臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

中壓直流配電系統為一種新的船舶供電技術，近年來廣受許多船廠及船舶使用者討論及研究。由於這類配電架構存在不同電力轉換器且交流及直流系統同時供電，系統之穩態穩定度(Steady-State Stability)問題變成相當重要，透過電力潮流(Power Flow)計算可分析這類的問題。本文主要目的是建立一套整合電力轉換器之船舶直流配電系統之潮流分析模式，首先將考慮船上中低壓操作特性來推導AC/DC電力轉換器在穩態下之電力潮流精確數學模型，接著利用牛頓拉弗森演算法來發展一體化交直流電力潮流(Unified AC/DC Power Flow)數學模型，同時求解交流系統及直流系統與交直流介面匯流排之潮流方程式，以作為系統規劃之參考。藉由所發展的分析模式，發電機與電力轉換器之不同連接架構於特定負載及發電資料下之發電/配電設備與電力轉換器之穩態操作特性可以正確地決定出來，以提供較好的系統規劃結果。分析結果可提供有用的訊息給工程師在規劃及設計類似系統時之參考。

Medium voltage DC (MVDC) electrical distribution system that is a novel technique for sea and undersea vehicles has been extensively studied by ship building corporations and end-users in recent years. In this type of distribution systems, the steady-state stability issue is important because of the presence of different types of power converters and both of AC and DC power supply in the system. Power flow analyses can be carried to address this issue. This thesis aims to build a set of power flow analysis model for ship MVDC distribution systems with different types of power converters. A rigid power flow model of the power converters in steady-state is first. Derived to consider medium and low voltage characteristics of electric power system on this type of ship. A Newton-Raphson algorithm based unified AC/DC power flow solution model then is developed to incorporate AC-system and DC-system models and the AC/DC interface buses for system planning purpose. With the developed analysis model, the steady-state operating characteristics of the power-generation/distribution system and power converters for a given set of busbar loads and power generations in this type of distribution system can be accurately determined for providing a better system planning result. The analysis results can provide engineers useful information for planning and designing similar systems.

目 錄
摘 要 Ⅰ
Abstract Ⅱ
誌 謝 III
目 錄 Ⅳ
圖 目 錄 VII
表 目 錄 IX
符 號 表 XI

第一章　緒　論
1.1　研究動機及目的 1
1.2　國內外相關研究概況 3
1.3　論文大綱 3

第ニ章　船舶中壓直流配電系統
2.1　中壓直流配電系統架構 5
2.1.1　放射狀架構 7
2.1.2　區域狀架構 9
2.2　供電系統連接方式 13
2.2.1　一般連接 13
2.2.2　單一機組連接 14
2.2.3　群組連接 14
2.3　船舶電力電子技術 15
2.3.1　電力負載種類 16
2.3.2　電力電子模組 18

第三章　中壓直流配電系統之潮流數學模型
3.1　可控型電力轉換器數學模型 20
3.1.1　AC/DC整流器模型 21
3.1.2　DC/AC逆變器模型 23
3.1.3　DC/DC轉換器模型 27
3.2　電力潮流數學模型 29
3.2.1　一體化電力潮流模型 29
3.2.2　不同連接方式之直流主匯流排電壓計算 40
3.3　系統穩態穩定度評估指標 41
3.3.1　平均電壓變動指標 41
3.3.2　直流電壓傳輸品質指標 42

第四章　模擬結果及討論
4.1　測試系統資料 43
4.2　系統穩態測試結果 47
4.3　不同轉換器阻抗對船舶中壓直流配電系統之發電機與電力
轉換器連接架構之影響 51
4.4　發電機組與電力轉換器之不同連接方式對穩態穩定度分析
結果之影響 53
4.5　不同整流器觸發角與降壓轉換器週期對分析結果之影響 55
4.6　直流電壓傳輸品質測試結果 60

第五章　結論及未來研究方向
5.1　結論 64
5.2　未來研究方向 66

參考文獻 67

附錄A　船舶可控型電力轉換器模型推導 71

作者履歷 83

圖目錄
圖2.1 船舶中壓直流配電系統之操作模組 5
圖2.2 中壓直流放射狀配電系統架構 8
圖2.3 船舶直流區域狀配電系統架構 10
圖2.4 發電機與電力轉換器之連接架構 14
圖2.5 船舶電力負載 16
圖2.6 電力電子模組架構圖 18
圖3.1 船舶中壓直流配電系統之可控型電力轉換器連接示意圖 21
圖3.2 可控型整流器等效電路 23
圖3.3 逆變器輸入端(a)電流(b)電壓波形 24
圖3.4 降壓型轉換器電路 27
圖3.5 降壓型轉換器開關閉合之等效電路圖 27
圖3.6 降壓型轉換器開關打開之等效電路圖 28
圖3.7 典型之交/直流配電系統 30
圖3.8 船舶中壓直流配電系統之潮流分析流程圖 33
圖4.1 船舶中壓直流區域狀配電系統之一般連接架構(scheme-I) 43
圖4.2 船舶中壓直流區域狀配電系統之群組連接架構(scheme-II) 44
圖4.3 船舶中壓直流區域狀配電系統之單一機組連接架構(scheme-III) 45
圖4.4 不同整流器觸發角對平均電壓變動指標之變化情形 57
圖4.5 不同整流器觸發角對系統損失之變化情形 58
圖4.6 不同降壓轉換器週期對平均電壓變動指標之變化情形 59
圖4.7 不同降壓轉換器週期對系統損失之變化情形 60
圖4.8 不同整流器觸發角對直流電壓傳輸品質指標之變化情形 61
圖4.9 不同發電容量對直流電壓傳輸品質指標之變化情形 63
圖A.1 6脈衝全波可控型橋式整流器電路 73
圖A.2 6脈衝可控型整流器操作波形圖 75
圖A.3 6脈波可控型橋式整流器電路之全導通期間 76
圖A.4 1號閘流體於進入換向期間之整流器電路 77
圖A.5 進入換向期間的電壓和電流波形 78
圖A.6 可控型整流器換向期間(a)電流與(b)電壓 79

表 目 錄
表2.1 電力電子設備變換類型 16
表3.1 轉換器之電壓數學模型比較 25
表3.2 轉換器之實功率數學模型比較 26
表3.3 轉換器之電流與虛功率數學模型比較 26
表4.1 一般連接架構之測試系統發電量及負載量資料 46
表4.2 一般連接架構之線路資料 46
表4.3 一般連接架構AC/DC與DC/AC轉換器資料 47
表4.4 一般連接架構DC/DC降壓轉換器資料 47
表4.5 船舶中壓直流區域狀配電系統之一般連接架構之匯流排電壓及相角測試結果 48
表4.6 船舶中壓直流區域狀配電系統之一般連接架構之轉換器換向電流 49
表4.7 船舶中壓直流區域狀配電系統之一般連接架構之線路潮流 48
表4.8 船舶中壓直流區域狀配電系統之一般連接架構之轉換器傳輸功率 49
表4.9 船舶中壓直流區域狀配電系統之一般連接架構之轉換器換向重疊角及邊界角 50
表4.10 船舶中壓直流區域狀配電系統之一般連接架構之系統線路損失 50
表4.11 船舶中壓直流區域狀配電系統之一般連接架構之系統轉換器損失 51
表4.12 不同轉換器阻抗對船舶中壓直流配電系統之負載匯流排電壓之影響 52
表4.13 不同轉換器阻抗對船舶中壓直流配電系統之系統損失之影響 52
表4.14 發電機與電力轉換器之不同連接方式對轉換器重疊角及邊界角之比較 54
表4.15 發電機與電力轉換器之不同連接方式對匯流排電壓之比較 54
表4.16 發電機與電力轉換器之不同連接方式對轉換器傳輸功率之比較 55
表4.17 發電機與電力轉換器之不同連接方式對系統損失之比較 55
表4.18 不同整流器觸發角對平均電壓變動指標之影響 56
表4.19 不同整流器觸發角對系統損失之影響 57
表4.20 不同降壓轉換器週期對平均電壓變動指標之影響 59
表4.21 不同降壓轉換器週期對系統損失之影響 59
表4.22 不同整流器觸發角對直流電壓傳輸品質指標之影響 61
表4.23 不同發電容量對直流電壓傳輸品質指標之影響 62
表A.1 全波可控整流電路之閘流體換向動作 73

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