Hz)訊號，據以偵測是否有列車佔軌。若有列車佔軌情形，則後行車不得進入已佔軌之軌道電路區間，以避免列車追撞。惟在軌道扣件嚴重汙染或在大雨積水之下，此音頻訊號會由扣件洩漏而致誤判軌道佔據。本研究旨在模擬由軌道扣件洩漏之音頻訊號，分析洩漏路徑與軌道電路上的音頻電壓、電流量，並與量測結果相比較。
本研究開發出兩個模型，第一個模型用於模擬整個區間的軌道電路上之訊號電壓與電流；第二個模型用於模擬一組軌道扣件的電位分佈與洩漏電流。
本研究並設計兩個模型間的數據交換介面，亦即運用軌道電路之扣件模型，分析扣件的洩漏電阻值，再據此電阻值計算整個軌道電路的洩漏電流、電位降。
所開發出來的模型及其模擬方法可用於分析高速鐵路軌道電路的音頻訊號之洩漏，作為防制音頻訊號洩漏的重要分析工具。

The audio frequency(600Hz) signal is transmitted by the signalling system on the high speed track circuit, which can specify whether the track circuit being occupied. If any, the next train can not enter the occupied track circuit(about one kilometer) to prevent from the head-on
collision. When the rail fastening assembly(RFA) is polluted badly or is covered with heavy rain, the audio frequency signal may leak out of the RFA as to the signalling system making the incorrect judgement that the
track circuit were occupied. This thesis intends to simulate the leakage of audio frequency signal from the RFA and analyze the leakage route and the audio frequency voltage and current on the track circuit with comparison to the measurement results.
Two models are built in this study. The first model is used for simulating the signal voltage and current in whole track circuit; the second model for simulating the potential distribution and the leakage current of one RFA.
We also design the data exchange interface between the two models.
Then the track circuit model uses the RFA model results to analyze the leakage resistance, based on which to evaluate the whole track circuit voltage and leakage current.
The developed models to analyze the audio frequency signal’s leakage of high speed track circuit, can be an important evaluation tool to prevent the leakage of audio frequency signal from the track circuit.

目錄
摘要 ............................................................................................................. I
Abstract ...................................................................................................... II
誌謝 ........................................................................................................... III
目錄 .......................................................................................................... IV
圖目錄.................................................................................................... VIII
表目錄..................................................................................................... XII
第一章 緒論 .............................................................................................. 1
1.1 研究背景 ..................................................................................... 1
1.2 研究目的 ..................................................................................... 1
1.3 本論文之研究成果..................................................................... 2
1.4 各章重點 ..................................................................................... 2
第二章 軌道電路的結構與洩漏電流的產生 .......................................... 4
2.1 前言 ............................................................................................. 4
2.2 軌道電路的基本原理 ................................................................ 4
2.3 安全確保(Fail Safe).................................................................. 10
2.4 ATC 軌道電路 .......................................................................... 11
2.4.1 ATC 軌道電路基本概念 ................................................ 11
2.4.2 ATC 軌道電路準位下降管理等級 ................................ 12
2.4.3 台灣高速鐵路的軌道電路編號..................................... 13
2.4.4 台灣高鐵的軌道電路運行特性..................................... 15
第三章 已執行之量測結果分析 ............................................................ 18
3.1 移交至今的過程背景與異常落下的測量結果 ........................ 18
3.1.1 設備移交時的提交數據 ................................................... 18
3.1.2 第一次發生軌道電路異常落下..................................... 19
3.1.3 第一次洩漏狀態調査 ....................................................... 20
3.1.4 第二次發生異常軌道電路落下..................................... 21
3.2 更換絕緣物件並重新測量 ........................................................ 22
3.2.1 事前之數據測量 ............................................................... 22
3.2.2 1646TC 絕緣Collar 更換 .............................................. 23
3.2.3 1646TC 絕緣Collar 更換後的洩漏電流測量 .............. 23
3.2.4 1646TC 絶緣Tube 更換 ................................................ 24
3.2.5 1646TC 絶緣Tube 更換後的洩漏電流測量 ................ 24
3.2.6 1646TC 絶緣Tube 更換後的洩漏電流 及1603TC 事前
數據之重新測量 ......................................................................... 24
3.3 更換絕緣後1646TC 及1603TC 測量結果 ............................ 25
3.3.1 更換絕緣前之數據測量 ................................................... 25

3.3.2 絶緣Collar 更換後測量 ................................................... 26
3.3.3 絶緣Tube 更換後測量 .................................................... 27
3.3.4 絶緣Tube 更換後重新測量 ............................................ 28
3.4 量測數據比較 ............................................................................. 30
3.4.1 第一次洩漏調查數據與更換絕緣前測量數據之比較 30
3.4.2 絕緣Collar 更換後的效果 ............................................. 32
3.4.3 加上絕緣Tube 更換後的效果 ..................................... 35
3.4.4 測試方法之比較 ............................................................. 37
3.4.5 重新測量絕緣Collar 與絕緣Tube 更換後的效果 ...... 39
第四章 建構軌道電路模型 .................................................................... 42
4.1 前言 ........................................................................................... 42
4.2 H-SPICE 程式架構與輸入/輸出資料項目 ............................. 42
4.2.1 程式模擬及其輸入/輸出資料項目 ............................... 43
4.3 軌道電路各項參數資料 .......................................................... 44
4.4 軌道電路模擬結果................................................................... 45
4.4.1 軌道電路模擬之等效電路圖......................................... 46
4.4.2 情境1-晴天狀況之模擬 ................................................ 48
4.4.3 情境2-雨天狀況之模擬 ................................................ 51
4.4.4 各種情境的總結 ............................................................. 54

第五章 建構絕緣扣件的模型 ................................................................ 55
5.1 前言 ........................................................................................... 55
5.2 絕緣扣件各部分之結構 .......................................................... 55
5.3 模擬步驟 ................................................................................... 56
5.4 模擬結果與本章結論 .............................................................. 63
5.4.1 模擬結果 ......................................................................... 63
5.4.2 電流路徑圖 ..................................................................... 65
5.4.3 本章結論 ......................................................................... 67
第六章 模擬結果綜合分析 .................................................................... 68
6.1 前言 ........................................................................................... 68
6.2 絕緣扣件模擬之電阻值與軌道電路模型結合 ...................... 68
6.2.1 兩個模型結合後的條件值 ............................................. 68
6.2.2 模擬結果與實際量測結果相比較 ................................ 71
6.3 本章結論 ................................................................................... 76
第七章 結論與未來研究方向 ................................................................ 77
7.1 結論 ........................................................................................... 77
7.2 未來研究方向 ............................................................................. 78
參考文獻 .................................................................................................. 79

圖目錄
圖1.1 軌道扣件 ........................................................................................ 2
圖2.2-1 複軌條式軌道電路 ..................................................................... 5
圖2.2-2 單軌條式軌道電路 ..................................................................... 5
圖2.2-3 閉迴路式軌道電路(無列車佔軌時) .......................................... 6
圖2.2-4 閉迴路式軌道電路(有列車佔軌時) .......................................... 6
圖2.2-5 順傳送式軌道電路 ................................................................... 10
圖2.2-6 逆傳送式軌道電路 ................................................................... 10
圖2.4-1 台灣高速鐵路正線圖 ............................................................... 13
圖2.4-2 ATC 軌道電路結構圖 ................................................................ 14
圖2.4-3 測試軌道電路的敏感性（短路感度） ................................... 16
圖2.4-4 為圖2.4.3 的等效電路 ............................................................. 16
圖3.2-1 更換1646TC 的絕緣Collar ..................................................... 23
圖3.2-2 更換1646TC 的絕緣Tube ....................................................... 24
圖3.3-1 1646TC 事前測量的數據 .......................................................... 25
圖3.3-2 1603TC 事前測量的數據 .......................................................... 26
圖3.3-3 絶緣Collar 更換後測量的數據 ................................................ 27
圖3.3-4 絶緣Tube 更換後測量的數據 .................................................. 28
圖3.3-5 1646TC 絕緣更換後重新測量的數據 ...................................... 29
圖3.3-6 1603TC 絕緣更換後重新測量的數據 ...................................... 29
圖3.4-1 1646TC 事前測量(圖3.3-1) 與 第一次洩漏調查 (第3.1.3 節)
之數據比較 .............................................................................................. 31
圖3.4-2 1603TC事前測量(圖3.3-2 與 第一次洩漏調查 (第3.1.3 節)
之數據比較 .............................................................................................. 32
圖3.4-3 絕緣Collar 更換後與更換絕緣前測量之數據比較 ............... 33
圖3.4-4 1646TC 東軌數據之比較 .......................................................... 34
圖3.4-5 1646TC 西軌數據之比較 .......................................................... 34
圖3.4-6 絕緣Tube 與 絕緣Collar 更換後之數據比較 ...................... 35
圖3.4-7 1646TC 東軌數據之比較 .......................................................... 36
圖3.4-8 1646TC 西軌數據之比較 .......................................................... 36
圖3.4-9 1646TC 重新測量與加上絕緣Tube 更換後之數據比較 ....... 37
圖3.4-10 1646TC 東軌數據之比較 ........................................................ 38
圖3.4-11 1646TC 西軌數據之比較 ........................................................ 38
圖3.4-12 1603TC 重新測量與加上絕緣Tube 更換後之數據比較 ..... 39
圖3.4-13 絕緣Collar 更換後與加上絕緣Tube 更換後(重新測量)的數
據比較....................................................................................................... 40
圖3.4-14 1646TC 東軌數據之比較 ........................................................ 41
圖3.4-15 1646TC 西軌數據之比較 ........................................................ 41
圖4.2-1 H-SPICE 程式架構 .................................................................... 43
圖4.4-1 軌道電路模型的等效電路圖 ................................................... 47
圖4.4-2 情境1 軌道電路絕緣扣件的軌道電流圖(峯值為10.5 mA) 49
圖4.4-3 情境1 軌道電路系統電流圖(峯值為150 mA) ..................... 50
圖4.4-4 情境2 軌道電路絕緣扣件的洩漏電流圖（峯值為14mA） 52
圖4.4-5 情境2 軌道電路系統電流圖(峯值為175 mA) ..................... 53
圖5.2-1 絕緣扣件 ................................................................................... 56
圖5.3-1 絕緣扣件3D 實體化 ................................................................ 58
圖5.3-2 材料係數庫 ............................................................................... 59
圖5.3-3 將電位(110V)打在基板絕緣片上 ........................................... 60
圖5.3-4 使用時間相依型態進行穩態模擬 ........................................... 61
圖5.3-5 電流密度多重切片圖 ............................................................... 62
圖5.4-1 電流路徑圖(預測) .................................................................... 65
圖5.4-2 電流路徑圖(實際模擬) ............................................................ 66
圖6.2-1 模擬晴天狀況下軌道電流值(絕緣扣件電阻值為模擬出的數
值) ............................................................................................................. 72
圖6.2-2 晴天狀況下軌道電流值量測結果(同圖3.3-2) ....................... 73
圖6.2-3 模擬雨天狀況下軌道電流值(絕緣扣件電阻值為模擬出的數
值) ............................................................................................................. 74
圖6.2-4 雨天狀況下軌道電流值量測結果(同圖3.3-1) ....................... 75

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