臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

比例積分順向微分控制器因架構簡單與有好的動態特性，被廣泛應用於直流–交流換流器之控制。然而，傳統比例積分順向微分控制器難以抑制輸出訊號之擾動，因此造成換流器性能惡化。為了抑制輸出訊號的擾動與增強系統的強健性，本論文提出修正型比例積分順向微分控制器，然後應用於直流–交流換流器，使得在線性與非線性之負載條件下，可達到低總諧波失真與快速動態響應。修正型比例積分順向微分控制器除了保有傳統比例積分順向微分控制器架構簡單與有好的動態特性之優點外，其控制參數調整容易以及抑制輸出訊號擾動明顯。為了驗證所提出控制器的有效性，本論文以Psim軟體來模擬所提出的換流器，而實作以數位訊號處理器為基礎的控制器來控制換流器，使得在非線性負載狀況下，有高品質的交流輸出電壓。

Due to simple structure and good dynamic property, Differential forward PID (DFPID) controller is widely used in DC-AC inverters control. However, the conventional DFPID controller is difficult to inhibit the disturbance of output signal, thus causing the deterioration of the inverter performance. In order to inhibit the disturbance of output signal and enhance the system robustness, a modified differential forward PID (MDFPID) controller for the DC-AC inverter design is proposed in this thesis. The performances of the DC-AC output are low total harmonic distortion, and fast dynamic response under linear and non-linear loading. In addition to retaining the advantages of simple structure and good dynamic property as the conventional DFPID controller, the MDFPID controller has also allowed easy adjustment of control parameters and significant inhibition of disturbance of output signal. To verify the effectiveness of this proposed controller, the Psim software is used to simulate the inverter and the experiment is also realized with digital signal processor. Finally, a high-quality AC output voltage can be obtained under non-linear loading.

中文摘要…………………………………………………………………………i
英文摘要…………………………………………………………………………ii
目錄………………………………………………………………………………iv
圖目錄……………………………………………………………………………vi
表目錄……………………………………………………………………………ix
第一章 緒論………………………………………………………………………1
1.1 研究背景與動機……………………………………………………………1
1.2 論文大綱……………………………………………………………………3
第二章 比例積分順向微分控制器………………………………………………4
2.1 比例積分微分控制器………………………………………………………4
2.2 比例積分順向微分控制器…………………………………………………7
第三章 修正型比例積分順向微分控制器………………………………………9
3.1 修正型比例積分順向微分控制器之設計…………………………………9
3.2 控制參數之設計……………………………………………………………10
第四章 功率因數修正電路與全橋換流器……………………………………13
4.1 功率因數修正………………………………………………………………13
4.2 功率因數修正電路…………………………………………………………18
4.3 電流控制模式………………………………………………………………21
4.4 換流器電路…………………………………………………………………23
第五章 電路模擬與硬體實作…………………………………………………24
5.1 以UC3854為核心之升壓型功率因數修正電路……………………………24
5.2 升壓型功率因數修正電路硬體實作………………………………………31
5.3 換流器電路之設計…………………………………………………………34
5.4 全橋式換流器電路之硬體實作與結果比較………………………………47
第六章 結論與未來研究方向…………………………………………………53
6.1 結論…………………………………………………………………………53
6.2 未來研究方向………………………………………………………………53
參考文獻…………………………………………………………………………54
圖目錄
圖1.1 不斷電系統之基本電路架構…………………………………………………1
圖2.1 典型比例積分微分控制器之架構……………………………………………4
圖2.2 比例積分順向微分控制器系統………………………………………………7
圖3.1 修正型比例積分順向微分控制器系統………………………………………9
圖4.1 交流－直流整流電路…………………………………………………………12
圖4.2 電感性負載，電流落後電壓…………………………………………………13
圖4.3 電容性負載，電流領先電壓…………………………………………………14
圖4.4 電感性負載，電流落後電壓…………………………………………………14
圖4.5 電容性負載，電流領先電壓…………………………………………………14
圖4.6 典型之整流器與電容器電路…………………………………………………14
圖4.7 具有失真輸入電壓與輸出電流波形…………………………………………15
圖4.8 全波整流電路…………………………………………………………………17
圖4.9 典型LCR被動式功率因數修正器……………………………………………18
圖4.10 升壓型功率因數修正電路…………………………………………………19
圖4.11 脈波寬度調變控制電路之內部構造………………………………………19
圖4.12 全橋式換流器之電路架構…………………………………………………22
圖5.1 UC3854功能方塊圖……………………………………………………………23
圖5.2 UC3854電路圖……………………………………………………………….24
圖5.3 以UC3854為核心之升壓型功率因數修正電路之模擬圖……………………29
圖5.4 輸出電壓模擬波形……………………………………………………………29
圖5.5 輸出電流模擬波形……………………………………………………………29
圖5.6 電感電流波形…………………………………………………………………30
圖5.7 升壓型功率因數修正電路……………………………………………………31
圖5.8 升壓型功率因數修正電路之功率電感………………………………………31
圖5.9 開關之閘極驅動訊號vgs與汲-源極電壓vds………………………………32
圖5.10 開關之閘極驅動訊號vgs與輸出二極體之電壓vdo………………………33
圖5.11 輸出電壓Vo與輸出電流Io…………………………………………………33
圖5.12 具有迴授控制之全橋式換流器的電路架構………………………………34
圖5.13 輸出電壓偵測電路…………………………………………………………35
圖5.14 差分放大器…………………………………………………………………36
圖5.15 正向半波整流電路…………………………………………………………36
圖5.16 反向半波整流電路…………………………………………………………36
圖5.17 微分器………………………………………………………………………38
圖5.18 加法器………………………………………………………………………38
圖5.19 正弦波脈波寬度調變之雙電壓極性切換…………………………………39
圖5.20 正弦波脈波寬度調變之單電壓極性切換…………………………………40
圖5.21 低損失單電壓極性切換……………………………………………………41
圖5.22 低損失單電壓極性切換之開關切換訊號…………………………………41
圖5.23 換流器電路架構模擬圖……………………………………………………42
圖5.24 傳統比例積分順向微分控制電路模擬圖…………………………………43
圖5.25 修正型比例積分順向微分控制電路模擬圖………………………………43
圖5.26 正半週開關之模擬驅動訊號………………………………………………44
圖5.27 負半週開關之模擬驅動訊號………………………………………………44
圖5.28 傳統控制器在額定負載下的輸出電壓模擬波形…………………………44
圖5.29 傳統控制器在額定負載下的輸出電流模擬波形…………………………44
圖5.30 修正型控制器在額定負載下的輸出電壓模擬波形………………………45
圖5.31 修正型控制器在額定負載下的輸出電流模擬波形………………………45
圖5.32 傳統控制器在整流型負載下的輸出電壓模擬波形………………………45
圖5.33 傳統控制器在整流型負載下的輸出電流模擬波形………………………45
圖5.34 修正型控制器在整流型負載下的輸出電壓模擬波形……………………46
圖5.35 修正型控制器在整流型負載下的輸出電流模擬波形.……………………46
圖5.36 傳統控制器在Triac負載(從無載到滿載)下的輸出電壓模擬波形………46
圖5.37 傳統控制器在Triac負載(從無載到滿載)下的輸出電流模擬波形………46
圖5.38 修正型控制器在Triac負載(從無載到滿載)下的輸出電壓模擬波形……47
圖5.39 修正型控制器在Triac負載(從無載到滿載)下的輸出電流模擬波形……47
圖5.40 換流器電路…………………………………………………………………49
圖5.41 正半週開關之實測閘極驅動訊號…………………………………………49
圖5.42 負半週開關之實測閘極驅動訊號…………………………………………49
圖5.43 濾波器兩端之電壓vAB實測波形……………………………………………50
圖5.44 傳統比例積分順向微分控制器在額定負載下的輸出電壓與電流波形…50
圖5.45 修正型比例積分順向微分控制器在額定負載下的輸出電壓與電流波…51
圖5.46 傳統比例積分順向微分控制器在Triac負載(從無載到滿載)下的輸出電壓與電流波形…51
圖5.47 修正型比例積分順向微分控制器在Triac負載(從無載到滿載)下的輸出電壓與電流波形…51
圖5.48 傳統比例積分順向微分控制器在整流型負載下的輸出電壓與電流波………………………51
圖5.49 修正型比例積分順向微分控制器在整流型負載下的輸出電壓與電流波形…………………52
表目錄
表5.1 升壓型主動式功率因數修正器之電氣規格表……………………………28
表5.2 UC3854之控制電路參數……………………………………………………28
表5.3 升壓型功率因數電路之元件規格表………………………………………30
表5.4 升壓型功率因數修正電路之實測數據……………………………………32
表5.5 低損失單電壓極性切換之開關切換規則…………………………………40
表5.6 換流器系統參數與控制參數………………………………………………47
表5.7 換流器電路之元件規格表…………………………………………………47
表5.8 電壓總諧波失真率與電壓回復時間………………………………………50

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