臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

許多的研究指出，雨滴粒徑分布依降雨的情況有不同的特性，而且雨滴粒徑分佈可決定雲中含水量(W)，回波強度(Z)，降雨率(R)等降雨積分參數，因此分析雨滴粒徑分布的特性十分重要。

本研究使用撞擊式雨滴譜儀探討2010年凡那比颱風侵台期間之雨滴粒徑分佈特性，儀器分別架設於南部:高雄甲仙、集來站，以及北部:翡翠、霞雲站，本研究將凡那比颱風侵台期間的降水區分為四個不同的雨帶（外圍環流、颱風眼通過前的強對流雨帶、颱風眼通過後的強對流雨帶和螺旋雨帶），分析颱風侵台期間不同雨帶的雨滴粒徑分佈特性。

　　研究結果顯示：外圍環流降雨的小雨滴濃度明顯多於其他雨帶，而颱風眼通過前具有較多的大雨滴以及小雨滴濃度，颱風眼通過後的強對流雨帶則具有較少的小雨滴和較多的大雨滴濃度。

　　綜合降雨積分參數的比較結果顯示：斜率參數(Λ)及形狀參數(μ)這兩個參數有著良好的關係。由μ值的比較顯示，颱風眼通過後的強對流雨帶的μ值較大，表示小雨滴數量較少，而颱風眼通過前的強對流雨帶的μ值較小，顯示小雨滴數量較多。而在Λ值比較上，強對流值皆較小，顯示中雨滴和大雨滴數量皆較多，此結果與雨滴粒徑分布結果具有一致性。由於截距參數(N_0)會受到μ值的影響，因此將其標準化得到標準化截距參數(N_w)，探討均質粒徑D_m與標準化截距參數N_w的關係並與前人研究比較。結果顯示颱風所引進的外圍環流降水，甲仙與集來站部分較偏海洋性降水，而強對流則偏向大陸性降水，除了甲仙站的颱風眼通過前的強對流雨帶為混合降水，螺旋雨帶的降水分佈與層狀性降水分佈大致上相同。

Many studies have indicated that there are different characteristics of the drop size distribution(DSD) according to the rainfall situation. The DSD can determine the rainfall integer parameters, including liquid water content(W), reflectivity factor(Z) and rainfall rate(R), etc. Therefore, it is very important to analyze the characteristics of DSD.

Joss-Waldvogel disdrometers was conducted in this study to investigate the characteristics of DSD associated with the landfall of the typhoon Fanapi in 2010. There are four Joss-Waldvogel disdrometers had been deployed in the south ( Kaohsiung Jiasian station and Jilai station) and the north (Feitsui station and Hsiayun station) respectively. Base on the distribution and variation of radar reflectivity, we can attribute the precipitation associated with typhoon Fanapi to four different rainbands: the peripheral circulation, the strong convection rainbands before the eye passing through, the strong convection rainbands after the eye passing through and spiral rainbands. The characteristics of DSD in different rainbands during typhoons invading Taiwan will be investigated in this study.

The results from this study about DSD indicate that there are more small drops concentration in the precipitation associated with peripheral circulation than in other rainbands. There are more large drops and small drops concentration in the strong convection rainbands before the eye area passing through than in the strong convection rainbands after the eye passing through.

When comparing the rainfall integer parameters, there is good relation between the slope(Λ) and the shape index(μ). The bigger μ value in the strong convection rainbands after the eye passing through means less small drop concentration. The smaller μ value in the strong convection rainbands before the eye passing through means more small drop concentration. Since the Λ values are smaller in all the rainbands associated with strong convection rainbands before and after the eye passing through means more midsize drops concentration and large drops concentration in the strong convection rainbands. This findings are consistent with DSD investigation. Because the intercept parameter (N_0) is influenced by μ value, we normalize it and get the generalized intercept parameter(N_w). Comparing with previous studies about the relation between mass-weighted diameter D_m and the generalized intercept parameter N_w, the precipitation accompany with peripheral circulation of the typhoon was closed to maritime convective type. The precipitation type of the strong convection rainbands is in the range of continental convective type. The spiral rainbands was approximately the same with the distribution of stratiform type.

目錄
摘要……………………………………………………………i
Abstract………………………………………………………ii
致謝……………………………………………………………iv
目錄…………………………………………………………… v
圖表說明………………………………………………………vi


第一章 序論........................................1
1.1 前言 ..........................................1
1.2 文獻回顧......................................1
1.3 研究背景及動機................................4
第二章 資料來源及分析............................7
2.1 資料來源......................................7
2.2 儀器介紹......................................7
2.3 個案介紹......................................8
2.4 雨滴粒徑分佈計算..............................9
2.5 Gamma DSD 之計算.............................10
2.6 標準化 Gamma 雨滴粒徑分佈的計算..............11
2.7 層狀與對流降水型態的分類方法.................12
第三章 個案期間的雨滴粒徑分布特性...............14
3.1 降雨率與Dm關係...............................14
3.2 雨滴粒徑分布.................................14
3.3 Gamma DSD 參數 μ、Λ..........................16
3.4 Gamma DSD 參數Nw、Dm.........................18
3.5 個案期間的雨滴粒徑...........................21
第四章 結論與展望...............................24
4.1 結論 .........................................24
4.2 未來展望.....................................26
參考文獻..........................................27
表............................................... 31
圖............................................... 34

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