臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

中文摘要
本試驗之目的在探討飼糧中添加不同含量之非澱粉多醣類（non-starch polysaccharides, NSP）對0∼3週雛鵝生長性能與腸道性狀之影響。試驗一，選取1日齡體重相近之白羅曼雌雛鵝120隻，區分成5個處理組，每處理4重複，鵝隻分別餵飼添加大麥糠配製成含0、3、6、9及12%由大麥糠來源之NSP半純化飼糧，飼糧粗蛋白質含量為20%、代謝能3000 kcal/kg，每一處理均含16 %由玉米來源之NSP；試驗二，選取1日齡體重相近之白羅曼雌雛鵝120隻，區分成5個處理組，每處理4重複，以鹼萃取的大麥糠NSP，分別額外添加0、3、6、9及12%於基礎飼糧，基礎飼糧含粗蛋白質20%、代謝能3000 kcal/kg及18％由玉米來源之NSP。二個試驗雛鵝皆以籠飼飼養（90 cm×56 cm ×58 cm），試驗期皆為3週，試驗一之飼料與飲水採任食，試驗二以添加大麥糠NSP 12%處理組之飼料消耗量為基準，作為各處理組之餵料量，使各處理組鵝隻每日採食同量的營養分，飲水採任食。
試驗結果顯示，隨飼糧NSP含量增加，飼糧纖維含量隨之增加。試驗一結果顯示隨著飼糧NSP含量增加，迴腸內容物黏度增加；試驗二結果顯示各處理組間各段腸道內容物黏度無顯著差異（P＞0.05）。生長性狀方面，試驗一各處理組間皆無顯著差異（P＞0.05）；試驗二雛鵝每日增重則隨著NSP含量增加而有較佳之趨勢，但當大麥糠來源之NSP含量增加到12%時，對雛鵝每日增重及飼料轉換率則均呈現負面的影響。腸道相對長度方面，盲腸及結直腸之相對長度皆會隨著NSP含量增加而顯著增長。試驗一盲腸內容物中丁酸含量，隨著NSP含量增加而呈顯著提高（P＜0.05）；而試驗二則各處理組間無顯著差異（P＞0.05）。腺窩增生速率方面，試驗一及試驗二中各腸道腺窩增生速率皆以12% NSP處理組最快，尤其以試驗一腸道增生幅度大於試驗二。細胞活性方面，試驗一及試驗二之腸道DNA含量皆會隨著NSP含量增加而增加，且腸道細胞大小會隨著DNA含量高低而做調整。

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different levels of dietary non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) on the growth performance and intestinal characteristics in goslings during 0-3 weeks old. In Trial 1, one hundred and twenty 1 day old of White Roman female goslings were selected and randomly allotted into five groups and housed in wire cages (90 cm × 56 cm × 58cm). Each group of goslings was made four replicates with 6 birds and fed one of five isocaloric、isonitrogenous diets that contained 0、3、6、9 and 12% NSP from barley hull, respectively. Experimental diets containing 20% crude protein and 3,000 kcal/kg metabolizable energy and another 16% NSP from corn. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum. In Trial 2, one hundred and twenty 1 day old of White Roman female goslings were used and randomly allotted into five groups and housed in wire cages. Each group of goslings was made four replicates with 6 birds and fed one of five diets that were basal diet (containing 20% crude protein ,3,000 kcal/kg metabolizable energy and 18% NSP from corn) supplemented with 0、3、6、9 and 12% alkali extracted NSP from barley hull, respectively. The nutrients were provided the same by modulating fed intake among treatments. Water was supplied ad libitum. The experimental period was 3 weeks for each trial. The results indicated that the total dietary fiber content increased with incorporated levels of NSP in the diet. In trail 1 the viscosity of feed increased as NSP level increased, but there was not significantly different in trail 2. Growth performance was not significantly different among groups in trail 1. In trail 2, average daily gain increased as NSP level increased from 0 to 9% (P＜0.05). However, it has a negative effect on average daily gain and feed conversion when NSP level reached 12%. In relative length of the caecum and colon-rectum significantly increased with increasing dietary NSP level. In trial 1, when dietary NSP level increased, the viscosity of ileal digesta and butyric acid of caecum significantly increased, but same manner was not discovered in trail 2. The crypt cell proliferatin rate (CCPR) of 12% dietary NSP treatment was the fastest among treatments in each trial. The rising CCPR of trail 1 is much fast than that of trail 2. The DNA content of intestine increased with increasing dietary NSP level and cells size was readjusted with DNA content in each trial.

目錄
壹、中文摘要……………………………………………….1
貳、前言…………………………………………………….3
參、文獻檢討……………………………………………….5
一、飼糧纖維與非澱粉多醣類之定義…………..5
二、NSP之化學結構……………………………………….6
三、NSP的物理化學特性…………………….............9
(一)鍵結及吸附之能力………………………………………… 9
(二)保水性及膨脹能力……………………………………9
(三)黏滯性………………........................................12
四、飼糧纖維與NSP之關係………………………………..14
五、微生物對飼糧纖維之利用………………………………14
六、腺窩細胞之增生…………………………………......15
(一)腸道上皮細胞之增生………………………….......15
(二)飼糧纖維與腸道上皮細胞增生之關係.............17
肆、材料與方法…………………………………………….....19
一、試驗動物與試驗設計…………………………………...19
二、試樣之採取與處理……………………………………....23
三、分析項目與方法：……………………………………...23
(一)飼料之化學分析……………………………………..23
(二)NSP之萃取方法(鹼萃取法)………………………….24
(三)飼糧纖維含量之測定……………………………..25
(四)in.vitro法測定飼料原料及飼糧黏度…………………26
(五)盲腸內容物短鏈脂肪酸之測定…………………………26
(六)腸道內容物黏度之測定………………………………...27
(七)腺窩細胞增生速率之測定…………………..........27
(八)脂道黏膜DNA、RNA與蛋白質之測定...........28
四、統計分析…………………………………………………...28
伍、結果與討論……………………………………………………29
一、飼料原料中飼糧纖維之含量及黏度..…………………….. 29
二、生長性狀……………………………………………………33
三、腸道性狀……….………………………..................... 37
1. 腸道內容物黏度………………………………………... 37
2. 盲腸內容物中SCFA含量………………………………...40
3. 腸道相對長度及重量…………………………………………43
4. 腸道黏膜組織DNA、RNA與蛋白質……………….......47
5. 腺窩細胞增生速率…………………………………….....53
陸、結論………………………………………………………………59
柒、參考文獻…………………………………………………………61
捌、英文摘要.................………………………………………………70
表次
表 1. 試驗飼糧組成(試驗一) •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 20
表 2. 試驗飼糧之營養分組成(試驗一) •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 21
表 3. 基礎飼糧組成(試驗二) •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 22
表 4. 試驗一飼糧纖維份化(%，風乾基)及黏度分析(試驗一) •••••••••• 31
表 5. 試驗二飼糧纖維份化(%，風乾基)及黏度分析(試驗二) •••••••••• 31
表 6. 飼料原料中飼糧纖維份化(%，風乾重)及黏度分析••••••••••••••• 32
表 7. 鹼萃取大麥糠非澱粉多醣類之組成••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 32
表 8. 不同NSP含量飼糧對雛鵝生長性狀之影響(試驗一) •••••••••••• 35
表 9. 飼糧中添加不同含量之鹼萃取NSP對雛鵝生長性狀之影響
(試驗二) ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 36
表10. 不同NSP含量飼糧對雛鵝腸道內容物黏度之影響
（試驗一）•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 39
表11. 飼糧中添加不同含量之鹼萃取NSP對雛鵝腸道內容物黏度之
影響（試驗二）••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 39
表12. 不同NSP含量飼糧對雛鵝盲腸中SCFA之影響（試驗一）
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 42
表13. 飼糧中添加不同含量之鹼萃取NSP對雛鵝盲腸中SCFA之影響
（試驗二）•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 42
表14. 不同NSP含量飼糧對雛鵝腸道相對長度及重量之影響
（試驗一）•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 45
表15. 飼糧中添加不同含量之鹼萃取NSP對雛鵝腸道相對長度及重量之影響（試驗二）••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 46
表16. 不同NSP含量飼糧對雛鵝腸道黏膜DNA、RNA及蛋白質影響
(試驗一) ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 51
表17. 飼糧中添加不同含量之鹼萃取NSP對雛鵝腸道黏膜DNA、RNA及
蛋白質之影響(試驗二) ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 52
圖次
圖1.構成飼糧纖維之主要細胞壁成分之分類••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 5
圖2.植物中常見之多醣類結構••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 7
圖3.穀類中兩種主要之NSP結構••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 8
圖4.飼糧纖維及不被消化之多醣類增加結腸重及糞便排出量之機制•••••••• 11
圖5.可溶性NSP對脂質及蛋白質消化作用之影響••••••••••••••••• 13
圖6.細胞有絲分裂循環••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 17
圖7.雛鵝空腸黏膜組織經Feulgen染色之切片•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 55
圖8.雛鵝空腸腺窩組織經Feulgen染色之顯微鏡圖••••••••••••••••••• 56
圖9.不同NSP含量飼糧對雛鵝腸道腺窩細胞增生速率之影響
(試驗一) ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 57
圖10.飼糧中添加不同含量之鹼萃取NSP對雛鵝腸道腺窩細胞增生速率之影響(試驗二)•••••••••••••••••••••• 58

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