臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

由於台灣地處亞熱帶，在雷雨季節裡，尤其在夏季，特別容易發生雷電，當閃電擊中輸電線路時會注入巨大的能量，而雷突波會藉由輸電線傳播使得過電壓保護電驛動作造成電力傳輸中斷，對於供電品質影響甚大。
雷電分作好幾種，而對地面上的建築物及人類造成威脅的主要是以雲對地間雷，雲對地間雷又可分成上行雷與下行雷，其中以下行雷的發生頻率較高。目前的雷擊保護元件以傳統的法蘭克林避雷針和現代的消雷針為主，本研究的重點之一即在比較傳統之避雷針與現代之消雷針的構造、原理、保護效果以及國內外使用規範。
另一研究課題為，非直擊雷害造成鄰近區域內架空線上的感應電壓的探討，雷擊閃絡可視為長距離的放電暫態現象，過程中會使得雷擊周遭的電、磁場劇烈變動，將會在鄰近的金屬物件上感應出電壓造成二次的傷害。本論文對此的研究步驟是先將回復閃擊現象量化成數值表示後，利用Maxwell方程式推導出空間中電磁場強度，配合Agrawal Model描述電磁場與架空線的耦合現象，以傳輸線方程式求解感應電壓，最後將結果寫成MATLAB程式，運用電腦快速分析能力可解析不同雷擊條件下的架空線上的感應電壓值，提供設計電力系統保護協調時參考之用。

For a country situated at the subtropical zone, such as Taiwan, lightning occurs very often, especially in summer, when there are thunderstorms. When the lightning hit the overhead-lines, it would inject the huge energy into overhead-lines. Outage by surge through overhead-lines would decrease power quality.
Lightning can be divided into many types. The one most threatening to people and structure is the cloud to ground discharged. There are two kinds of cloud to ground discharged. One is upward, and the other is downward. The downward lightening happens more frequently. At present, Lightning rods and Lightning Eliminators are the more popular devices of lightning protection. My research focus on compared Structure, theory, protection effect of those devices, and collected standards, experiments from foreign as well as domestic.
Another research topic is evaluated lightning induced voltages on nearby overhead-lines. Lightning is a transient, high-current discharge whose path length is measured in kilometers. During flash, neighbor electromagnetic field change violently, that would induce voltages on close-by metal. To find induce-voltages on overhead-lines must be transformed lightning phenomenon into numeric equation first. Apply Maxwell-equations to equal space electromagnetic, using Agrawal Model to describe coupling between overhead-lines and electromagnetic. Transmission equation can find the solution of induce-voltages by lightning. Finally, this thesis applied above solutions will offer a program by MATLAB. It can find solutions quickly and correctly in different conditions.

摘要......................................................I
ABSTRACT.................................................II
目錄....................................................III
圖 索 引................................................VII
表索引...................................................XI
第一章 緒論..............................................1
1.1 研究動機..............................................1
1.2 文獻回顧及研究方向....................................1
第二章 雷擊的成因.........................................4
2.1 雷雲形成..............................................4
2.2 前導閃擊與回覆閃擊....................................5
2.3 放電路徑..............................................9
2.4 雷擊分類.............................................12
第三章 防雷措施與現行保護規範............................14
3.1 前言.................................................14
3.2 避雷針...............................................15
3.3 消雷針...............................................18
3.4 消雷針應用現況 .......................................23
3.5 各國之建築物雷擊保護規範.............................31
第四章 電腦輔助分析避雷針保護範圍........................37
4.1 前言.................................................37
4.2 利用電腦分析保護範圍.................................37
4.3 圖形使用者介面 .......................................43
第五章 架空線上的雷擊感應電壓估算........................51
5.1 研究背景.............................................51
5.2 理想地表之雷擊電磁場估算.............................53
5.2.1 回覆閃擊模型 .......................................54
5.2.2 時域中電磁場的輻射概述.............................59
5.2.3 應用於雷擊時之電磁場輻射...........................64
5.3 理想地表之雷擊感應電壓估算...........................66
5.3.1 雷擊電磁場與架空線耦合模型.........................66
5.3.2 第一傳輸線方程式...................................68
5.3.3 第二傳輸線方程式...................................70
5.3.4 傳輸線方程式聯立解.................................72
5.4 非理想地表之影響.....................................73
5.5 模擬結果.............................................75
第六章 結論..............................................87
6.1 總結 ................................................87
6.2 未來工作.............................................88
附錄A....................................................89
A.1 建築物年預計雷擊次數.................................89
A.2 中國大陸建築物防雷分類...............................91
參考文獻.................................................93

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