臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近幾年來數位浮水印技術被廣泛地應用在數位影像所有權的保護與完整性的驗證上，其中有關影像完整性的驗證，大部分都是透過易碎型浮水印方法來達成。所謂易碎型浮水印方法，就是將影像特徵值當作驗證資訊藏入影像中，當需要驗證影像完整性時，則由影像中取出所藏入的驗證資訊來跟影像特徵值進行比對，以辨識影像是否遭受竄改及影像中遭受竄改的區域是哪裡。然而，這種驗證方式卻有可能發生偵測錯誤的問題，也就是將有遭竄改的區域誤判成未遭竄改，或是將未遭竄改的區域誤判成已遭竄改；因此，如何有效降低影像竄改偵測的錯誤率是一項重要的研究課題。本研究嘗試結合機率理論來提升影像竄改偵測的正確率與精緻度，我們的方法包含影像驗證資訊的隱藏與竄改偵測兩個部分，其中竄改偵測部分除了透過已嵌入在影像中的驗證訊息，來辨別影像是否遭受竄改以及竄改的位置之外，還運用機率理論來改善之前所得到的偵測結果以提升驗證準確率。實驗結果顯示，我們的方法不管是在驗證精緻度與驗證正確率上，都有不錯的表現。

In recent years, digital watermarking technology has been widely used for digital images of property rights protection and integrity authentication. Image integrity authentication is usually done by a fragile watermarking scheme, which means to embed an image of feature values as an authentication message. When authenticating image integrity, the embedded authentication message in the image is extracted for comparison with the image feature values to identify whether the image has been tampered with, and if so, locate the affected area. However, such authentication schemes may result in detection error problems. Namely, the tampered area may be misjudged as not having been tampered with, or vice versa. Hence, methods that effectively reduce errors in tampering detection have become an important research topic. This study aims to integrate a probability theory to improve image tampering detection accuracy and precision. The scheme includes two processes: the embedding of an image authentication message and tampering detection. In the image tampering detection process, in addition to identifying whether the image has been tampered with and locating the tampered area, through the authentication message embedded in the image, a probability theory is employed to improve previously obtained detection results to enhance authentication accuracy. The experimental results reveal that the proposed scheme performs better in terms of detection precision and authentication accuracy rate.

圖目錄 iv
表目錄 vi
第壹章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究動機 4
1.3 研究目的 5
1.5 研究架構 6
第貳章 文獻探討 7
2.1 數位浮水印技術 7
2.2 完整性認證技術 10
2.2.1 數位簽章的影像認證技術 10
2.2.2 易碎型浮水印的認證機制 11
第參章 研究方法 17
3.1 驗證資訊的產生與隱藏 17
3.2 偵測的流程 20
3.3 三種影像竄改偵測標示方法 25
3.3.1 以偵測結果是未被竄改區塊為優先 26
3.3.2 以右側區塊偵測結果作為優先 30
第肆章 實驗與討論 37
4.1 影像驗證評估指標 37
4.2 灰階影像驗證資訊的產生與藏入 39
4.3 影像攻擊 39
4.4 影像竄改偵測實驗結果 42
4.5 Chang與Lin等人方法的實驗結果 51
4.6 實驗結果比較 57
4.7 研究方法分析與討論 62
4.7.1 單一影像區塊發生False Negative的情況與相對應機率 62
4.7.2 發生False Positive的情況與相對應機率 63
4.7.3 三種方法驗證方式的優缺點與限制 65
第伍章 結論 67
參考文獻 69
著作 72

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