臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

車輛座椅機構因其空間有限、車輛內部構型尺寸不同，部分車輛座椅機構為多自由度，或單自由度則使用者須移動位置。本研究以座椅機構用於福祉車進行機構設計，針對多自由度化簡為單自由度和座椅移動過程保持與地面水平，以助行動不便或是年長使用者的車輛座椅內外轉移。本研究透過路徑產生器設計球面引導滑槽限制座椅的偏擺角度，避免移動過程中發生撞擊或夾傷。並透過運動產生器產生一組平面平行四連桿機構，使得使用者較為安全。座椅包含彈簧自鎖卡固機構限制位置，防止因外力介入而使座椅離開預期位置。其座椅機構為單自由度，操作簡單方便。座椅轉至車外後攙扶者有較大的空間將使用者移位到座椅上，座椅轉至車內後有額外之地桿設計，增強其結構與分散負荷人體重量。本研究針對車輛座椅機構進行相關專利搜尋。依車身內部高度和座椅寬度、與移動範圍，藉由電腦輔助 3D 建模達到設計限制。並進行做動模擬，檢查干涉情況。最後材料強度限制在 250MPa 以下，受力為 1.5 倍的強度，使用 CAE 軟體進行分析，檢查是否超過降伏強度。本技術資料已提出專利申請。

The seat-mechanism due to the limited space and the different internal dimensions of the vehicle, most of the vehicle seat mechanisms are multi-degree of freedom or the single degree of free-dom requires the user to move the sit-position.In this study, the seat-mechanism was designed for the welfare car, and the multi-degree of freedom was simplified to single degree of freedom and the seat-movement-process was maintained at the ground-level to facilitate the elderly or the elderly to self-transfer to inside and outside of the vehicle.Through the path-generator to gen-erate the spherical-guiding-chute is designed to limit the seat to avoid impact or pinch during movement. And through the motion-generator to generate a set of plane parallel four-bar linkage mechanism, the seat-movement-process is kept parallel and safe. The seat includes a spring self-locking securing mechanism to limit the position to prevent the seat from leaving the desired position due to external force intervention. Its seat mechanism is single degree of freedom, and the operation is simple and convenient. After the seat is swiveled to the outside of the car, the supporter has a larger space to shift the user to the seat. After the seat is swiveled into the car, there is an additional ground to enhance the structure and disperse the weight of the human body.
This study conducted a related patent search for the vehicle seat mechanism. The de-sign-limits are achieved by computer-aided 3D modeling, depending on the interior height and seat width, and range of motion. Perform a simulation to check for interference. Finally, the ma-terial strength is limited to 250 MPa or less, and the force is 1.5 times the strength. The CAE software is used for analysis to check whether the strength exceeds the yield strength. Patent application has been filed in this technical file.

摘要 i
ABSTRACT ii
誌謝 iv
目錄 v
表目錄 vii
圖目錄 viii
第一章 簡介 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究動機 2
1.3 研究方向 2
第二章 文獻分類與分析 3
2.1 座椅專利家族分析 3
2.2 專利座椅機構明顯特徵分類 5
2.3 專利座椅運動行為分析 15
2.4 專利座椅機械元件種類分析 21
2.5 專利座椅分析考量運動行為與機械元件種類 24
第三章 福祉車之座椅機構設計 29
3.1 座椅機構之設計流程 29
3.2 座椅機構之設計條件 30
3.3 平面四連桿機構設計 35
3.4 球面引導滑槽曲線設計 43
3.5 簡化模型與參數化尺寸調整 47
3.6 極限位置支撐設計 53
3.7 彈簧自鎖卡固機構 54
第四章 座椅機構 3D 模型建立與作動模擬 56
第五章 結構分析 61
5.1 座椅轉出後人體重量負載 61
5.2 座椅轉出後人體重量與歸位方向之外力負載 63
5.3 座椅卡固機構之外力負載 65
第六章 結論與建議 69
參考文獻 71
作者簡介（視需要） 76

1. 王偉，「日本少子老齡化的成因與影響分析」，人文與社會學報，2006，1(9)， 37-57。
2. 戶政司，「老年人口突破14% 內政部：臺灣正式邁入高齡社會」，中華民國內政部全球資訊網，https://www.moi.gov.tw/chi/chi_news/news_detail.aspx?type_code=02&sn=13723，2018。
3. 郭翡玉、宋玉珍、邱黃肇崇、林德輝、于宗永、林碧乾、田昀仙、吳維組、黃柏璋、周祥敏、梁靜怡，「日本推動「設計翻轉、地方創生」 政策及作法」，行政院及所屬各機關出國報告（出國類別：考察），國家發展委員會，2017。
4. 呂寶靜，「從活力老化觀點談健康促進： 美國的作法，臺灣的借鏡」，社區發展季刊，145 期，2014，172頁。
5. 林威秀、黎俊彥，「身體姿勢平衡與老年人的跌倒」，中華民國體育學會季刊，18卷，第一期，2004，68-75頁。
6. 簡鴻儒，「新竹縣竹北市高齡行動障礙者無障礙旅行之研究」，福祉科技與服務管理學刊，2017，5(1)，9-20頁。
7. Herriotts P (2005) , “Identification of vehicle design requirements for older drivers ,” Appl Ergon 36, 2005, pp.255-262.
8. Misonou Yoshimasa and Arimura Shintaro, “Occupant Transfer Apparatus For Vehicle,” United States of America Patent, US 9849046 B2, 2017
9. Lemay Christian and Carbonneau Etienne, “Vehicle Access System,” United States of America Patent, US 9669738 B2, 2017
10. Maeshiro Shinji and Lee James, “Wheelchair Assembly And System For Ingress/egress To A Vehicle Using A Door Of A Vehicle As Support,” United States of America Patent, US 9463121 B1, 2016
11. Wu Jian, Jiang Lianbo, Wang Hongzhi and Peng Taijiang, “Seat Moving Device And Automobile Seat,” China Patent, CN 105730287 A, 2016
12. Tanaka Kenji, “Vehicle Seat Device,” Japan Patent, JP 2016088438 A, 2016
13. Farooq Iskander, Faruque Mohammed Omar and Jaradi Dean M, “Automatic Presentable Swiveling Seat,” United States of America Patent, US 9242581 B2, 2016
14. Slungare Hans Bertil, “Vehicle Access Seating,” WIPO Patent, WO 2015/184267 A1, 2015
15. Horiguchi Kenji, Kuretake Hiroyuki and Kinoshita Hideki, “Vehicle Seat,” United States of America Patent, US 9114731 B2, 2015
16. Iida Fujio and Sasaki Masami, “Seat Device For Use In A Vehicle,” United States of America Patent, US 9016797 B2, 2015
17. Roth Michael and Jung Markus, “Vehicle Seat,” United States of America Patent, US 2015/0035334 A1, 2015
18. Ajisaka Satoshi, “Vehicle Turning Seat,” Japan Patent, JP 2015024683 A, 2015
19. Slungare Hans Bertil and Bergstrand Joakim Lars, “Articulated Seating System,” United States of America Patent, US 8936295 B2, 2015
20. Yamato Masaho, “Seat Device For Vehicle,” Japan Patent, JP 2014205467 A, 2014
21. Hibi Kazuhiro, “Vehicle Seat,” United States of America Patent, US 2012/0153697 A1, 2012
22. Line Johnathan Andrew and Jaranson John W, “Transverse Sliding/accommodation Easy Entry Seat,” United States of America Patent, US 2012/0032466 A1, 2012
23. Miura Kazuya, Hirakawa Tomoya and Hibi Kazuhiro, “Vehicle Seats,” United States of America Patent, US 8033605 B2, 2011
24. Darnell Scott Alan and Gotter David Wayne, “Vehicle Driver Wheelchair Lift,” United States of America Patent, US 2011/0002764 A1, 2011
25. Panzarella Thomas A, Panzarella Jr Thomas A, Mcclanahan David D, Eldon Iii James B, Hoffman Ira C and Martin Michael T, “Seating Systems For Motor Vehicles,” United States of America Patent, US 7845703 B2, 2010
26. Tomaiwa Konomu and Mitsukuchi Masashi, “Height Adjuster For A Seat Of A Vehicle,” United States of America Patent, US 7789447 B2, 2010
27. Lung Ching-yung and Shen Hsiu-chu, “Adjusting Apparatus And Vehicle Seat,” United States of America Patent, US 2010/0052392 A1, 2010
28. Song Jung Il, Moon Jae Cheol and Park Seung Kwen, “Electric Rotating Seat For Vehicle,” WIPO Patent, WO 2009/025419 A1, 2009
29. Sano Yasumasa and Kamiya Kazushi, “Seat Swiveling Device Of A Vehicle,” United States of America Patent, US 7472958 B2, 2009
30. Fukui Osamu and Fujikura Hiroki, “Vehicle Seat Lifting Unit,” United States of America Patent, US 7413232 B1, 2008
31. Fukui Osamu and Watanabe Kiyoto, “Vehicle Seat Lift Speed Variable Switch System,” United States of America Patent, US 7334829 B2, 2008
32. Bailey Jack L, “Vehicle Seat With Swing-out Lower Seat Portion,” United States of America Patent, US 2007/0284905 A1, 2007
33. Abraham James, “Vehicle Seat,” United States of America Patent, US 2007/0222251 A1, 2007
34. Dudai Simon, “Motor Vehicle Chair System For Physically Disabled Persons,” United States of America Patent, US 2007/0194607 A1, 2007
35. Tsujimoto Hisasi, Yasufuku Sigeru, Tsuzuki Hideo and Yamauchi Hidenori, “Swing Device,” European Patent Office Patent, EP 1698509 A1, 2006
36. Thompson James L and Thompson Wendy K, “Power Operable Vehicle Seat Assembly,” United States of America Patent, US 7036883 B1, 2006
37. Seki Kazuhiro, “Vehicular Seat,” United States of America Patent, US 7000991 B2, 2006
38. Takenoshita Tadashi, Suehiro Yoshirou, Kuroda Tomoyuki, Naruse Teiji and Suzuki Takashi, “Vehicle Seat,” United States of America Patent, US 6962383 B2, 2005
39. Dudai Simon and Guim Raul, “Motor Vehicle Chair System For Physically Disabled Persons,” United States of America Patent, US 2004/0101391 A1, 2004
40. Anderson Larrey, “Handicapped Lift Seat For Vehicles,” United States of America Patent, US 2004/0022614 A1, 2004
41. Ninomiya Mineki, Iwatani Masamitsu, Miura Yoshiyuki, Murabayashi Kenji, Kuroda Tomoyuki, Iwao Masanori, Hijikata Takafumi, Suga Yasuo, Tajima Takayuki, Takenoshita Tadashi and Suehiro Yoshiro, “Rotating Vehicle Seat,” United States of America Patent, US 6572172 B1, 2003
42. Suga Yasuo, Iwatani Masamitsu, Hijikata Takafumi, Takenoshita Tadashi, Miura Yoshiyuki and Tanaka Mineki, “Rotating Vehicle Seat,” United States of America Patent, US 6557919 B2, 2003
43. Anderson Rick A, “Pivoting Seating System,” United States of America Patent, US 6547303 B1, 2003
44. Suga Yasuo, Iwatani Masamitsu, Kagei Hiroyuki, Hijikata Takafumi, Takenoshita Tadashi, Suehiro Yoshiro, Fujita Chikanori, Uda Shoichi, Miura Yoshiyuki, Murabayashi Kenji and Iwao Masanori, “Vehicular Turning Seat,” United States of America Patent, US 6543848 B1, 2003
45. Fukui Osamu, “Seat Elevating Device,” Japan Patent, JP 2001001812 A, 2001
46. Aoyama Kazuo, Iwatani Masamitsu, Miura Yoshiyuki and Kurazono Soichi, “Get On/off Device For Vehicle,” Japan Patent, JP 3042326 B2, 2000
47. Koyanagi Hiroki, Tamaki Kenji, Hirakawa Toyokichi, Kawai Yoshikazu, Kakoi Koji, Takeda Fumiaki, Orito Hiroshi and Sei Nobuo, “Seat Lift Mechanism In Automotive Vehicle,” European Patent Office Patent, EP 0808740 A3, 2000
48. Braiden John Patrick, “Vehicle Seats For Disabled Users,” Great Britain Patent, GB 2331504 A, 1999
49. Gebhardt Robert J, “Power Seat Apparatus,” United States of America Patent, US 5769480 A, 1998
50. Wallace Robert James, “Slewing Machine,” United States of America Patent, US 5651576 A, 1997
51. Hirasawa Kazuhiro and Yamaki Shigeru, “Seat Lift Mechanism For An Automotive Vehicle,” United States of America Patent, US 5630638 A, 1997
52. Hirakawa Toyokichi, Tamaoki Kenji, Kawai Yoshikazu, Sei Nobuo and Orito Hiroshi, “Lifting Device For Vehicle Seat,” Japan Patent, JP H0958315 A, 1997
53. Wolfman Paul R and Buck Carlos R, “Transfer Apparatus For Moving A Person From A Wheelchair Into An Automobile,” United States of America Patent, US 5540539 A, 1996
54. Czech Edward A and Budd Alfred L, “Semi-ambulatory Companion Seating System And Method,” United States of America Patent, US 5524952 A, 1996
55. Koester Daniel J, Potes Duane E Jr, Demick Robert L, Freeman Basil M and Vo Benny T, “Pivoting Seat Cushion For A Vehicle.,” European Patent Office Patent, EP 0656277 A1, 1995
56. Maruta Tsutomu, “Vehicle seat.,” Japan Patent, JP H079641 U, 1995
57. Zalewski Wojciech, “Automotive Vehicle Seat For Disabled Persons,” United States of America Patent, US 5301993 A, 1994
58. Wikipedia, “Car classification, ” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car_classification, captured in Dec 2018.
59. Dalia Lašaitė, “CGTrader,” https://www.cgtrader.com/pages/about-us, 2011.
60. CAR FROM JAPAN, “TOYOTA ALPHARD G MZ (2003) ,” https://carfromjapan.com/specifications/toyota/alphard-g/581978ec2afaa2c4b2878855#, 2003.
61. 維基百科，「人類身高」，https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E8%BA%AB%E9%AB%98#cite_note-9，2019.2擷取。
62. NCD-RisC, http://www.ncdrisc.org/height-mean-line.html, captured in Feb 2019.
63. Nurul Izzah Abd Rahman, Siti Zawiah Md Dawal, Nukman Yusoff and Nabilla Sofia Mohd Kamil, “Anthropometric measurements among four Asian countries in designing sitting and standing workstations, ” Sadhana, 43(1), 2018.
64. 台灣三住，「圓線彈簧」，https://tw.misumi-ec.com/vona2/detail/110302604030/?KWSearch=%E5%BD%88%E7%B0%A7&searchFlow=results2products，2019.3擷取。
65. 康節汽車有限公司，「福祉車介紹」，https://www.innohonji.com/welcab2，2019.4擷取。
66. Research Institute for Disabled Consumers, “Getting into and out of a car,” https://www.ridc.org.uk/content/getting-and-out-car, 2019.