臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

對大跨度橋梁而言，由於其柔度高及結構阻尼低，氣動力穩定及抖振反應變得格外重要。因此種型式的橋梁對風之敏感性高，裝置控制器來控制氣動力振動有其必要性。
目前已應用於工程上之被動式阻尼器包括了有調階質量阻尼器(TMD)、調頻液態阻尼器(TLD)及調頻液態U型管阻尼器(TLCD)等等。本文中則利用數值分析，研究調頻液態U型管阻尼器(TLCD)對大跨度橋梁之受風反應成效。文中推導出裝置阻尼器之橋體在同時考慮結構及氣動力耦合效應下，垂直、水平及扭轉向運動方程式，並進一步研究於橋面版中安裝阻尼器後，其對扭轉向反應之減振效果。
文中對調頻液態U型管阻尼器(TLCD)控制效果之研究，包含了有扭轉向質量比、水頭失流係數、TLCD之調節頻率及水平管長度與液體總長之比值(B/L)等之影響。並將數值分析結果與實驗結果做比較，結果顯示其一致性。此結果亦顯示，調頻液態U型管阻尼器(TLCD)確實能夠有效的抑制橋梁扭轉向之抖振反應。

For long-span bridges the aerodynamic stability and buffeting response become more significant due to their large flexibilities and relatively low structural dampings. Since the type of bridge is highly susceptible to wind excitations, it needs some devices to control the aerodynamic vibrations.
The passive dampers that have been used in the engineering structures include tuned mass dampers (TMD), tuned liquid dampers (TLD), tuned liquid column dampers (TLCD), and so on. A numerical analysis is used to study the performance of tuned liquid column dampers (TLCD) on wind-induced vibrations of long-span bridges. The governing equations of the bridge-damper system in lift, drag, and torsional directions are formulated and both structural coupling and aerodynamic coupling effects are taken into account. The reduction of dynamic torsional response through the attachment of the damper to the bridge deck are investigated.
The effects of torsional mass ratio, head loss, ratio of liquid horizontal length to its total length(B/L), and frequency of TLCD on the performance are also studied. Comparison between the numerical results and the experimental results indicate that they are in good agreement. The results also show that tuned liquid column dampers can effectively suppress torsional buffeting responses of bridges.

第一章 緒 論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究動機與目的 3
1.3 研究項目 4
1.4 論文架構 5
第二章 文獻回顧 7
2.1 前言 7
2.2 長跨徑橋梁受風振動反應 7
2.2.1 顫振 (Flutter) 8
2.2.2 抖振 (Buffeting) 10
2.2.3 渦流顫振(Vortex Shedding) 11
2.2.4 風馳效應(Galloping) 12
2.2.5 扭轉不穩定(Torsion Instability) 13
2.2.6 風力係數 13
2.2.7 顫振導數(Flutter derivative) 14
2.3 結構物振動控制 15
2.3.1 調諧質量、液態、液態U形管阻尼器之比較 15
2.3.2 TMD發展演進及相關之研究 16
2.3.3 TLD發展演進及相關之研究 17
2.3.4 TLCD之發展及相關之研究 18
第三章 理論背景 21
3.1振態耦合之橋梁顫振及抖振理論分析 21
3.1.1橋體運動方程式之建立 21
3.1.2 橋梁之外力介紹 23
3.1.2.1 自激力(Self-Excited Force) 24
3.1.2.2 抖振力(Buffeting Force) 25
3.1.3 振態耦合之顫振分析 26
3.1.4 抖振效應分析 30
3.1.4.1 風力交頻譜之推導 30
3.1.4.2 橋梁受風載重之位移反應 37
3.2 TLCD之基本理論推導 41
3.2.1 TLCD運動方程式 41
3.2.2水頭流失係數(Head loss coefficient) 45
3.2.3 隨機運動下之線性化等值阻尼 45
3.3 TLCD與結構互制之顫振與抖振 47
3.3.1 TLCD與結構之互制下之顫振 47
3.3.2 TLCD與結構互制下之抖振 55
第四章 設計範例之數值分析 58
4.1 前言 58
4.2 設計橋梁結構模式簡述 58
4.3 數值分析 59
4.3.1 橋梁結構分析 59
4.3.2 裝置TLCD後之橋梁受風反應 61
4.3.2.1 不同水頭流失係數之探討 62
4.3.2.2 不同TLCD頻率之探討 63
4.3.2.3 不同扭轉質量比之探討 64
4.3.2.4 不同液體總長度與水平管長度比值(B/L)之探討 64
4.3.2.5 裝置多個TLCD之減振效果 65
4.3.2.6 與實驗做比較 66
第五章 結論與建議 67
5.1 結論 67
5.2 建議 69
參考文獻 71
附圖 80

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