臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

由拖鞋蘭(Paphiopedilum spp.) 與綬草(Spiranthes sinensis)根段，共分離出Trichoderma屬、Fusarium屬、Rhizoctonia屬與mycelia sterile四大類真菌。使用螢光顯微鏡觀察Rhizoctonia屬PaR1、PaR2與SpR1的細胞核數，分別為多核、雙核與單核，依其菌絲形態與核數配合檢索表對照，各為Rhizoctonia solani、Rhizoctonia repens與未能區分至種名的uninucleate Rhizoctonia sp.。
使用四種絲核菌屬蘭菌，接種兩品種拖鞋蘭植株，培植6個月後，其最適菌種各有不同。對Paphiopedium delenatii而言，最佳菌種為由相同品種根部分離所得之Rhizoctonia repens (PaR2)菌種，似乎有專一性的存在。但對Paph. Maudiae Type此品種，其最適合菌種為由綬草根部分離所得之uninucleate Rhizoctonia sp. (SpR1)。由野生金線連根部所分離的Rhizoctonia solani (R04)菌種對兩品種拖鞋蘭皆具促進生長效果。接種15天後，就可在Paph. delenatii的皮層內看到大量菌絲團。菌絲的侵入是藉由根毛進入根被細胞內，其根被的層數為6-7層，在根被上可見穿孔(perforations)構造。絲核菌在皮層細胞內的擴張方式，是利用單一菌絲穿透細胞壁感染鄰近細胞後，在被感染的細胞內產生多條菌絲，然後集結形成菌絲團(peloton)，而菌絲團常在鄰近細胞核處出現。依觀察結果推測，此絲核菌感染拖鞋蘭根部的模式應屬菌球消化(tolypophagy)。
使用氯化膽鹼(choline chloride)，可以顯著促進Paphiopedium delenatii植株的鮮重增加，而氯化膽鹼與環己六醇(choline chloride + inositol)合用、氯化膽鹼或太空精(aminosong solution)單獨施用，都具有顯著增加Paph. delenatii葉長的效果。Paph. Maudiae Type的小苗僅施用太空精，可以顯著的增加兩倍葉長。使用激勃素GA3與GA4+7，可以誘導拖鞋蘭開花，濃度以100ppm的促進抽苔效果最好。但使用激勃素會造成花梗不正常彎曲；整體花形不對稱；上萼片內捲、形狀變狹長；花瓣捲曲；子房變長等畸形花問題。建議將來可改變GA濃度，或共同使用蘭菌與其他植物激素，作為後續實驗調整，用以改善此畸形花的問題。

There were four geneus fungi , including Trichoderma、Fusarium、Rhizoctonia and mycelia sterile had been isolated from the roots of Paphiopedilum spp. and Spiranthes sinensis. The cell nucleus of PaR1、PaR2 and SpR1 is multinucleate、binucleate and mononucleate respectively as observed by fluorescence microscopy. Use morphological characteristics of hyphea、cell nucleus numbers and checking list , this three Rhizoctonia spp. are Rhizoctonia solani、Rhizoctonia repens and uninucleate Rhizoctonia sp. which was difficult to identify.
Two species of Paphiopedilum sp. were inoculated with one of the four Rhizoctonia spp., after six months growth, responses of plant to fungi were variable. The highest growth increase of Paphiopedium delenatii was inoculated with Rhizoctonia repens (PaR2) which was isolated from the same species of root. But the best growth of Paph. Maudiae Type was achieved by the inoculation of uninucleate Rhizoctonia sp. (SpR1) which was isolated from Spiranthes sinensis. While Rhizoctonia solani (R04) fungus which was isolated from Anoecochilus formosanus root could enhance the growth of Paphiopedilum spp. Pelotons revealed in the cortex cells of Paph. delenatii after 15 days of inoculation. The velamen of Paph. delenatii was six to seven layers and has the perforation structures. Hyphae penetrated the velamen through root hairs. The infection process of Rhizoctonia sp. showed that by using single hyphae to penetrate cell wall infected adjacent cell, then pelotons formed near nucleus. The infection with Paph. delenatii was tolypophagy mode.
Choline chloride could significantly increased the fresh weight of Paph. delenatii. The treatments of Paph. delenatii by the combination of choline chloride and inositol、choline chloride or Aminosong solution could significantly increase leaf length. Treated Paph. Maudiae Type seedling with Aminosong solution significantly increased leaf length. GA3 and GA4+7 could induce the inflorescence of Paphiopedium sp. and the available concentration was 100 ppm. But gibberellins treatment caused deformed flowers, including curved pedicle、flower appearance asymmetry、upper sepal roll and narrow、petal rolls and increase of ovary length. To amend the deformed flower problem , a change of GA concentration or inoculated with orchid mycorrhizal fungi and the application of other plant hormones was suggested.

中文摘要………………………………………………………………………1
英文摘要………………………………………………………………………2
第一章 前人研究
壹 拖鞋蘭之簡介
分類與分布……………………………………………………………………3
著生蘭的根部構造……………………………………………………………5
繁殖方式與無菌播種研究……………………………………………………8
栽培與管理…………………………………………………………………12
國內的產業概況……………………………………………………………14
論文參試品種介紹…………………………………………………………16
貳 蘭菌與蘭科植物之關係
定義與分類…………………………………………………………………17
感染模式與影響因子………………………………………………………19
蘭菌對蘭科植物之影響……………………………………………………22
參 植物生長素介紹
定義與類別…………………………………………………………………25
論文使用之植物生長素種類介紹…………………………………………25
參考文獻……………………………………………………………………29
第二章 蘭內生真菌的分離與鑑定
摘要…………………………………………………………………………36
前言…………………………………………………………………………36
材料與方法…………………………………………………………………37
結果…………………………………………………………………………38
討論…………………………………………………………………………40
參考文獻……………………………………………………………………49
第三章 接種蘭菌對拖鞋蘭生長勢之影響與菌根形態觀察
摘要…………………………………………………………………………52
前言…………………………………………………………………………52
材料與方法…………………………………………………………………53
結果與討論…………………………………………………………………55
參考文獻……………………………………………………………………65
第四章 植物生長素對拖鞋蘭生長與開花之影響
摘要…………………………………………………………………………67
前言…………………………………………………………………………67
材料與方法…………………………………………………………………68
結果與討論…………………………………………………………………69
參考文獻……………………………………………………………………79

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