臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

行動隨意網路是由一群可互為通訊之無線行動設備動態所形成的無線網路架構。此網路中之無線行動設備通常具備有限的頻寬、高度的移動性、有限的電量及容易變化的網路拓樸等特性。因此，如何有效節省行動設備之電量及減少端對端之傳送延遲時間，以提供行動隨意網路良好的服務品質，是一項值得研討的議題。
由於行動隨意網路具有拓樸變動及路由存活時間短等特性，使得於行動隨意網路上要提供良好傳送的品質較為不易。本論文提出一自適性傳輸範圍之行動隨意網路路由方法，此方法假設每個節點都具有一大一小之傳輸半徑，並可依傳遞的資訊特質訂定其優先權，具高優先權之資料，以大功率傳輸範圍作資料傳遞；反之，低優先權資料，則以小功率傳輸範圍作資料傳遞。以此可加速行動隨意網路之路由搜尋效能及減低封包傳遞所需之跳躍數，並且考量節點的剩餘電能，作為節點自我調節傳輸範圍的依據，以選擇較佳的路由及延長節點的存活時間。
本文以定義之封包的傳達率、節點的存活率、端對端延遲時間及節點的跳躍數作為效能的評量標準，並以NS2為模擬平台建置一模擬系統，來評量、分析及比較動態來源路由、改良式動態來源路由及自適性傳輸範圍路由等三者的效能。

Mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a kind of wireless network. MANET is dynamically constructed with a group of mobile hosts within the range of wireless transmission. The characteristics of mobile devices in a MANET include the high mobility, limited bandwidth and limited power energy. To guarantee the QoS of a routing in MANET, we proposed an adaptive mechanism that nodes can adjust its radio power to forward packets base on certain conditions. That is, every node has a large and a small transmission range. Such an adaptive policy could save power energy, the node’s lifetime, and reduce the propagation delay time.
However the proposed routing protocol could search an adequate path for forwarding packets, but it needs not to maintain the information of whole MANET.
The data to be forwarded are classified into high priority mode and low priority mode. High priority data is transmitted by a large radio power, and low priority data is sent by a small radio power. The other condition to adapt the adjust transmission range is according to the residual power energy of nodes.
We use NS2 to measure the data deliver ratio, end-to-end time delay, node live ratio and the node’s hop counts. A simulation system is built to measure, analysis and compare the routing efficiency between DSR, MDSR and ADSR.

目 錄

中文摘要 Ⅰ
英文摘要 Ⅱ
誌謝 Ⅲ
目錄 IV
表目錄 VI
圖目錄 VII
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 研究動機 2
1-2 研究目的 2
1-3 論文架構 3
第二章 行動隨意網路路由 4
2-1行動隨意網路簡介 4
2-2行動隨意路由分類 7
2-2-1主動式路由 8
2-2-2反應式路由 9
2-2-3混合式路由 11
2-3動態來源路由 12
2-4改良式動態來源路由 15
2-5服務品質的相關研究 19
第三章 自適性傳輸範圍之網路路由 23
3-1節點的傳輸範圍 23
3-2路由建立階段 24
3-2-1路由請求 25
3-2-2中間節點封包處理 26
3-2-3路由回覆 30
3-3路由維護 33
3-3-1路由失效 33
3-3-2修復路由 34
第四章 模擬與分析 38
4-1隨機路點模式 38
4-2電波傳播模型 39
4-3評量因子定義 41
4-4模擬環境參數設定 42
4-5模擬結果與分析 43
4-5-1封包傳達率比較 43
4-5-2端對端延遲時間比較 45
4-5-3節點存活率比較 47
4-5-4節點跳躍數比較 49
第五章 結論與未來方向 52
參考文獻 54
附錄 58
A NS2模擬系統簡介 58
B 中英專有名詞對照表 63
作者簡歷 65


表目錄
表 2 1　基礎建設網路與行動隨意網路之差異比較 7
表 2 2　主動式、反應式及混合式路由協定之比較 12
表 4 1　IEEE 802.11 b無線網卡通訊距離 41
表 4 2　模擬環境參數設定 43
表 4 3　封包傳達率(a=0.25) 44
表 4 4　封包傳達率(a=0.5) 45
表 4 5　端對端延遲(a=0.25) 46
表 4 6　端對端延遲(a=0.5) 47
表 4 7　節點存活率(a=0.25) 48
表 4 8　節點存活率(a=0.5) 49
表 4 9　節點跳躍數(a=0.25) 50
表 4 10　節點跳躍數(a=0.5) 51



圖目錄
圖 2 1　基礎建設網路 5
圖 2 2　行動隨意網路 6
圖 2 3　DSR之RREQ封包 13
圖 2 4　DSR之RREP封包 14
圖 2 5　MDSR之小範圍傳輸 15
圖 2 6　MDSR之大範圍傳輸 16
圖 2 7　MDSR之來源節點處理封包演算法 17
圖 2 8　MDSR之來源節點處理封包流程圖 17
圖 2 9　 MDSR之之節點Ni處理RREQ封包演算法 18
圖 2 10　MDSR之節點Ni處理RREQ封包流程圖 19
圖 3 1　節點的傳輸範圍 24
圖 3 2　RREQ封包格式 26
圖 3 3　自適性傳輸範圍網路路由 27
圖 3 4　ADSR之節點Ni處理RREQ封包演算法 28
圖 3 5　ADSR之節點Ni處理RREQ封包流程圖 29
圖 3 6　ADSR之路由建立 30
圖 3 7　ADSR之節點Ni處理RREP封包演算法 31
圖 3 8　ADSR之節點Ni處理RREP封包流程圖 32
圖 3 9　ADSR之路由回覆 33
圖 3 10　ADSR之路由維護 35
圖 3 11　ADSR之節點Ni路由維護演算法 36
圖 3 12　ADSR之節點Ni路由維護流程圖 37
圖 4 1　Random Waypoint範例 43
圖 4-2　封包傳達率(a=0.25) 44
圖 4 3　封包傳達率(a=0.5) 45
圖 4 4　端對端延遲(a=0.25) 46
圖 4 5　端對端延遲(a=0.5) 47
圖 4 6　節點存活率(a=0.25) 48
圖 4 7　節點存活率(a=0.5) 49
圖 4 8　節點跳躍數(a=0.25) 50
圖 4 9　節點跳躍數(a=0.5) 51

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