臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

土壤中受多環芳香烴化合物(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, PAHs)污染問題已愈受重視，PAHs已被證實超過數百種衍生物具有致癌性及致突變性。目前對於土壤中PAHs之整治處理常以物化萃取方式，而物化方法只能對各相間轉換，後續仍需進ㄧ步以其他技術處理，而且還可能破壞當地生態資源，近年來研究發現利用植物復育可原地修復受有機物污染之土壤。本研究以台灣農耕面積最大之紅壤與沖積土，石英砂作為對照組，以Pyrene為代表污染物，利用盆栽試驗種植紫百慕達草與花苜蓿，在不同濃度之Pyrene污染土壤中，分別添加5%培養土，測試百慕達草與紫花苜蓿對土壤中Pyrene之降解效果。結果顯示添加5%培養土於Pyrene濃度為100 mg kg-1、200 mg kg-1、300 mg kg-1、400 mg kg-1、500 mg kg-1之污染石英砂中，紫花苜蓿對Pyrene降解率分別為73.3%、58.1%、49.6%、37.7%、30.6%，而添加5%培養土於Pyrene濃度為50 mg kg-1、100 mg kg-1、150 mg kg-1、200 mg kg-1之污染石英砂中Pyrene降解率分別為74.7%、65.7%、57.2%、51.7%，結果顯示紫花苜蓿對50 mg kg-1Pyrene污染土壤之降解率可達74.7%，因此建議若以百慕達草與紫花苜蓿植生復育處理受Pyrene污染土壤，其土壤添加5%培養土可有效提升污染物之降解效果。

Polycyclic Aromatic the Hydrocarbons contamination concern has received takes seriously, PAHs was confirmed that surpasses several hundred derivatives has the carcinogenicity and causes the sudden change. At present improvement of processing PAHs often transforms into regarding the soil in the extract way, but transforms into the method to be able only to each interaction transformation, Following still needed - step by other technical processing, moreover also possibly destroys the local ecology resources. In recent years studied the discovery use plant cicada chrysalis to be possible in-situ repair soil of the organic matter pollution. In this study, as supply take alluvial soils and red soils was used for experiment which are the main category soil for farming in Taiwan, the quartz sand take the control group, and Pyrene was spiked into soils to simulate the contaminated soils, the use pot experiment planter Bermuda grass and Medicago sativa. Pyrene of contaminated soil in the different density, increases 5% raise earth separately, the test Bermuda grass and Medicago sativa to the soil in degeneration of effect the Pyrene. The result showed that increases 5% raise earth in the Pyrene density is 100 mg kg-1,200 mg kg-1,300 mg kg-1,400 mg kg-1, of contaminated quartz sand in 500 mg kg-1, the Medicago sativa to the Pyrene degeneration rate respectively is 73.3%, 58.1%, 49.7%, 37.7%, 30.6%. But increases 5% raise earth in the Pyrene density is 50 mg kg-1,100 mg kg-1,150 mg kg-1, of contaminated quartz sand in 200 mg kg-1 the Pyrene degeneration rate respectively is 74.7%, 65.7%, 57.2%, 51.7%. The result showed that contaminated quartz sand in 50 mg kg-1, the Medicago sativa to the Pyrene degeneration rate respectively is 74.7%, Therefore if the suggestion plants by the Bermuda grass and Medicago sativa lives cicada chrysalis processing the Pyrene contaminated soil, its soil increases 5% raise earth to be possible to promote degeneration of effect effectively the pollutant.

目錄
中文摘要 I
Abstract II
誌謝 IV
目錄 V
表目錄 VIII
圖目錄 IX
第一章 多環芳香烴碳氫化合物於環境中來源與植物復育機制 1
ㄧ、多環芳香烴碳氫化合物於環境中來源與特性 1
二、多環芳香烴碳氫化合物於環境中分佈 5
三、植物對多環芳香烴碳氫化合物之修復機制 7
參考文獻 12
第二章 百慕達草對Pyrene之降解效應 20
ㄧ、前言 20
二、前人研究 21
三、材料與方法 24
3.1試驗材料 24
3.2試驗方法 30
四、結果與討論 36
4.1百慕達草對Pyrene降解率 36
4.2百慕達草在三種土壤中降解率比較 43
4.3百慕達草之生育調查 46
五、結論與建議 49
參考文獻 50
第三章 紫花苜蓿對Pyrene之降解效應 53
ㄧ、前言 53
二、前人研究 54
三、材料與方法 55
3.1試驗材料 55
3.2試驗方法 57
四、 結果與討論 61
4.1紫花苜蓿對Pyrene降解率 61
4.2紫花苜蓿在三種土壤中降解率比較 67
4.3紫花苜蓿之生育調查 69
五、結論與建議 72
參考文獻 73
第四章 百慕達草與紫花苜蓿對Pyrene之降解效應 76
ㄧ、前言 76
二、前人研究 77
三、材料與方法 78
3.1試驗材料 78
3.2試驗方法 80
四、結果與討論 85
4.1百慕達草與紫花苜蓿對Pyrene降解率 85
4.2百慕達草與紫花苜蓿在三種土壤中降解率比較 91
4.3百慕達草與紫花苜蓿之生育調查 94
4.4傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜分析 98
4.5 固態核磁共振圖譜分析(solid state high resolution 13C nuclear magnetic resonance with cross polarization and magic angle spinning, solid-state 13C CPMAS-NMR) 120
五、結論與建議 141
參考文獻 142
附錄 146

表目錄
表1-1 有機物揮發性分類表 2
表1-2 美國環保署優先評估PAHs之分子式及其致癌性 3
表2-1 供試土壤之理化性質 25
表2-2 Pyrene之特性 26
表2-3 研究中所使用之儀器廠牌與型號 28
表2-4 研究中所使用之材料與藥品 29
表2-5 高效能液相層析儀分析條件 34
表2-6 百慕達草在三種土壤中降解率（第一次盆栽試驗） 39
表2-7 百慕達草在三種土壤中降解率（第二次盆栽試驗） 42
表2-8 百慕達草在三種土壤中單位面積植株鮮重（第一次盆栽試驗） 48
表2-9 百慕達草在三種土壤中單位面積植株鮮重（第二次盆栽試驗） 48
表3-1 紫花苜蓿在三種土壤中降解率（第一次盆栽試驗） 63
表3-2 紫花苜蓿在三種土壤中降解率（第二次盆栽試驗） 66
表3-3 第紫花苜蓿在三種土壤中單位面積植株鮮重（第一次盆栽試驗） 71
表3-4 紫花苜蓿在三種土壤中單位面積植株鮮重（第二次盆栽試驗） 71
表4-1 FT-IR 光譜主要吸收峰之鑑識 119
表4-2 CPMAS 13C NMR 化學位移分割 140

圖目錄
圖1-1 植物修復示意圖(http://www.enviro.nfesc.navy.mil/scripts/WebObjects.exe/erbweb) 11
圖2-1 pyrene之檢量線 26
圖2-2 pyrene之滯留時間 34
圖2-3 百慕達草在石英砂降解率 37
圖2-4 百慕達草在紅壤降解率 38
圖2-5 百慕達草在沖積土降解率 38
圖2-6 百慕達草在石英砂降解率 40
圖2-7 百慕達草在紅壤降解率 41
圖2-8 百慕達草在沖積土降解率 41
圖2-9 百慕達草在三種土壤中降解率（第一次盆栽試驗） 44
圖2-10 百慕達草在三種土壤中降解率（第二次盆栽試驗） 45
圖2-11 百慕達草單位面積鮮重（第一次盆栽試驗） 47
圖2-12 百慕達草單位面積鮮重（第二次盆栽試驗） 47
圖3-1 紫花苜蓿在石英砂降解率 62
圖3-2 紫花苜蓿在紅壤降解率 62
圖3-3 紫花苜蓿在沖積土降解率 63
圖3-4 紫花苜蓿在石英砂降解率 65
圖3-5 紫花苜蓿在紅壤降解率 65
圖3-6 紫花苜蓿在沖積土降解率 66
圖3-7 紫花苜蓿在三種土壤中降解率（第一次盆栽試驗） 68
圖3-8 紫花苜蓿在三種土壤中降解率（第二次盆栽試驗） 68
圖3-9 紫花苜蓿單位面積鮮重（第一次盆栽試驗） 70
圖3-10 紫花苜蓿單位面積鮮重（第二次盆栽試驗） 70
圖4-1 百慕達草與紫花苜蓿在石英砂降解率（第一次盆栽試驗） 86
圖4-2 百慕達草與紫花苜蓿在紅壤降解率（第一次盆栽試驗） 87
圖4-3 百慕達草與紫花苜蓿在沖積土降解率（第一次盆栽試驗） 87
圖4-4 百慕達草與紫花苜蓿在石英砂降解率（第二次盆栽試驗） 89
圖4-5 百慕達草與紫花苜蓿在紅壤降解率（第二次盆栽試驗） 90
圖4-6 百慕達草與紫花苜蓿在沖積土降解率（第二次盆栽試驗） 90
圖4-7 百慕達草在三種土壤中降解率（第ㄧ次盆栽試驗） 92
圖4-8 紫花苜蓿在三種土壤中降解率（第ㄧ次盆栽試驗） 92
圖4-9 百慕達草在三種土壤中降解率（第二次盆栽試驗） 93
圖4-10 紫花苜蓿在三種土壤中降解率（第二次盆栽試驗） 93
圖4-11 百慕達草與紫花苜蓿在石英砂中單位面積鮮重（第ㄧ次盆栽試驗） 95
圖4-12 百慕達草與紫花苜蓿在紅壤中單位面積鮮重（第ㄧ次盆栽試驗） 95
圖4-13 百慕達草與紫花苜蓿在沖積土中單位面積鮮重（第ㄧ次盆栽試驗） 96
圖4-14 百慕達草與紫花苜蓿在石英砂中單位面積鮮重（第二次盆栽試驗） 96
圖4-15 百慕達草與紫花苜蓿在紅壤中單位面積鮮重（第二次盆栽試驗） 97
圖4-16 百慕達草與紫花苜蓿在沖積土中單位面積鮮重（第二次盆栽試驗） 97
圖4-17 百慕達草與紫花苜蓿降解pyrene污染石英砂之傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜 101
圖4-18 百慕達草與紫花苜蓿降解pyrene污染石英砂之傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜之差分圖譜。 102
圖4-19 百慕達草與紫花苜蓿降解pyrene污染石英砂之傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜 103
圖4-20 百慕達草與紫花苜蓿降解pyrene污染石英砂之傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜之差分圖譜 104
圖4-21 百慕達草與紫花苜蓿降解pyrene污染石英砂之傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜 105
圖4-22 百慕達草與紫花苜蓿降解pyrene污染石英砂之傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜之差分圖譜 106
圖4-23 百慕達草與紫花苜蓿降解pyrene污染紅壤之傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜 107
圖4-24 百慕達草與紫花苜蓿降解pyrene污染紅壤之傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜之差分圖譜 108
圖4-25 百慕達草與紫花苜蓿降解pyrene污染紅壤之傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜 109
圖4-26 百慕達草與紫花苜蓿降解pyrene污染紅壤之傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜之差分圖譜 110
圖4-27 百慕達草與紫花苜蓿降解pyrene污染紅壤之傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜 111
圖4-28 百慕達草與紫花苜蓿降解pyrene污染紅壤之傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜之差分圖譜 112
圖4-29 百慕達草與紫花苜蓿降解pyrene污染沖積土之傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜 113
圖4-30 百慕達草與紫花苜蓿降解pyrene污染沖積土之傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜之差分圖譜 114
圖4-31 百慕達草與紫花苜蓿降解pyrene污染沖積土之傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜 115
圖4-32 百慕達草與紫花苜蓿降解pyrene污染沖積土之傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜之差分圖譜 116
圖4-33 百慕達草與紫花苜蓿降解pyrene污染沖積土之傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜 117
圖4-34 百慕達草與紫花苜蓿降解pyrene污染沖積土之傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜之差分圖譜 118
圖4-35 百慕達草與紫花苜蓿降解pyrene污染石英砂之固態核磁共振光譜光譜 122
圖4-36 百慕達草與紫花苜蓿降解pyrene污染石英砂之固態核磁共振光譜之差分圖譜 123
圖4-37 百慕達草與紫花苜蓿降解pyrene污染石英砂之固態核磁共振光譜光譜 124
圖4-38 百慕達草與紫花苜蓿降解pyrene污染石英砂之固態核磁共振光譜之差分圖譜 125
圖4-39 百慕達草與紫花苜蓿降解pyrene污染石英砂之固態核磁共振光譜光譜 126
圖4-40 百慕達草與紫花苜蓿降解pyrene污染石英砂之固態核磁共振光譜之差分圖譜 127
圖4-41 百慕達草與紫花苜蓿降解pyrene污染紅壤之固態核磁共振光譜光譜 128
圖4-42 百慕達草與紫花苜蓿降解pyrene污染紅壤之固態核磁共振光譜之差分圖譜 129
圖4-43 百慕達草與紫花苜蓿降解pyrene污染紅壤之固態核磁共振光譜光譜 130
圖4-44 百慕達草與紫花苜蓿降解pyrene污染紅壤之固態核磁共振光譜之差分圖譜 131
圖4-45 百慕達草與紫花苜蓿降解pyrene污染紅壤之固態核磁共振光譜光譜 132
圖4-46 百慕達草與紫花苜蓿降解pyrene污染紅壤之固態核磁共振光譜之差分圖譜 133
圖4-47 百慕達草與紫花苜蓿降解pyrene污染沖積土之固態核磁共振光譜光譜 134
圖4-48 百慕達草與紫花苜蓿降解pyrene污染沖積土之固態核磁共振光譜之差分圖譜 135
圖4-49 百慕達草與紫花苜蓿降解pyrene污染沖積土之固態核磁共振光譜光譜 136
圖4-50 百慕達草與紫花苜蓿降解pyrene污染沖積土之固態核磁共振光譜之差分圖譜 137
圖4-51 百慕達草與紫花苜蓿降解pyrene污染沖積土之固態核磁共振光譜光譜 138
圖4-52 百慕達草與紫花苜蓿降解pyrene污染沖積土之固態核磁共振光譜之差分圖譜 139

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