臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來，電動機車發展快速，市面上常見電動機車電池大多使用四顆12V鉛酸電池串聯作為能量來源。然而，串聯電池組於充放電期間由於各電池的差異，容易造成電池過度充電及過度放電的危險，影響電池充放電效率，進而降低電動車續航力。因此，提升電池壽命，成為電動車發展的重要目標。而一般的電動機車馬達驅動器直接連接串聯電池組，當電池電壓下降時，將會造成馬達轉速將無法達到額定轉速。

本文旨在研究具電池均勻充電之升降壓型無刷直流馬達驅動器，整體架構主要由一升降壓型驅動電路與電池旁通電路所組成。當電池電壓下降時，可經由升降壓型驅動電路繼續穩定的供應無刷直流馬達運轉所需之能量。同時，針對串聯電池組各電池電壓進行監測，當下降至截止電壓時，便解離該電池以避免過度放電。此外，所提之驅動器亦可以直接連接市電，配合旁通電路來對串聯電池組進行均勻充電。最後，本論文實際研製600W之雛型電路來驅動一額定轉速3000rpm無刷直流馬達，並連接市電對四顆鉛酸電池均勻充電，以驗證系統之可行性。

In recent years, the development of the electric motorcycle is growing rapidly. The four 12V series-connected batteries are usually used as the power source in common electric motorcycles. However, due to the differences in each battery, batteries may be overcharged or overdischarged. The charging efficiency would then be reduced as well as the endurance of the electric motorcycle. Moreover, the motor speed would be reduced by the battery voltage drops because the series-connected batteries are directly connected to the drivers in common electric motorcycles. Therefore, enhancing the battery life and the motorcycle endurance are the most important issues.

A Ćuk-type brushless DC motor driver with batteries balancing charging is proposed in this thesis. The driver is composed of a Ćuk-type inverter and a bypass circuit for four series-connected batteries. While the battery voltage drops, the Ćuk-type inverter can still deliver stable power to the motor for remaining the speed. Meanwhile, the voltage of each battery is monitoring to avoid overcharging. The proposed driver circuit can also be used as the grid connected balancing charger for the series-connected batteries. Finally, a 600W prototype circuit is constructed to driving a brushless DC motor with rated speed 3000rpm. The proposed driver is also connected to the grid for balancing charging the series-connected batteries. Corresponding experimental results are given to verify the validity and the performance of the proposed driver.

中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
誌謝 iii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 vi
表目錄 ix
第一章 緒論 1
1.1研究背景 1
1.2研究動機 2
1.3論文架構 3
第二章 電路架構及工作原理探討 4
2.1串聯電池組均勻充電工作原理 4
2.2無刷直流馬達驅動方式 8
2.3升降壓型直交流轉換電路 12
第三章 具電池均勻充電之升降壓型無刷直流馬達驅動器 15
3.1系統架構 15
3.2電路設計 17
3.3控制器規劃 33
3.4週邊電路設計 41
3-4-1功率元件驅動電路設計 41
3-4-2回授電路設計 43
第四章 實驗結果 45
4.1硬體電路與實驗平台 45
4.2電路實測 48
4.3串聯電池組均勻充電實測 56
第五章 結論與未來研究方向 60
5.1結論 60
5.2未來研究方向 61
參考文獻 62


圖目錄
圖2-1 固定消耗型均勻架構 ........ 5
圖2-2 消耗型旁通均充架構 ........ 6
圖2-3 旁通型均勻架構 ................ 7
圖2-4 三相換流器電路架構 ........ 9
圖2-5 120

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