臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本篇研究中，比較三種以石墨烯奈米片為主的奈米材料:氧化石墨烯(GO)、氧化石墨烯-聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化銨(GO-PDDA)、氮化石墨烯(AMG)及兩種以金(Au)為主的奈米材料:金奈米棒(Au-rod)、氧化石墨烯-金奈米棒(GO/Au-rod)對於細菌(大腸桿菌)的光熱治療及抗菌效果。首先，我們利用Hummer法來製備氧化石墨烯，再分別以90oC加熱攪拌方式加入PDDA以及200oC水熱法方式加入ammonia來獲得我們的GO-PDDA及AMG。金奈米棒則是利用晶種成長法來製備，並利用正負電電荷吸引力，製備出GO/Au-rod，以觀察其光熱和抗菌的效果。
我們藉由拉曼光譜儀，紅外線光譜，X射線繞射，穿透式電子顯微鏡，X光電子能譜儀，和zeta電位 (zeta potential) 進行來分析石墨烯衍生物及金衍生物的特性。結果顯示，AMG奈米片的大小約為500-1000nm，而zeta電位由GO的-51.7mV，經過氨水的水熱法改質後增加至34.2 mV時，其巨大的電荷變化，來自於氨基被接枝於GO上。另外，利用紫外光-可見光光譜分析結果顯示，GO/Au-rod具有短軸 (520 nm)、長軸 (800nm)兩波段的吸收峰，GO的吸收峰則出現於波長230nm。此外，利用穿透式電子顯微鏡也可以觀察到金奈米棒均勻分布在氧化石墨烯奈米片上。光熱測試顯示，GO-PDDA暴露於近紅外光雷射（808奈米）下10分鐘，可使溶液溫度上升約48.7oC ，為幾個樣品中光熱效果最好的，接著為AMG (39.2oC)、GO/Au-rod (41.3oC) 及GO (35. oC)。最後，我們利用大腸桿菌來評估我們材料的抗菌能力，結果顯示， AMG的抗菌效果是最好的，可能是由於正電荷的NH2官能團較容易吸附並包覆在帶負電的大腸桿菌上，造成此優異的抗菌能力。

In this study, the photo-thermal therapeutic efficiency and antibacterial (E.coli) capability were evaluated by the following five nanohybrids, such as graphene oxide (GO), graphene oxide-Poly(diallyldimethylammonium) chloride (GO-PDDA), ammonia-modified-graphene (AMG), Au nanorods (Au-rod), and GO/Au-rod. First, the graphene oxide was prepared by hummer method, and then GO-PDDA and AMG were prepared by adding PDDA under stirring at 90oC and ammonia by hydrothermal methods at 200oC, respectively. Au-rods were prepared by seeded growth method, and then immobilize on the graphene nanosheets (GO/Au-rod) by charge interaction to observe their photothermal efficiency and antibacterial capability.
The characterizations of the nanohybrids were evaluated by Raman, FTIR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and zeta potential. The result shows the size of AMG nanosheets is 500-1000 nm, and zeta potential is from -51.7 to 34.2 mV while GO transfer to AMG, induced the huge charge change by the amino group modification. Furthermore, the UV-Vis spectra of GO/Au-rod show that three adsorption peaks, including the signal of GO at 230 nm, latitude and longitude of Au-rod at, 520 nm and 800 nm, respectively. Moreover, the result of TEM exhibit that the Au-rod well-distributed on the GO nanosheets. Photothermal assay shows that GO-PDDA the best photothermal capability, compared to the AMG, GO/Au-rod, and GO. GO-PDDA, AMG, GO/Au-rods solutions could arise about 48.7oC, 39.2oC, and 41.25oC while exposed in the near-IR laser (808 nm) for 10 mins, compared to about arising 35.1oC in GO solution. Finally, the antibacterial (E.coli) ability was evaluated in the several nanohybrids. AMG nanosheetsdisplay the best antibacterial capability, because positive charge (NH2 group) of AMG can easily absorb and wrap E.coli and then to kill the bacterial.

明志科技大學碩士學位論文指導教授推薦 i
明志科技大學碩士學位論文口試委員審定書 ii
誌謝 iii
中文摘要 iv
英文摘要 v
目錄 vi
表目錄 ix
圖目錄 x
第一章 緒論 1
1-1. 前言 1
1-2. 研究動機 2
1-3. 研究目的 3
第二章 文獻回顧與整理 4
2-1. 細菌的相關簡介 4
2-1-1. 細菌 4
2-1-2. 細菌細胞之解剖構造 5
2-1-3. 影響細菌生殖的因素 7
2-1-4. 革蘭氏陽性菌與陰性菌 8
2-1-5. 金黃色葡萄球菌 10
2-1-6. 大腸桿菌 10
2-2. 抗菌材料 11
2-2-1. 抗菌的概念 11
2-2-2. 抗菌作用及材料 13
2-3. 抗菌材料能力評估 16
2-3-1. 傳統塗菌法 16
2-3-2. 螢光顯微鏡 (Epifluorescence Microscopy，EFM) 16
2-3-3. 流式細胞儀 (Flow cytometry，FCM) 16
2-3-4. 螢光染色法 17
2-3-5. 螢光染色與傳統塗菌之比較 17
2-3-6. 抗菌材料的應用 18
2-4. 奈米材料-石墨烯 19
2-4-1. 石墨烯的發現 19
2-4-2. 石墨烯的介紹 19
2-4-3. 石墨烯基本結構 20
2-4-4. 石墨烯之特性 21
2-4-5. 石墨烯之製備方式 24
2-4-6. 石墨烯之應用 26
2-5. 石墨烯衍生物-氧化石墨烯、氮化石墨烯 28
2-5-1. 氧化石墨烯的介紹 28
2-5-2. 氮化石墨烯的介紹 29
2-6. 奈米材料-金奈米棒 30
2-6-1 奈米 30
2-6-2. 金奈米棒介紹 33
2-6-3. 金奈米棒的合成方式 34
第三章：實驗藥品、儀器及方法 36
3-1. 實驗藥品 36
3-2. 實驗儀器 38
3-2-1. 水熱罐 38
3-2-2. 表面形貌分析儀 38
3-2-2-1. 高解析場發掃瞄式電子顯微鏡 (FE-SEM) 38
3-2-2-2. 高解析穿透式電子顯微鏡 (TEM) 39
3-2-3. 表面結構分析儀 40
3-2-3-1. 拉曼散射光譜儀 (Raman) 40
3-2-3-2. 化學分析電子光譜儀 (ESCA) 41
3-2-4. 薄膜結晶分析 42
3-2-4-1. X光繞射儀 (XRD) 42
3-3. 實驗方法 43
3-3-1. 實驗流程 43
3-3-2. 石墨烯官能基化流程 43
3-3-3. GO/PDDA 複合物製備 44
3-3-4. Ammonia-modified-graphene (AMG)製備流程 44
3-3-5. 抗菌性測試 45
3-3-6. 螢光染色法 46
第四章：結果與討論 48
4-1. 拉曼光譜儀分析 (Raman) 48
4-2. 介達電位 (Zeta Potential) 50
4-3. X光繞射分析(XRD) 51
4-4. 穿透式電子顯微鏡(TEM) 53
4-5. 傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜儀 (FTIR) 54
4-6. 紫外光-可見光光譜儀 (UV-Vis) 56
4-6. X 光射線光電子能譜儀 (XPS) 57
4-7.大腸桿菌檢量線 61
4-8. GO、GO/PDDA、AMG、Au-rod及GO/Au-rod之抗菌能力測試 62
4-9. GO、GO/PDDA、AMG之抗菌情形 63
4-10. GO、GO/PDDA、AMG生熱情況 64
第五章：結論 65
參考文獻 66

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