林明慧 (2003)。乳酸菌的調節免疫功能之探討。國立中興大學食品科學系碩士學位論文。
陳念榮 (2000)。第一與第二型輔助性T細胞表面抗原之研究。國立陽明大學微生物暨免疫學研究所博士論文。陳慶源和林富美 (2004)。益生菌之保健功效。食品工業。36, 1-3。
劉正儀 (2004)。綠藻對BALB/c小鼠全身性及腸道免疫之影響。私立台北醫學大學醫學研究所碩士論文。Abbas, A. K., Murphy, K. M., & Sher, A. (1996). Functional diversity of helper T lymphocytes. Nature, 383, 787-793.
Ahrne, S., Nobaek, S., Jeppsson, B., Adlerberth, I., Wold, A. E., & Molin, G. (1998). The normal lactobacillus flora of healthy human rectal and oral mucosa. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 85, 88-94.
Amrouche, T., Boutin, Y., & Fliss, I. (2006). Effects of bifidobacterial cytoplasm peptide and protein fractions on mouse lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production. Food and Agricultural Immunology, 17, 29-42.
Banchereau, J., & Steinman, R. M. (1998). Dendritic cells and the control of immunity. Nature, 392, 245-252.
Bengmark, S. (2002). Gut microbial ecology in critical illness: is there a role for prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics? Current Opinion in Critical Care, 8, 145-151.
Bibel, D. J. (1982). Centennial of the rise of cellular immunology: Metchnikoff’s discovery at Messina. ASM News, 48, 558-560.
Bloksma, N., de Heer, E., & van Dijk, H. (1979). Adjuvanticity of lactobacilli. I. Differential effects of viable and killed bacteria. Clinical and Experimental Immunology, 37, 367-375.
Bohn, E., & Autenrieth. I. B. (1996). IL-12 is essential for resistance against Yersinia enterocolitica by triggering IFN-gamma production in NK cells and CD41 T cells. Journal of Immunology, 156, 1458–1468.
Brandtzaeg, P. (1996). History of oral tolerance and mucosal immunity. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 778, 1-27.
Brandtzaeg, P. (2002). Current understanding of gastrointestinal immunoregulation and its relation to food allergy. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 946, 13-45.
Carr, F. J., Chill, D., & Maida, N. (2002). The lactic acid bacteria: a literature survey. Critival Reviews in Microbiology, 28, 281-370.
Cella, M., Sallusto, F., & Lanzavecchia, A. (1997). Origin, maturation and antigen presenting function of dendritic cells. Current Opinion in Immunology, 9, 10-16.
Christensen, H. R., Frokiar, H., & Pestka, J. J. (2002). Lactobacilli differentially modulate expression of cytokines and maturation surface markers in murine dendritic cells. Journal of Immunology, 168, 171-178.
Constant, S. L., & Bottomly, K. (1997). Induction of Th1 and Th2 CD4+ T cell responses: the alternative approaches. Annual Review of Immunology, 15, 297-322.
Cross, M. L. (2002). Microbes versus microbes: immune signals generated by probiotic lactobacilli and their role in protection against microbial pathogens. FEMS. Immunology and Medical Microbiology, 34, 245-253.
Cross, M. L., Stevenson, L. M., & Gill, H. S. (2001). Anti-allergy properties of fermented foods: An important immunoregulatory mechanism of lactic acid bacteria? International Immunopharmacology, 1, 891-901.
Deitch, E. A., Xu, D., Qi, L., & Berg. R. D. (1991). Bacterial translocation from the gut impairs systemic immunity. Surgery, 109, 269-276.
De Roos, N. M., & Katan, M. B. (2000). Effect of probiotic bacteria on diarrhea, lipid metabolism, and carcinogenesis: a review of papers published between 1988 and 1998. American Journal of Nutrition, 71, 405-411.
Djukanovic, R., Wilson, J. W., Britten, K. M., Wilson, S. J., Walls, A. F., Roche, W. R., Howarth, P. H., & Holgate, S. T. (1990). Quantitation of mast cells and eosinophils in the bronchial mucosa of symptomatic atopic asthmatics and healthy control subjects using immunohistochemistry. The American Review of Respiratory Disease, 142, 863-871.
Elson, C. O., Cong, Y., Iqbal, N., & Weaver, C. T. (2001). Immuno-bacterial homeostasis in the gut: New insights into an old enigma. Seminars in Immunology, 13, 187-194.
Erickson, K. L., & Hubbard, N. E. (2000). Probiotic immunomodulation in health and disease. Journal of Nutrition, 130, 403-409 .
Erika, I., Yelda, S., Pasi, K., Heikki, A., & Seppo, S. (2001). Probiotics: Effects on immunity. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 73, 444s-500s.
Fletcher, J. M. (1995). Second generation functional foods. Flair-Flow reports, F-FE, 190-195.
Fresno, M., Kopf, M., & Rivas, L. (1997). Cytokines and infectious diseases. Immunology Today, 18, 56-58.
Fujiwara, D., Inoue, S., Wakabayashi, H., & Fujii, T. (2004). The anti-allergic effects of lactic acid bacteria are strain dependent and mediated by effects on both Th1/Th2 cytokine expression and balance. International Archives of Allergy and Immunology, 135, 205-215.
Fuller, R., & Brooker, B. E. (1973). Ecological studies on the Lactobacillus flora associated with the crop epithelium of the fowl. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 27, 1305-1312.
Gajewski, T. F., & Fitch, F. W. (1988). Anti-proliferative effect of IFN-gamma in immune regulation. I. IFN-gamma inhibits the proliferation of Th2 but not Th1 murine helper T lymphocyte clones. Journal of Immunology, 140, 4245-4252.
Gill, H. S. (1998). Stimulation of the immune system by lactic cultures. International Dairy Journal, 8, 535.
Gill, H. S., Rutherfurd, K. J., Prasad, J., & Gopal, P. K. (2000). Enhancement of natural and acquired immunity by lactobacillus rhamnosus (HN001), lactobacillus acidophilus (HN017) and bifidobacterium lactis (HN019). The British Journal of Nutrition, 83, 167-176.
Goldin, B. R., & Gorbach, S. L. (1984). The effect of milk and lactobacillus feeding on human intestinal bacterial enzyme activity. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 39, 756-761.
Goldsby, R. A., Kindt, T. J., & Osborne, B. A. (2000). Kuby Immubology. 5th ed. W. H. Freeman. New York. USA.
Groux, H., O''Garra, A., Bigler, M., Rouleau, M., Antonenko, S., de Vries, J. E., & Roncarolo, M. G. (1997). A CD4+ T-cell subset inhibits antigen-specific T-cell responses and prevents colitis. Nature, 389, 737-742.
Guarner, F., & Schaafsma, G. J. (1998). Probiotics. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 39, 237-238.
Hall, S. S. (1995). IL-12 at the crossroads. Science, 268, 1432–1434.
Haller, D., Blum, S., Bode, C., Hammes, W. P., & Schiffrin, E. J. (2000). Activation of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells by Nonpathogenic Bacteria In Vitro: Evidence of NK Cells as Primary Targets. Infection and Immunity, 68, 752-759.
Haller, D., Bode, C., & Hammes, W. P. (1999). Cytokine secretion by stimulated monocytes depends on the growth phase and heat treatment of bacteria: A comparative study between lactic acid bacteria and invasive pathogens. Microbiology and Immunology, 43, 925-935.
Hamelmann, E., & Gelfand, E. W. (1999). Role of IL-5 in the development of allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness. International Archives of Allergy andIimmunology, 120, 8-16.
Holzapfel, W. H., Haberer, P., Snel, J., Schillinger, U., & Huis, in''t Veld J. H. (1998). Overview of gut flora and probiotics. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 41, 85-101.
Iwasaki, A., & Kelsall, B. L. (1999a). I. mucosal dendritic cells: Their specialized role in initiating T cell responses. AJP - Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 276, G1074-1078.
Iwasaki, A., & Kelsall, B. L. (1999b). Freshly isolated peyer''s patch, but not spleen, dendritic cells produce interleukin 10 and induce the differentiation of T helper type 2 cells. The Journal of Experimental Medicine, 190, 229-240.
Kagnoff, M. F., & Eckmann, L. (1997). Epithelial cells as sensors for microbial infection. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 100, 6-10.
Kankaanpaa, P., Sutasb, Y., Salminena, S., & Isolaurib, E. (2003). Homogenates derived from probiotic bacteria provide downregulatory signals for peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Food Chemistry, 83, 269-277.
Kato, I., Tanaka, K., & Yokokura, T. (1999). Lactic acid bacterium potently induces the production of interleukin-12 and interferon-gamma by mouse splenocytes. International Journal of Immunopharmacology, 21, 121-131.
Kelleher, P., Maroof, A., & Knight, S. C. (1999). Retrovirally induced switch from production of IL-12 to IL-4 in dendritic cells. European Journal of Immunology, 29, 2309-2318.
Kenworthy, R. (1971). Observations on the reaction of the intestinal mucosa to bacterial challenge. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 24, 138-142.
Klaver, F. A., & van der Meer, R. (1993). The assumed assimilation of cholesterol by lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium is due to their bile salt-deconjugating activity. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 59, 1120-1124.
Kubin, M., Chow, J. M., & Trinchieri, G. (1994). Differential regulation of interleukin-12 (IL-12), tumor necrosis factor a, and IL-1 production in human myeloid leukemia cell lines and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Blood, 83, 1847–1855.
Kuchroo, V. K., Das, M. P., Brown, J. A., Ranger, A. M., Zamvil, S. S., Sobel, R. A., Weiner, H. L., Nabavi, N., & Glimcher, L. H. (1995). B7-1 and B7-2 costimulatory molecules activate differentially the Th1/Th2 developmental pathways: application to autoimmune disease therapy. Cell, 80, 707-718.
Laissue, J. A., & Gebbers, J. O. (1992). The intestinal barrier and the gut-associated lymphoid tissue. Current Studies in Hematology and Blood Transfusion, 59, 19-43.
Lee, J. W., Shin, J. G., Kim, E. H., Kang, J. E., Yim, I. B., Kim, J. Y., Joo, H. G., & Woo, H. J. (2004). Immunomodulatory and antitumor effects in vivo by the vytoplasmic fraction of Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium longum. Journal of Veterinary Science, 5, 41-48.
Lin, Y. L., Liang Y. C., Lee S. S., & Chiang, B. L. (2005). Polysaccharide purified from Ganoderma lucidum induced activation and maturation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells by the NF-B and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 78, 533-543.
Macatonia, S. E., Hosken, N. A., Litton, M., Vieira, P., Hsieh, C. S., Culpepper, J. A., Wysocka, M., Trinchieri, G., Murphy, K. M., & O''Garra, A. (1995). Dendritic cells produce IL-12 and direct the development of Th1 cells from naive CD4+ T cells. Journal of Immunology, 154, 5071-5079.
Macpherson, A. J., & Harris, N. L. (2004). Interactions between commensal intestinal bacteria and the immune system. Nature reviews Immunology, 4, 478-485.
Malin, M., Suomalainen, H., Saxelin, M., & Isolauri, E. (1996). Promotion of IgA immune response in patients with Crohn’s disease by oral bacteriotherapy with Lactobacillus GG. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 40, 137-145.
Marteau, P., Verman, J. P., Dehennin, J. P., Bord, S., Brassart, D., Pochart, P., Desjeux, J. F., & Rambaud, J. C. (1997). Effects of intrajejunal perfusion and chronic ingestion of Lactobacillus johnsonii strain La 1 on serum concentration and jejunal secretions of immunoglobulins and serum proteins in healthy humans. Gastroenterologie Clinique et Biologique, 21, 293-298.
Mastroeni, P., Harrison, J. A., Chabalgoity, J. A., & Hormaeche, C. E. (1996). Effect of interleukin-12 neutralization on host resistance and gamma interferon production in mouse typhoid. Infection and Immunity, 64, 189-196.
Matsuzaki, T., & Chin, J. (2000). Modulating immune responses with probiotic bacteria. Immunology and Cell Biology, 78, 67-73.
Miettinen, M., Vuopio-Varkila, J., & Varkila, K. (1996). Production of Human Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha, Interleukin-6, and Interleukin-10 Is Induced by Lactic Acid Bacteria. Infection and Immunity, 64, 5403-5405.
Mohamadzadeh, M., Olson, S., Kalina, W. V., Ruthel, G., Demmin, G. L., Warfield, K. L., Bavari, S., & Klaenhammer, T. R. (2005). Lactobacilli activate human dendritic cells that skew T cells toward T helper 1 polarization. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 102, 2880-2885.
Molin, G., Jeppsson, B., Johansson, M. L., Ahrne, S., Nobaek, S., Stahl, M., & Bengmark, S. (1993). Numerical taxonomy of lactobacillus spp. associated with healthy and diseased mucosa of the human intestines. The Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 74, 314-323.
Morita, H., He, F., Fuse, T., Ouwehand, A. C., Hashimoto, H., Hosoda, M., Mizumachi, K., & Kurisaki, J. (2002). Cytokine production by the murine macrophage cell line J774.1 after exposure to lactobacilli. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 66, 1963-1966.
Murosaki, S., Yamamoto, Y., Ito, K., Inokuchi, T., Kusaka, H., Ikeda, H., & Yoshikai, Y. (1998). Heat-killed lactobacillus plantarum L-137 suppresses naturally fed antigen-specific IgE production by stimulation of IL-12 production in mice. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 102, 57-64.
Murray, J. S. (1998). How the MHC selects Th1/Th2 immunity. Immunology Today, 19, 157-163.
Nagata, S., McKenzie, C., Perder, S. L. E., Bajaj-Elliott, M., Fairclough, P. D., Walker-Smith, J. A., Monteleone, G., & MacDonald, T. T. (2000). Human peyer’s patch T cells are sensitized to dietary antigen and display a Th cell type 1 cytokine profile. Journal of Immunology, 165, 5315-5312.
Nakamura, Y., Yamamoto, N., Sakai, K., & Takano, T. (1995). Antihypertensive effect of sour milk and peptides isolated from it that are inhibitors to angiotensin I-converting enzyme. Journal of Dairy Science, 78, 1253-1257.
Neutra, M. R. (1999). M cells in antigen sampling in mucosal tissues. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, 62, 4915-4921.
Niess, J. H., Brand, S., Gu, X., Landsman, L., Jung, S., McCormick, B. A., Vyas, J. M., Boes, M., Ploegh, H. L., Fox, J. G., Littman, D. R., & Reinecker, H. C. (2005). CX3CR1-mediated dendritic cell access to the intestinal lumen and bacterial clearance. Science, 307, 254-258.
O’Garra, A. (1998). Cytokine induce the development of functionally heterogeneous T helper cell subsets. Immunity, 8, 275-283.
O’Garra, A., & Arai, N. (2000). The molecular basis of T helper 1 and 2 cell differentiation. Trends in Cell Biology, 10, 542-550.
O’Sullivan, M. A., & O’Morain, C. A. (2000). Bacterial supplementation in the irritable bowel syndrome. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study. Digestive Liver and Disease, 32, 294-301.
Oksanen, P. J., Salminen, S., Saxelin, M., Hamalainen, P., Ihantola-Vormisto, A., Muurasniemi-Isoviita, L., Nikkari, S., Oksanen, T., Porsti, I., & Salminen, E. (1999). Prevention of travellers’ diarrhoea by Lactobacillus GG. Annals of Medicine, 22, 53-56.
Orrhage, K., Sillerstrom, E., Gustafsson, J. A., Nord, C. E., & Rafter, J. (1994). Binding of mutagenic heterocyclic amines by intestinal and lactic acid bacteria. Mutation Research, 311, 239-248.
Ouwehand, A. C., Kirjavaine n, P. V., Gronlund, M. M., Isolauri, S. J., & Salminen. (1999). Adhesion of probiotic microorganisms to intestinal mucus. International Dairy Journal, 9, 623–630.
Panoutsakopoulou, V., Little, C., Sieck, T., Blankenhorn, E., & Blank, K. (1998). Differences in the immune response during the acute phase of E-55 murine leukemia virus infection in progressor BLAB and long term nonprogressor C57BL mice. Journal of Immunology, 161, 17-26.
Peng, S., Lin, J. Y., & Lin, M. Y. (2007). Antiallergic effect of milk fermented with lactic acid bacteria in a murine animal model. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55, 5092-5096.
Perdigon, G., Alvarez, S., Rachid, M., Aguero, G., & Gobbato, N. (1995). Immune system stimulation by probiotics. Journal of Dairy Science, 78, 1597-1606.
Perdigon, G., Vintini, E., Alvarez, S., Medina, M., & Medici, M. (1999). Study of the possible mechanisms involved in the mocosal immune system activation by lactic acid bacteria. Journal of Dairy Science, 82, 1108-1114.
Pochard, P., Gosset, P., Grangette, C., Andre, C., Tonnel, A. B., Pestel, J., & Mercenier, A. (2002). Lactic acid bacteria inhibit TH2 cytokine production by mononuclear cells from allergic patients. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 110, 617-623.
Pouwels, P. H., Leer, R. J., & Boersma, W. J. (1996). The potential of Lactobacillus as a carrier for oral immunization: development and preliminary characterization of vector systems for targeted delivery of antigens. Journal of Biotechnology, 44, 183-192.
Rengarajan, J., Szabo, S., & Glimcher, L. (2000). Transcriptional regulation of Th1/Th2 polarization. Immunology Today, 21, 479-483.
Rescigno, M., Urbano, M., Valzasina, B., Francolini, M., Rotta, G., Bonasio, R., Granucci, F., Kraehenbuhl, J. P., & Ricciardi-Castagnoli, P. (2001). Dendritic cells express tight junction proteins and penetrate gut epithelial monolayers to sample bacteria. Nature Immunology, 2, 361-367.
Robinson, D. S., & Kay, A. B. (1996). Role of Th1 and Th2 cells in human allergic disorders. Chemical Immunology, 63, 187-203.
Roncarolo, M., Levings, M. K., & Traversari, C. (2001). Differentiation of T regulatory cells by immature dendritic cells. The Journal of Experimental Medicine, 193, F5-9.
Saarela, M., Lahteenmaki, L., Crittenden, R., Salminen, S., & Mattila-Sandholm, T. (2002). Gut bacteria and health foods－the European perspective. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 78, 99-117.
Sansonetti, P. J. (2004). War and peace at mucosal surfaces. Nature reviews Immunology, 4, 953-964.
Scavage, D. C. (1983). Mechanisms by which indigenous microorganism colonize gastrointestinal epithetial surfaces. Progess in Food Nutrition Science, 7, 65-75.
Scheinbach, S. (1998). Probiotics: functionality and commercial status. Biotechnology Advances, 16, 581-608.
Schiffrin, E. J., Rochat, F., Link-Amster, H., Aeschlimann, J. M., & Donnet-Hughes, A. (1995). Immunomodulation of human blood cells following the ingestion of lactic acid bacteria. Journal of Dairy Science, 78, 491-497.
Schley, P. D., & Field, C. J. 2002. The immune-enhancing effects of dietary fibres and prebiotics. British Journal of Nutrition, 87, s221-S230.
Sekine, K., Toida, T., Saito, M., Kuboyama, M., Kawashima, T., & Hashimoto, Y. (1985). A new morphologically characterized cell wall preparation (whole peptidoglycan) from Bifidobacterium infantis with a higher efficacy on the regression of an established tumor in mice. Cancer Research, 45, 1300-1307.
Solis-Pereyra B., Aattouri N., & Lemonnier D. (1997). Role of food in the stimulation of cytokine production. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 66, 521S-525S.
Stagg, A. J., Hart, A. L., Knight, S. C., & Kamm, M. A. (2004). Microbial-gut interactions in health and disease. interactions between dendritic cells and bacteria in the regulation of intestinal immunity. Best practice & research.Clinical gastroenterology, 18, 255-270.
Strobel, S., & A. M., Mowat. (1998). Immune responses to dietary antigens: oral tolerance. Immunology Today, 19, 173-181.
Takahashi, T., Nakagawa, E., Nara, T., Yajima, T., & Kuwata, T. (1998). Effects of orally ingested Bifidobacterium longum on the mucosal IgA response of mice to dietary antigens. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 62, 10-15.
Trinchieri, G. (1995). Interleukin-12: A proinflammatory cytokine with immunoregulatory functions that bridge innate resistance and antigen-specific adaptive immunity. Annual Review of Immunology, 13, 251-276.
Venturi, A., Gionchetti, P., Rizzello, F., Johansson, R., Zucconi, E., Brigidi, P., Matteuzzi, D., & Campieri, M. (1999). Impact on the composition of the faecal flora by a new probiotic preparation: preliminary data on maintenance treatment of patients with ulcerative colitis. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 13, 1103-1108.
Von der Weid, T., Bulliard, C., & Schiffrin, E. J. (2001). Induction by a lactic acid bacterium of a population of CD4+ T cells with low proliferative capacity that produce transforming growth factor {beta} and interleukin-10. Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, 8, 695-701.
Wang, K. Y., Li, S. N., Liu, C. S., Perng, D. S., Su, Y. C., Wu, D. C., Jan, C. M., Lai, C. H., Wang, T. N., & Wang, W. M. (2004). Effects of ingesting Lactobacillus- and Bifidobacterium containing yogurt in subjects with colonized Helicobacter pylori. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 80, 737-741.
Weiner, H. L. (1997). Oral tolerance: immune mechanisms and treatment of autoimmune disease. Immunology Today, 18, 335-343.
Weiner, H. L. (2000). Oral tolerance, an active immunologic process mediated by multiple mechanisms. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 106, 935-937.
Wells, J. M., Robinson, K., Chamberlain, L. M., Schofield, K. M., & Le Page, R. M. (1996). Lactic acid bacteria as vaccine delivery vehicles. Antonie van Leenwenhoek, 70, 317-330.
Zeuthen, L. H., Christensen, H. R., & Frokiaer, H. (2006). Lactic acid bacteria inducing a weak interleukin-12 and tumor necrosis factor alpha response in human dendritic cells inhibit strongly stimulating lactic acid bacteria but act synergistically with gram-negative bacteria. Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, 13, 365-375.
Zhang, X. B., & Ohta, Y. (1993). Microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract of the rat prevent absorption of the mutagen-carcinogen 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido (4,3-b) indole. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 39, 841-845.