臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在智慧型手機蓬勃發展的今日，智慧型手機的應用不停地推陳出新，每當出現新的應用便會引起市場上一片熱議，而藍芽相關的應用也隨著BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy)的發展而變成當前炙手可熱的議題，而藍牙用於室內定位的相關研究也越來越多。本論文實際量測藍芽無線訊號的路徑衰減量，並在量測中加入障礙物與人體阻擋的因素來探討其對無線訊號衰減的影響，藉以建立一個較為準確的定位方式。

　　本論文中使用MATLAB建立一個GUI介面程式，使用者可以選擇想看到的測試情境，程式便會畫出此情境下的路徑衰減曲線與測試數據點，就可以由圖片中的曲線判斷目前接收端與發射端之間的距離屬於近距離、中距離或是遠距離，作為藍牙定位相關應用的參考依據。

With the prosperous development of smart phones new smart phone applications constantly emerge in the daily life. Whenever there is a new application of smart phone introduced in the market it will always generate pro and con heated discussions. Following the development of BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) Bluetooth related applications also become a hot topic at the present time and the study of applying Bluetooth in the indoor positioning has also appeared in many research fields. In this paper, we make field measurement of the path loss in the Bluetooth wireless transmission path and also in the measurement including obstacles and human blockings to investigate their effect on the wireless signal transmission so as to establish an accurate positioning methodology.

　　In this paper, we use MATLAB program to create a GUI interface. The user can choose the test scenario that he would like to review, and then the program will automatically plot the path loss curves for the selected test scenario and will mark the test data points; and consequently from the plotted curves the user can make the decision to determine the distance between the transmitter and receiver being a near-range, mid-range or a long-range and then this information will be used as reference when using Bluetooth as a positioning technique.

目錄
誌謝 ...................................................................................................I
中文摘要 ......................................................................................... II
ABSTRACT .................................................................................... III
目錄 ................................................................................................ IV
圖目錄 ............................................................................................ VI
表目錄 ............................................................................................ IX
第一章 緒論 .................................................................................... 1
1.1 研究背景 ............................................................................................ 1
1.2 研究動機 ............................................................................................ 2
1.3 各章節提要 ........................................................................................ 2
1.4 先期研究 ............................................................................................ 3
第二章 通道量測-RSSI ................................................................... 5
2.1 測量方法 ............................................................................................ 5
2.1.1 使用設備 ................................................................................. 5
2.1.2 測量場地 ................................................................................. 6
2.1.3 測量用APP ............................................................................ 7
2.2 直線距離衰減測量 ............................................................................ 9
2.3 直線距離+障礙物 衰減測量 ......................................................... 16
2.3.1 木板阻擋之衰減測量 ........................................................... 17
V
2.3.2 玻璃阻擋之衰減測量 ........................................................... 24
2.3.3 隔間板阻擋之衰減測量 ....................................................... 31
2.4 人體阻擋測量 .................................................................................. 36
2.4.1 單一人體阻擋測試 ............................................................... 36
2.4.2 直排人體阻擋測量 ............................................................... 40
2.4.3 橫排人體阻擋測量 ............................................................... 44
2.5 障礙物衰減比較 .............................................................................. 48
第三章 通道分析 .......................................................................... 50
3.1 通道模型 .......................................................................................... 50
3.2 接收信號強度指標 .......................................................................... 51
3.3 RSSI 距離估測 ................................................................................ 51
第四章 模擬與分析平台建置 ....................................................... 52
4.1 MATLAB GUI 平台 ........................................................................ 52
4.2 Android 距離測試程式 .................................................................... 53
第五章 結論 .................................................................................. 54
5.1 研究結果 .......................................................................................... 54
5.2 未來展望 .......................................................................................... 54

圖目錄
圖 1.1 三點定位法 .......................................................................................... 3
圖 1.2 方向性量測 .......................................................................................... 3
圖 1.3 結果比較圖 .......................................................................................... 4
圖 1.4 演算法流程 ........................................................................................... 4
圖 2.1 htc M9 ................................................................................................... 5
圖 2.2 htc M7 ................................................................................................... 5
圖 2.3 Sansung Galaxy S3 ............................................................................... 5
圖 2.4 場地左側視圖 ....................................................................................... 6
圖 2.5 場地右側視圖 ...................................................................................... 6
圖 2.6 淡江大學新工學大樓五樓平面圖 ....................................................... 6
圖 2.7 APP 開啟畫面 ....................................................................................... 7
圖 2.8 搜尋中畫面 .......................................................................................... 7
圖 2.9 測量用APP 程式流程圖 .................................................................... 8
圖 2.10 直線距離測量 示意圖 ....................................................................... 9
圖 2.11 無障礙實測圖(左前) ......................................................................... 9
圖 2.12 無障礙實測圖(右後) .......................................................................... 9
圖 2.13 htc M7 無障礙物測量 ..................................................................... 10
圖 2.14 Samsung Galaxy S3 無障礙物測量 ................................................ 10
圖 2.15 無障礙量測比較圖 .......................................................................... 11
圖 2.16 無障礙量測平均圖 .......................................................................... 11
圖 2.17 直線距離+障礙物測量 示意圖 ..................................................... 16
VII
圖 2.18 木板阻擋實測圖(右前) ................................................................... 17
圖 2.19 木板阻擋實測圖(左後) .................................................................... 17
圖 2.20 htc M7 木板阻擋測量 ..................................................................... 18
圖 2.21 Samsung Galaxy S3 木板阻擋測量 ................................................ 18
圖 2.22 木板阻擋量測比較圖 ...................................................................... 19
圖 2.23 木板阻擋量測比較圖 ...................................................................... 19
圖 2.24 玻璃阻擋實測圖(左前) ................................................................... 24
圖 2.25 玻璃阻擋實測圖(右後) .................................................................... 24
圖 2.26 htc M7 玻璃阻擋測量 ..................................................................... 25
圖 2.27 Samsung Galaxy S3 玻璃阻擋測量 ................................................ 25
圖 2.28 玻璃阻擋量測比較圖 ...................................................................... 26
圖 2.29 玻璃阻擋量測平均圖 ...................................................................... 26
圖 2.30 隔間板阻擋實測圖(右前) ................................................................ 31
圖 2.31 隔間板阻擋實測圖(右後) ................................................................ 31
圖 2.32 隔間板內部圖 .................................................................................. 31
圖 2.33 htc M7 隔間板阻擋測量 ................................................................. 32
圖 2.34 Samsung Galaxy S3 隔間板阻擋測量 ............................................ 32
圖 2.35 隔間板阻擋量測比較圖 .................................................................. 33
圖 2.36 隔間板阻擋量測平均圖 .................................................................. 33
圖 2.37 人體阻擋測量 示意圖 .................................................................... 36
圖 2.38 單一人體阻擋實測(右前) ................................................................ 36
圖 2.39 單一人體阻擋實測(左後) ................................................................ 36
圖 2.40 htc M7 單一人體阻擋測量 ............................................................. 37
圖 2.41 Samsung Galaxy S3 單一人體阻擋測量 ........................................ 37
圖 2.42 單一人體阻擋量測比較圖 .............................................................. 38
圖 2.43 單一人體阻擋量測平均圖 ............................................................... 38
圖 2.44 直排人體實測(右前) ........................................................................ 40
圖 2.45 直排人體實測(左後) ........................................................................ 40
圖 2.46 htc M7 直排人體阻擋測量 ............................................................. 41
圖 2.47 Samsung Galaxy S3 直排人體阻擋測量 ........................................ 41
圖 2.48 直排人體阻擋量測比較圖 ............................................................... 42
圖 2.49 直排人體阻擋量測平均圖 ............................................................... 42
圖 2.50 橫排人體實測(左前) ........................................................................ 44
圖 2.51 直排人體實測(左後) ........................................................................ 44
圖 2.52 htc M7 橫排人體阻擋測量 ............................................................. 45
圖 2.53 Samsung Galaxy S3 橫排人體阻擋測量 ........................................ 45
圖 2.54 橫排人體阻擋量測比較圖 ............................................................... 46
圖 2.55 橫排人體阻擋量測平均圖 ............................................................... 46
圖 2.56 各障礙物衰減比較平均圖 ............................................................... 48
圖 2.57 M7 各障礙物比較圖 ..................................................................... 49
圖 2.58 S3 各障礙物比較圖 ....................................................................... 49
圖 4.1 無線訊號衰減 MATLAB GUI 程式 ............................................... 52
圖 4.2 Android 距離測試APP ..................................................................... 53

表目錄
表 2.1 M7 - 1 無障礙測試資料 .................................................................... 12
表 2.2 M7 - 2 無障礙測試資料 .................................................................... 13
表 2.3 S3 - 1 無障礙測試資料 ..................................................................... 14
表 2.4 S3 - 2 無障礙測試資料 ..................................................................... 15
表 2.5 障礙物資料 ........................................................................................ 16
表 2.6 M7 - 1 木板阻擋測試資料 ................................................................ 20
表 2.7 M7 - 2 木板阻擋測試資料 ................................................................ 21
表 2.8 S3 - 1 木板阻擋測試資料 ................................................................. 22
表 2.9 S3 - 2 木板阻擋測試資料 ................................................................. 23
表 2.10 M7 - 1 玻璃阻擋測試資料 .............................................................. 27
表 2.11 M7 - 2 玻璃阻擋測試資料 .............................................................. 28
表 2.12 S3 - 1 玻璃阻擋測試資料 ............................................................... 29
表 2.13 S3 - 2 玻璃阻擋測試資料 ............................................................... 30
表 2.14 M7 - 1 隔間板阻擋測試資料 .......................................................... 34
表 2.15 M7 - 2 隔間板阻擋測試資料 .......................................................... 34
表 2.16 S3 - 1 隔間板阻擋測試資料 ........................................................... 35
表 2.17 S3 - 2 隔間板阻擋測試資料 ........................................................... 35
表 2.18 M7 - 1 單一人體阻擋測試資料 ...................................................... 39
表 2.19 M7 - 2 單一人體阻擋測試資料 ...................................................... 39
表 2.20 S3 - 1 單一人體阻擋測試資料 ....................................................... 39
表 2.21 S3 - 2 單一人體阻擋測試資料 ....................................................... 39
表 2.22 M7 - 1 直排人體阻擋測試資料 ...................................................... 43
表 2.23 M7 - 2 直排人體阻擋測試資料 ...................................................... 43
表 2.24 S3 - 1 直排人體阻擋測試資料 ....................................................... 43
表 2.25 S3 - 2 直排人體阻擋測試資料 ....................................................... 43
表 2.26 M7 - 1 橫排人體阻擋測試資料 ...................................................... 47
表 2.27 M7 - 2 橫排人體阻擋測試資料 ...................................................... 47
表 2.28 S3 - 1 橫排人體阻擋測試資料 ....................................................... 47
表 2.29 S3 - 2 橫排人體阻擋測試資料 ....................................................... 47
表 4.1 RSSI 等級區分 ................................................................................... 53

吳榮厚, 李揚漢, 曾憲威, 何應森, 黃梓城, 羅智元, “藍芽訊號強度實測之定位應用,” 第十二屆離島資訊技術與應用研討會 (ITAOI 2013), pp. 1229-1233, 2013.
Yih-Guang Jan, Hsien-Wei Tseng, Yang-Han Lee, Chih-Yuan Lo, and Liang-Yu Yen, "Accurate Bluetooth Positioning Using Weighting and Large Number of Devices Measurements," Wireless Personal Communication, vol. 79, no. 2, pp. 1129-1143, 2014.
T. Rama Rao,D. Balachander, “Short-Range Near-Floor RF Propagation Experiments in Indoor Corridors for Wireless Sensor Communications,” European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, pp. 3549-3553, 2013.
顏良祐, “多天線MIMO通道秩數量測研究,” 碩士論文,電機工程學系,淡江大學, 2011.
Kochláň Michal, Miček Juraj, “Indoor Propagation of 2.4GHz Radio Signal Propagation Models and Experimental Results,” International Conference on Digital Technologies, pp. 125-129, 2014.
Jie Yang,Pingxue Dong, “On the Power Spectrum Density of UWB Signals in IEEE 802.15.4a,” Eighth International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing, pp. 461-464, 2012.
陳秋汶, “ZigBee 室內定位研究,” 碩士論文,資訊工程學系,大同大學, 2012.
N. Alsindi, B. Alavi and K. Pahlavan, "Empirical pathloss model for indoor geolocation using UWB measurements," ELECTRONICS LETTERS, vol. 43, no. 7, 2007.
V.S. Abhayawardhana, I.J. Wassell, D.Crosby, M.P. Sellars, M.G.Brown, “Comparison of Empirical Propagation Path Loss Models for Fixed Wireless Access Systems,” Vehicular Technology Conference, pp. 73-77, 2005.
Ozkan Katircioglu, Osman Ceylan, Firat Taraktas, H. Bulent Yagci, “Comparing Ray Tracing, Free Space Path Loss and Logarithmic Distance Path Loss Models in Success of Indoor Localization with RSSI,” 19th Telecommunications, pp. 313-316, 2011.
Jason A. Dabin,Alexander M. Haimovich,Haim Grebel, "A Statistical Ultra-Wideband Indoor Channel Model and the Effects of Antenna Directivity on Path Loss and Multipath Propagation," IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 752-758, 2006.