臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究以不同污泥齡之生物處理系統：固定式生物系統和活性污泥系統之出流水進行不同孔徑大小的薄膜過濾實驗，觀察薄膜滲流通量衰減情形，並以DAX-8樹脂分離經薄膜過濾前後之水樣，分離出親疏水性群組，再分析各群組的TOC、碳水化合物、蛋白質等成份，以探討溶解性胞外聚合物之親疏水特性對於薄膜生物積垢的影響。
以30 kDa、100 kDa不同孔徑大小之薄膜進行生物出流水的過濾實驗，在有懸浮微粒的情況下，積垢情形較去除懸浮顆粒的嚴重，過濾至通量較穩定後，有去除懸浮顆粒與未去除懸浮顆粒的積垢趨勢相似，因此溶解性物質為影響薄膜積垢的重要因素。以0.1 μm玻璃纖維濾紙去除懸浮顆粒的影響後，針對溶解性物質探討對薄膜積垢的影響，以不同生物系統出流水分別進行不同孔徑的薄膜過濾實驗，因固定式生物系統出流水的SMP較活性污泥系統高，故固定式生物系統出流水造成的薄膜積垢情形較活性污泥系統出流水嚴重，薄膜積垢的程度隨SMP越高也越嚴重。
不論是何種生物系統出流水進行薄膜過濾，薄膜孔徑越大所能承載的流通量也越大，因此造成的薄膜積垢情形也越嚴重。分析兩生物系統經薄膜過濾前後的親疏水性群組的TOC、碳水化合物、蛋白質結果，固定式生物系統和活性污泥系統出流水中，親水性群組所佔的比例較多，疏水性群組較少，親水性物質被薄膜去除較疏水性物質多，親水性物質殘留在薄膜上較多，故親水性物質為影響薄膜積垢的主要因素。

Biological treatment systems with different sludge retention time (SRT), fixed carrier biological system (FCBS) and activated sludge process (ASP) were studied. Membrane permeate flux fluctuation was constantly monitored. The effect of soluble microbial products (SMP) hydrophobicity on membrane fouling was investigated with the use of DAX-8 resin to isolate hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds in water samples, with total organic compound (TOC), carbohydrate and protein were taken as quantitative parameters for hydrophobicity analyze.
Two different membrane pore sizes (30 kDa and 100 kDa) were used in membrane operation. Fiber filter with pore size of 0.1 μm was applied as pretreatment in order to eliminate the impact of suspended solids in water samples on membrane fouling. Effluents from different biological treatment systems (FCBS and ASP) were run through membrane process and it was observed that FCBS effluents contained higher SMP concentrations and caused more significant membrane fouling than effluents from ASP system. The result also suggested that membrane fouling increase with SMP concentrations.
Greater permeate flux decline was observed in membrane process with larger pore size for both FCBS and ASP system. Hydrophobicity analysis indicated hydrophilic contents are the major components of SMP, and the result also indicated that membrane retained more hydrophilic contents than hydrophobic contents. In conclusion, it can be suggested membrane fouling was mainly affected by hydrophilic substances.

口試委員審定書 i
誌謝 ii
摘要 iii
Abstract iv
總目錄 v
圖目錄 viii
表目錄 ix
第一章 前言 1
1.1研究緣起 1
1.2研究目的 3
1.3研究內容 4
第二章 文獻回顧 5
2.1 薄膜處理技術 5
2.1.1 薄膜種類與材質 5
2.1.2 薄膜形式與處理機制 6
2.2 薄膜積垢 8
2.2.1 薄膜積垢分類 8
2.2.2 薄膜積垢機制 9
2.2.3 影響薄膜積垢之因素 11
2.3 生物薄膜積垢 14
2.3.1 生物處理系統 15
2.3.2 污泥齡 17
2.3.3 胞外聚合物 18
2.3.4 親疏水特性 21
2.4 分離親疏水性族群之樹脂 22
第三章 實驗方法與材料 23
3.1 實驗內容與項目 23
3.1.1 實驗內容與架構 23
3.1.2 實驗項目 23
3.2 實驗流程 24
3.3 實驗設備與材料 26
3.3.1 生物處理系統 26
3.3.2 自動化薄膜程序控制 29
3.3.3 DAX-8分離設備與藥品 34
3.4 實驗步驟與方法 35
3.4.1 薄膜過濾實驗 35
3.4.2 DAX-8疏水性樹脂操作實驗 35
3.4.3 蛋白質、碳水化合物分析方法 36
3.5 分析儀器－總有機碳(TOC)分析儀 38
第四章 結果與討論 39
4.1 生物處理系統水質概況 39
4.2 DAX-8樹脂分離試驗 41
4.3 生物處理系統出流水對薄膜積垢之影響 47
4.3.1 溶解性物質對薄膜積垢之影響 47
4.3.2 不同系統溶解性物質對薄膜積垢之影響 50
4.3.3 溶解性物質對不同孔徑的薄膜積垢情形 52
4.4 生物處理系統出流水親疏水性對薄膜積垢之影響 54
第五章 結論與建議 58
5.1 結論 58
5.2 建議 60
參考文獻 61
附錄 69

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