臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

臺灣高速公路交通服務水準過去皆以「道路壅塞情況」(V/C值)及「行車順暢程度」為評估標準，缺乏對「交通安全潛在社會成本」、「時間成本」及「環境保護」的量測指標。本研究所提出之指標係跟隨國際社會對綠色經濟、綠色交通運輸的重視與發展趨勢，以臺灣高速公路電子收費計程收費系統所建置之交通參數收集系統(TDCS)之資料，利用大量原始數據，考量不同穿越需求交通流量、路段平均旅行速率衍生之「時間成本」與「污染排放」、「交通安全」等因子，分別融合「旅行時間延滯成本參數指標」、「碳排放增量成本參數指標」、「潛在肇事機率成本參數指標」而成一綜合型綠色與安全服務水準評估指標(Green and Safety Index for Evaluating Level of Services, GSI)，用以評估高速公路綠色服務水準之標準。用路人將可透過即時在線的APP軟體，獲得即時的道路旅行延滯、碳排放、及安全等社會成本資訊。經過實證結果驗證，本研究所建構之GSI指標與傳統「道路壅塞情況」(V/C值)及「行車順暢程度」對交通狀態之評估結果相當，已具有輔助或替代傳統V/C服務水準指標之能力；在後續發展上，將應用綠色指標所提供之安全、效率、環保等即時性指標資訊，研究發展APP軟體，使其具有低汙染指標之路徑導引功能，並透過測試樣本，檢核APP軟體之正確性，並分析不同族群對提供延滯、碳排放及安全指標功能的接受性，進而分析其市場效應及行為效應。

The traditional roadway level of service (LOS) is based on the volume-capacity (V/C) ratio, which measures the volume of traffic and traffic situations. However, this approach does not follow the green transport trend, and it lacks the comprehensive concepts of time cost, environmental protection, and potential social cost of traffic safety. Given the international focus on the development of green economies and transport, this study examined freeways in Taiwan to establish three indicators: cost of travel delay, cost of incremental carbon emissions, and cost of potential accidents. Traffic data from the electronic toll collection system in Taiwan were collected and analysed according to three factors derived from different traffic volumes and travel speeds: time cost, pollution, and traffic safety. The results were integrated into a green and safety index for evaluating level of services to replace the overall evaluation standard for traditional freeway LOS. This indicates that the GSI index has the potential to represent actual traffic situations, and the model produces reasonable results and is able to reflect external social costs. In the future, using data collected from the application, the authors will analyse how sensitive and/or effective the GSI information is on the market, particularly for different clusters and trip purposes. Furthermore, such GSI values will be delivered online to traffic control centers for reference in traffic management. The GSI index can be used also as an eco-money basis of road price differentiation.

中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
目錄 iii
圖目錄 v
表目錄 vii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 研究目的 2
1.3 研究內容、限制與範圍 3
1.4 研究流程 5
1.5 論文架構 8
第二章 文獻回顧 9
2.1 交通服務水準評估文獻 9
2.2 時間成本、旅行時間及延滯時間文獻 13
2.3 碳排放量文獻 18
2.4 交通安全及肇事處理文獻 23
2.5 文獻回顧小結 27
第三章　資料來源與研究方法概述 29
3.1 資料來源 29
3.2 研究方法概述 34
第四章 旅行時間延滯成本 36
4.1 時間成本-旅行時間延滯成本模式 36
4.2 時間成本-旅行時間延滯成本分析 38
4.3 時間成本-旅行時間延滯成本指標 44
第五章 碳排放增量成本 47
5.1 污染排放-碳排放增量成本模式 47
5.2 污染排放-碳排放增量成本分析 51
5.3 污染排放-碳排放增量成本指標 55
第六章 潛在肇事機率成本 58
6.1 國道肇事事故現況 58
6.2 交通安全-潛在肇事機率成本模式 69
6.3 交通安全-潛在肇事機率成本分析 78
6.4 交通安全-潛在肇事機率成本指標 85
第七章 綠色交通指標 88
7.1 GSI指標 89
7.2 大區段之GSI指標 91
7.3 GSI服務水準指標界定 99
第八章 研究成果與討論 101
8.1 GSI指標特性分析 101
8.2 GSI指標綜合討論 117
第九章 結論與建議 124
9.1 結論 124
9.2 建議 125
參考文獻 128

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