臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究旨在探討高中資優學生憂鬱傾向、社會支持及完美主義特質之現況，並分析不同背景變項（性別、年級、資優類別、居住地區、父母婚姻狀況、父親管教態度、母親管教態度、家庭社經地位）、社會支持及完美主義特質的資優學生在憂鬱傾向上之差異與預測情形。
研究對象為九十二學年度第二學期就讀台灣地區（包含台北市、高雄市）資優班之高中一、二年級學生，共計501名。以研究者自編之「高中學生生活感受調查問卷」（其中第四部份為董氏基金會所編之「青少年憂鬱情緒自我檢視量表」）作為資料蒐集的工具。研究所得之資料以描述性統計、t考驗、單因子變異數分析、Pearson積差相關、多元逐步迴歸分析等統計方法加以處理分析後，有以下發現：
一、高中資優學生所獲得的社會支持，以親人「訊息性之支持」最多，其次為親人「尊重之支持」。
二、高中資優學生所具有的完美主義特質，以「組織」最多，其次為「個人標準」。
三、高中資優學生在憂鬱傾向得分方面，「19分以上」之憂鬱高危險群約有20％（104人），「8-18分」之需關懷群約有49％（245人）。
四、不同背景變項之高中資優學生在憂鬱傾向上之差異分析結果：高中資優學生的「憂鬱傾向」在不同年級、父親管教和母親管教上有顯著差異；在不同性別、班級類別、居住地區、父母婚姻狀況和家庭社經地位上則無顯著差異。
五、高中資優學生的社會支持與完美主義特質對憂鬱傾向之相關分析結果：在社會支持與憂鬱傾向上都呈現負相關；在完美主義特質與憂鬱傾向上，過度在意錯誤、個人標準和父母標準皆有顯著相關，而組織則無相關存在。
六、高中資優學生憂鬱傾向之預測性分析結果，「年級」、「母親管教態度」、「社會支持」、「完美主義特質」對高中資優學生的憂鬱傾向有預測力；而性別、班級類別、居住地區、父母婚姻狀況、父親管教態度和家庭社經地位則無預測力。
根據上述研究結果，研究者提出數點在輔導及未來研究上之建議，以供教師父母及未來研究之參考。

The purpose of this survey research was, first, to investigate the present situation of depression tendency, social support, and perfectionism trait of the gifted and talented students in senior high school. Second, to investigate the differences and predictions of depression tendency in background variables (gender, grade, G/T category, place of residence, marriage of parents, father teaching attitude, mother teaching attitude, and family socio-economic status ), social support, and perfectionism trait.
Amount to 501 G/T students were involved in the survey research. A self-administered survey instrument was used to collect date, named "The Life Sensation of Senior High School Students Scales". All of collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistic, t-test, One-way ANOVA, Pearson’s Product-Moment Correlation, and stepwise regression analysis.
The main findings were summarized as bellow:
1. The major social supports of G/T students were " informational support " from their family members, and next were "support of being respected" by their family members.
2. Among the four dimensions of perfectionism trait, the G/T students had highest score in the "organizational dimension", and next in the "personal standard dimension".
3. 20% of the tested G/T students (around 104 persons) had over 19 points in the scale of depression tendency; 49% of the tested G/T students (around 245 persons) had scores scattered from 8 to 18.
4. There were significant differences in depression tendency between grade, father teaching attitude, and mother teaching attitude. There were no significant differences in depression tendency between gender, G/T category, place of residence, marriage of parents, and family socio-economic status.
5. Among G/T students in senior/vocational high school, social support and depression tendency had significant negative correlations. Depression tendency had no correlation with the organizational dimension of perfectionism trait, but was significantly correlated to the last three dimensions of perfectionism trait.
6. Grade, mother teaching attitude, social support and perfectionism trait had prediction for depression tendency of G/T students. Gender, G/T category, place of residence, marriage of parents, father teaching attitude, and family socio-economic status didn’t have prediction for depression tendency of G/T students.
Based on the findings, the investigator proposed several suggestions for educational practice and for further research.

謝 辭 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Ⅰ
中文摘要 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Ⅱ
英文摘要 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Ⅲ
目 次 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Ⅳ表 次 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Ⅵ
圖 次 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Ⅷ

第一章 緒論 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 1
第一節 問題背景與研究動機 •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 1
第二節 研究目的、待答問題 •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 7
第三節 名詞釋義 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 10

第二章 文獻探討 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 13
第一節 憂鬱傾向之理論基礎 ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 13
第二節 社會支持與完美主義之理論基礎 •••••••••••••••• 33
第三節 資優青少年特質及其憂鬱傾向之相關研究•••••••••• 45

第三章 研究方法 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 57
第一節 研究設計 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 57
第二節 研究對象 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 59
第三節 研究工具 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 64
第四節 實施程序 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 80
第五節 資料分析 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 82

第四章 結果與討論 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 83
第一節 高中資優學生憂鬱傾向之相關現況描述分析 •••••••• 83
第二節 不同背景變項的高中資優學生在憂鬱傾向上之差異分析 100
第三節 高中資優學生的社會支持與完美主義特質對憂鬱傾向之
相關分析•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 108
第四節 高中資優學生憂鬱傾向之預測性分析 •••••••••••• 112

第五章 結論與建議•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 123
第一節 結論 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 123
第二節 建議 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 128

參考文獻 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 134
一、中文部分 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 134
二、英文部分 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 137

附錄 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 145
附錄一 高中資優學生生活感受調查問卷【建構專家效度用】• 145
附錄二 高中資優學生生活感受調查問卷【試驗性測試用】••• 155
附錄三 高中資優學生生活感受調查問卷【正式用】•••••••• 159
附錄四 專家效度名單 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 163
附錄五 施測說明 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 164
附錄六 協助施測教師之意見表 ••••••••••••••••••••••• 165
附錄七 項目分析摘要表 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 166
附錄八 相關書函 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 170

一、中文部分
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吳佳璇、李明濱（民91）。憂鬱症。台灣憂鬱症防治協會通訊，1，2-4。
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施雅薇（民93）。國中生生活壓力、負向情緒調適、社會支持與憂鬱情緒之關聯。國立成功大學教育研究所未出版之碩士論文。
教育部（民91）。身心障礙及資賦優異學生鑑定標準。台北：教育部。
教育部特殊教育通報網（民93年2月2日）。各縣市高中職階段資優類學生統計【公告】。台北：教育部。民93年2月17日，檢索自：http://www.set.edu.tw/frame.asp.
財團法人董氏基金會（民91）。青少年憂鬱量表使用手冊。台北：財團法人董氏基金會。
財團法人董氏基金會（民91）。青少年主觀生活壓力與憂鬱傾向之相關性調查。民93年2月17日，檢索自http://www.jtf.org.tw/psyche/examine/ survey.asp?This=48&Page=1#
徐靜芳（民92）。研究生生活壓力、社會支持與身心健康之關係。高雄師範大學輔導研究所未出版之碩士論文。
陳杏容（民90）。青少年因應壓力行為之探討-憂鬱情緒與偏差行為。東吳大學社會工作學系未出版之碩士論文。
陳玫伶（民85）。國小資優學生完美主義傾向與自我觀念及學業成就相關之研究。國立高雄師範大學特殊教育研究所未出版之碩士論文。
陳映雪（民77）。青少年的憂鬱與自殺。諮商與輔導，28，2-6。
陳錫銘（民80）。認知行為取向團體諮商對國小憂鬱兒童輔導效果的研究。國立台灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所未出版之碩士論文。
郭靜姿（民89）。談資優學生的特殊適應問題與輔導。資優教育季刊，75，1-6。
張高賓（民90）。談青少年之憂鬱及其輔導策略。輔導通訊，66，41-45。
張春興（民81）。張氏心理學辭典。台北市：東華書局。
黃君瑜、許文耀（民92）。青少年憂鬱量表編製之研究。教育與心理研究，26，167-190。
黃惠貞（民88）。國民中學學生社會計量地位與社會支持關係之研究。國立彰化師範大學教育研究所未出版之碩士論文。
葉真秀（民93）。高中生完美主義傾向、解釋風格與憂鬱程度之關係--以台中縣市六所高中為例。國立台中師範學院諮商與教育心理研究所未出版之碩士論文。
董力華（民92）。大學生完美主義傾向及其相關因素之研究。國立高雄師範大學教育學系未出版之博士論文。
楊明仁（民91）。台灣的社會與憂鬱。學生輔導通訊，80，52-59。
楊馥綸（民74）。南區國民中學資賦優異學生與一般學生行為困擾影響因素之比較研究。國立高雄師範大學教育研究所未出版之碩士論文。
衛生署統計室（民92）。民國91年國人主要死因統計資料。民92年11月27日，檢索自http://www.doh.gov.tw/statistic/data/死因摘要/91年/表18.xls。
蔡嘉慧（民87）。國中生的社會支持,生活壓力與憂鬱傾向之相關研究。國立高雄師範大學教育學研究所未出版之碩士論文。
鄭照順（民86）。高壓力青少年所知覺的家庭社會支持及其因應效能之研究。國立政治大學教育學系未出版之碩士論文。
劉慧慧（民91）。國中資優生情緒智力與道德判斷關係之研究。國立台東師範學院教育研究所未出版之碩士論文。
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