臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

高脂血症乃腦血管疾病及心臟病之主因之一。藉由飲食中攝取不飽和脂肪酸可降低血脂。苦茶油富含單元不飽合脂肪酸，其脂肪酸組成與橄欖油類似，故有東方橄欖油之美譽，而大豆油為國人常見之食用油，富含亞麻油酸及次亞麻油酸，為維持人體正常生理功能所必需。本實驗目的為探討數種植物油 (苦茶油、大豆油、棕櫚油) 及由大豆油和苦茶油組成的調合油對於倉鼠之降血脂及抗氧化功效。使用 40 隻 5 ~6 週齡的雄性倉鼠，餵食飼料一週後隨機分成五組，其中一組為對照組，飼料以 AIN-93G 為基礎，添加 5% 油脂，高脂飼料則添加 14% 油脂及 0.2% 膽固醇，飼養六週。研究結果顯示，高脂飲食會顯著增加 (p < 0.05) 血清中三酸甘油酯、總膽固醇及天門冬胺酸轉胺酶，但對丙胺酸轉胺酶則無影響 ; 不飽和脂肪酸飲食可顯著降低 (p < 0.05) 血清總膽固醇和 LDL 膽固醇，且有較低的 LDL-C/HDL-C 比值，但會顯著增加 (p < 0.05) 肝臟總膽固醇濃度，而苦茶油和調合油不會降低 HDL 膽固醇，但大豆油則會 ; 肝臟脂肪酸合成相關酵素部分，隨著油脂不飽和度提升，調合油和大豆油會有較低的脂肪酸合成酶、葡萄糖六磷酸去氫酶及蘋果酸酶之活性，同時亦會降低肝臟三酸甘油酯濃度 ; 抗氧化部分，隨著油脂不飽和程度增加，大豆油能提升倉鼠血清中 TBARs ，並降低肝臟總抗氧化活性，但對肝臟 TBARs 則無影響。綜合以上所述，苦茶油及調合油具有較佳的降血脂功效，且較不會提升血清中 TBARs ; 大豆油能抑制脂肪酸合成相關酵素活性，降低肝臟脂質含量，但會降低抗氧化活性。

Hypercholesterolemia is one of the major risk factors of both cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases. Diets with unsaturated fatty acids can decrease blood lipid. Camellia oil is similar to olive oil rich in monounsaturated fatty acids, while soybean oil is rich in linoleic acids and linolenic acids, both of which are vital in maintaining normal physiological function. The objectives of this study were to study the effect of several vegetable oils (camellia oil, soybean oil, palm oil) and blended oil composed of soybean oil and camellia oil on blood lipids reduction and antioxidative activity. A total of 40 five to six week-old male hamsters were used, administered with diet AIN-93G for one week, and then divided into five groups, including control, with the oil contents of control diet and high fat diet (HF) being 5% and 14% with 0.2 % cholesterol ,respectively. After six weeks feeding, hamsters were sacrificed and analyzed. Results showed that hamsters fed with high fat diet can raise serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), but the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) remained unaffected. Diets with unsaturated fatty acids could reduce significantly (p < 0.05) both serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), along with lower ratio of LDL-C/HDL-C, but increased significantly (p < 0.05) liver total cholesterol. Camellia oil and blended oil failed to reduce HDL-C, whereas soybean oil showed a reversed trend. The higher the degree of oil unsaturation, the lower the activities of fatty acid synthase (FAS), glucose 6- phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) and malic enzyme (ME) for soybean oil and blended oil, as well as the level of liver triglyceride. Also, the higher the degree of oil unsaturation, the higher the level of serum TBARs and the lower the antioxidative activity of liver for soybean oil. However, the liver TBARs remained unaffected. Taken together, both camellia oil and blended oil were more efficient in reducing serum lipids in hamsters and TBARs in serum. Soybean oil could inhibit activity of lipogenesis-associated enzyme, and reduce liver lipid. Nevertheless, soybean oil could also reduce liver antioxidative activity.

目錄
壹、 序言 1
貳、文獻回顧 3
一、脂質代謝 3
(一)、脂質之簡介和組成 3
(二)、脂肪酸生合成及其相關酵素 5
(三)、脂蛋白 15
二、血脂異常 20
(一)、定義 20
(二)、分類 20
(三)、治療 22
三、影響脂質代謝的飲食因子 27
(一)、高脂飲食 (high fat diet) 27
(二)、高醣飲食 (high carbohydrate diet) 28
(三)、膳食纖維 (dietary fiber) 28
(四)、酒精 (alcohol) 29
(五)、大豆蛋白質 (soy protein) 30
四、食用油 31
(一)、苦茶油 (camellia oil) 32
(二)、大豆油 (soybean oil) 36
(三)、棕櫚油 (palm oil) 39
參、材料與方法 42
一、實驗材料 42
(一) 試驗油脂 42
(二) 動物品系 42
(三) 分析試藥 42
(四) 儀器設備 44
二、實驗架構 46
三、實驗方法 47
(一)、試驗油脂分析 47
(二)、動物實驗 49
肆、結果 58
一、油脂特性 58
(一)、油脂脂肪酸組成 58
(二)、油脂品質 59
二、動物實驗結果 62
(一)、倉鼠生長狀況 62
(二)、血清脂質濃度、脂蛋白組成、TBARs 及肝功能指標 62
(三)、肝臟脂質濃度、脂肪酸合成相關酵素活性、TBARs 及總抗氧化力 64
(四)、糞便重量、水分、膽酸及膽固醇濃度 65
伍、討論 67
(一)、高脂膽固醇飼料對倉鼠體重及肝臟之影響 67
(二)、高脂膽固醇飼料對血清脂質之影響 69
(三)、高脂膽固醇飼料對體內脂肪酸生合成相關酵素之影響 74
(四)、高脂膽固醇飼料對糞便膽酸及膽固醇排出之影響 76
(五)、高脂膽固醇飼料對體內抗氧化之影響 78
陸、結論 82
柒、參考文獻 96

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