臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究使用廢棄泥再製成多孔隙生物載體，將其應用於兩種不同填充率(20%、40%)之SBBR生物反應槽中，並將Anammox植入SND系統中，達到減少碳源的目的，在SBBR的操作初期(1-125天)為使用時間控制(缺氧攪拌、曝氣)，此方式有著較大的誤差，無法有效控制硝化反應速率、脫硝反應速率及厭氧氨氧化反應速率，在操作的第126天之後，以時間與即時監測方式(ORP、DO、pH)，找到各個反應速率的控制方法，使各個反應速率達到較好的平衡。本研究的多孔隙生物載體的混和比例為5:3:2，因載體內部製程中空型態，導致抗壓強度的偏低(15.5 ±0.8 Kgf/cm2)，但提高比表面積(3.0±0.2 m2/g)、吸水率(55.1±2.1%)及視密度(2.3±0.2 g/cm3)。經實驗證明，在低碳源條件(C/N=1.9)下操作，TN的去除率可達到86.2%，另外在SBBR-20%及SBBR-40%的操作上，配合即時監測設備，有效的抑制兩SBBR系統中NO3--N產生(分別減少6.3%和48.4%的)， TN的去除率分別提高了27.4%和19.1%效能。

Wasted activated sludge was used to prepare bio-carrier for applying to SBBR bioreactor with different carrier-packing (20% and 40%) to conduct simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) for nitrogen removal in this study. Sludge from Sinfong sanitary landfill leachate treatment plant which was capable of conducting anammox reaction were seeded into the SND system to help decrease carbon source used. The rate of nitrification, denitrification, anaerobic ammonium oxidation have effective due to real-time data (ORP, DO and pH) are further to investigate the optimal operational condition. The Sludge:Laterite:iron oxide of pellet carrier was 5:3:2. The compressive strength of sintered pellet was 15±0.8 Kgf/cm2 and the pellet center was hollow. The water absorption was 55.1±2.1%, bulk density was 2.3±0.2 g/cm3 and specific external surface area was 3.0±0.2 m2/g, The optimal total nitrogen (TN) removal was found to be 86.7% in the SBBR system with low C/N ratio (1.9) in this study. Moreover, NO3--N removal could be reduced 6.3% and 48.4% in SBBR-20% and SBBR-60% system compared to those of normal control, and the removal of TN were increased to 27.4% and 19.1%, respectively due to precisely real-time controlling oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), pH and DO.

第一章 前言 1
1.1研究源起 1
1.2研究目的與內容 2
第二章 文獻回顧 3
2.1廢棄污泥(Wasted Activated Sludge,WAS)回收再利用 3
2.1.1國內廢棄污泥(WAS)現況 3
2.1.2污泥特性 4
2.1.3廢棄污泥回收再利用技術 4
2.2廢棄污泥燒結原理及機制 5
2.2.1污泥燒結原理 5
2.2.1影響載體孔隙率之機制 8
2.3廢棄污泥特性之相關研究 9
2.3.1三成份分析 9
2.3.2粒徑分析 10
2.3.2 TCLP毒性特性溶出試驗 11
2.4生物除氮原理 13
2.4.1氮的循環(Nitrogen cycle) 13
2.4.2生物硝化作用(Nitrification) 14
2.4.3生物脫硝作用(Denitrification) 15
2.4.4同步硝化脫硝作用 16
2.4.5硝酸鹽的抑制 18
2.5生物脫氮除磷技術Biological nitrogen removal (BNR) 20
2.5.1 A/O (Anoxic-Oxic)、A2O (Anaerobic-Anoxic-Oxic)程序 20
2.5.3循序批分式接觸材反應槽(Sequencing batch reactor, SBR) 24
2.6 厭氧氨氧化(Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation, Anammox) 26
2.6.1 Anammox微生物操作條件及馴養 26
2.6.2 Anammox代謝機制 27
2.6.3 Anammox相關應用 28
2.7 Nernst equation 30
2.8 分子生物檢測技術 31
第三章 實驗設計及方法 33
3.1實驗設備與方法 33
3.1.1 SBBR模型及設備 33
3.1.2 操作控制條件及參數 35
3.2自製多孔隙生物載體 43
3.2.1多孔隙生物載體製作方法 43
3.3.2多孔隙生物載體分析方法 45
3.3.3吸水率(Water absorption) 45
3.3.4抗壓強度(Compressive strength) 45
3.3.5視密度測量方法(Bulk density) 46
3.3.6掃描電子顯微鏡（Scanning Electron Microscope, SEM） 46
3.3.7 比表面積(B.E.T)分析 47
3.4 分子生物檢測 47
3.4.1 DNA萃取 47
3.4.2 序列分析 47
第四章 結果與討論 48
4.1生物載體特性 48
4.1.1生物載體之組成和表面型態觀察 50
4.2 以再製之生物載體於SBBR系統之應用 54
4.2.1 SBBR每日監測數值 54
4.2.2 SBBR反應槽污泥濃度變化 61
4.2.3外加碳源對SBBR系統生物除氮影響 62
4.3 SBBR連續批次實驗 65
4.3.1 SBBR系統中COD變化 65
4.3.2 SBBR系統中DO變化 65
4.3.3 SBBR系統中的各種作用之反應特性 66
4.3.4 羥胺(hydroxylamine, NH2OH)檢測 71
4.3.5 SBBR系統中的即時控制 72
4.3.6 SBBR系統中的即時控制的應用 74
4.3.7 SBBR系統中的即時控制的成效 77
4.4Nernst equation的應用與模式的建立 80
4.4.1Nernst equation模式的建立 80
4.4.2Nernst equation模式的應用 81
第五章 結論和建議 87
5.1結論 87
5.2建議 89
參考文獻 90

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